Index number :2022663

Name :YUSSIF AYIKU

PROGRAM :TECHNICAL

ASSESMENT ONE (ASSIGNMENT AND PRESENTATION)

QUESTION
Alomo Gyata is a 15 year old girl in the Osorobuyie community .At her age she
mistrust everyone close to her .She feel ashamed of her abilities and prefer and
prefer not to tae initiativs.Her parent are worried about her attitude towards life and
needs to understand the situation.As her teacher you have been contacted by her
parents to explain the situation to them and recommend a solution .
1.What theoretical perspective will you fall on as a guide to explain the situation to
her parents?.JUSTIFY.
2.What recommendations would you offer for Alomo’s current situation
3.State five educational implication of this knowledge.
4.Presentation

I will fall on Erikson theory of psychosocial development because of the

following reasons

1.Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order

through eight stages of psychosocial development, from infancy to adulthood.
During each stage, the person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a
positive or negative outcome for personality development.

What are the 8 stages of Erikson's theory?

Understanding Erikson's 8 Stages of Development
 Infancy – Basic trust versus mistrust.
 Toddler – Autonomy versus shame and doubt.
 Preschool-age – Initiative versus guilt.
 School-age – Industry versus inferiority.
 Adolescence – Identity versus identity confusion.
 Young adulthood – Intimacy versus isolation.
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2.Why is Erik Erikson theory important?



 Why is Erikson's theory of psychosocial development important? Its

importance lies in the fact that it provides a holistic view of development
throughout the entire lifespan. It also stresses on the influence of social
relationships on development.8 Dec 2020

3.How does Erikson's theory apply to life?

Erikson's theory differed from many others because it addressed development
throughout the entire lifespan, including old age. Older adults need to look back on
life and feel a sense of fulfillment. Success at this stage leads to feelings of
wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair.3 Aug 2022

What is the central theme of Erikson's theory?

The central theme of Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory is that people's egos and
personalities require development through a series of eight stages wherein
they experience crises and, if successful, gain core values

Stage 1: Trust vs. mistrust

Birth to 12–18 months old

The first stage of Erikson’s theory begins at birth and lasts until your baby
approaches their first birthday and a little beyond.

You’ve probably noticed that your little one’s totally dependent on you for
everything: food, warmth, comfort. Be there for your baby by giving them not only
physical care, but also plenty of love — no need to hold back the cuddles.

By providing these basic needs, you teach them that they can depend on you. This
builds within them the psychological strength of trust. Feeling secure and safe,
your infant will be ready to experience the world.

Stage 2: Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

18 months to 3 years old

You know that you’ve hit this milestone when your toddler starts to assert their
independence. They realize that they can do some things by themselves — and
they insist on those things.
Pro tip: Instead of worrying if day care will question your ability to parent because
your toddler is wearing their shoes on the wrong feet — after putting them on
themselves — be wise and let them go out like this.

By this stage, your toddler has food preferences. So let them choose their own
snacks. Or let them choose which shirt they want to wear. (Survival tip: Give them
two shirts to pick from.) Sure, there’ll be times when their clothes just don’t match.
Grin and bear it because giving them the space to choose means helping them build
their self-esteem.

Here’s another biggie: Your toddler is ready for toilet training. Learning to control
their bodily functions gives them a feeling of independence or autonomy.

Children who come through this stage with flying colors will believe in themselves
and feel secure in their abilities. Children who aren’t given the chance to assert
themselves (within the limits you set) will battle with feelings of inadequacy and
self-doubt, according to Erikson.

Stage 3: Initiative vs. guilt

3 to 5 years old

These are the preschool years. As your child interacts socially and plays with
others, they learn that they can take the initiative and control what happens.

You can encourage your child to plan, achieve goals, and take responsibility by
making sure they have plenty of opportunities to interact with others. Let them
explore the world within the limits you set up. Take them to visit older adults and
give out chocolates. Set up playdates for them with their peers.

And don’t forget that you can be a playmate, too. Give your child a chance to
direct the show by letting them be the teacher, doctor, or sales clerk while you act
the student, patient, or customer.

Here’s when your child starts asking endless questions. Sometimes your miniature
philosopher will wonder where dogs go after they die when you’ve just settled
down to watch the show you missed because you took them to a second playdate.
Breathe in. By addressing these questions with genuine interest, you’re investing in
your child’s positive self-image.

This stage is about much more than just calling the shots. Through both interacting
with others socially and through play, your child develops self-confidence and
learns to enjoy having a sense of purpose.

However, if parents are controlling or don’t support their child when they make
decisions, the child may not be equipped to take the initiative, may lack ambition,
and could be filled with guilt. Overpowering feelings of guilt can prevent a child
from interacting with others and deter their creativity.

Stage 4: Industry vs. inferiority

5 to 12 years old

Your child has hit elementary school. Here’s where they learn new skills. It’s also
where their circle of influence widens.

Your child has plenty of teachers and peers. They may start comparing themselves
to others. If they decide that they’re doing well scholastically, on the sports field, at
the arts, or socially, your child will develop feelings of pride and accomplishment.
(Watch out: They’ll also be comparing their family to other families.)

If you notice that your child struggles in one area, look for another area in which
they can shine. Help your kiddo develop their strengths in areas where they have a
natural flair.

They may not be math whizzes, but perhaps they can draw or sing. Are they
naturally patient with younger kids? Let them help out with taking care of their
siblings.
When your child succeeds, they’ll feel industrious and believe they can set goals
— and reach them. However, if children have repeated negative experiences at
home or feel that society is too demanding, they may develop feelings of
inferiority.

Stage 5: Identity vs. confusion

12 to 18 years old

Adolescence. Here’s your chance to revamp the deep breathing skills you
developed when your child was a toddler.

At this psychosocial development stage, your child faces the challenge of

developing a sense of self. They form their identity by examining their beliefs,
goals, and values.

The questions they face aren’t easy to answer: “Who am I?”, “What do I want to
work as?”, “How do I fit into society?” Throw into all this confusion the question
of “What’s happening to my body?” and you’ll probably remember the turmoil that
you felt during adolescence. On their journey to self, most adolescents will explore
different roles and ideas.

How can you help your adolescent successfully resolve this psychosocial conflict?

While Erikson isn’t clear, know that the encouragement and reinforcement you
give your child are vital to shaping their personal identity. In addition, your child’s
experiences and social interactions mold their behavior and ideals.
Adolescents who successfully weather this crisis will come away with a strong
sense of identity. They’ll be able to uphold these values despite the challenges that
they’ll face in the future.

But when adolescents don’t search for their identity, they may not develop a strong
sense of self and won’t have a clear picture of their future. The same confusion
may reign supreme if you, as their parent, try to pressure them to conform to your
own values and beliefs.

Stage 6: Intimacy vs. isolation

18 to 40 years old

This is where you probably start nodding as you recognize yourself. Remember we
said that each stage builds on the next? People with a strong sense of identity are
now ready to share their lives with others.

This is the time to invest in commitment to others. The psychosocial challenge

now — according to Erikson — is to build long-term loving relationships that feel
safe.

When people complete this stage successfully, they come away with safe

relationships filled with commitment and love.

Stage 7: Generativity vs. stagnation

40 to 65 years old
This seventh stage is characterized by a need to give to others. On the home front,
this means raising your children. It can also mean contributing to community
charities and events that better society.

On the work front, people strive to do well and to be productive. Don’t stress if
you can’t find the time to fit it all in — you may just have to wait awhile till the
little people in your house are no longer quite so demanding.

People who complete this stage successfully have the satisfaction of knowing that
you’re needed. They feel that they’re contributing to their families and community
and work place.

Without the positive feedback in these areas, though, people may experience
stagnation. Frustrated that they’re unable to raise a family, succeed at work, or
contribute to society, they may feel disconnected. They may not feel motivated to
invest in personal growth or in productivity.

Related: Your productivity doesn’t determine your worth

Stage 8: Integrity vs. despair

Over 65 years old

This is the stage of reflection. During late adulthood, when the pace of life slows
down, people look back on their lives to assess what they’ve achieved. People who
are proud of what they’ve done experience genuine satisfaction.

However, people who didn’t complete the previous stages may have feelings of
loss and regret. If they see their lives as unproductive, they become dissatisfied
and depressed.
Interestingly, this last stage, according to Erikson, is one of flux. People often
alternate between feelings of satisfaction and regret. Looking back on life to get a
sense of closure can help to face death without fear.

Summary of Erikson’s stages

Stag
Conflict Age Desired outcome
e

Birth to 12–
1 Trust vs. mistrust A sense of trust and security
18 months

Feelings of independence lead to

Autonomy vs. 18 months
2 belief in yourself and your
shame & doubt to 3 years
abilities

Self-confidence; the ability to take

3 Initiative vs. guilt 3 to 5 years
the initiative and make decisions

Industry vs. 5 to 12 Feelings of pride and

4
inferiority years accomplishment

5 Identity vs. 12 to 18 A strong sense of identity; a clear

 confusion years picture of your future

Intimacy vs. 18 to 40 Safe relationships filled with

6
isolation years commitment and love

The desire to give to family and

Generativity vs. 40 to 65
7 community, and to succeed at
stagnation years
work

Integrity vs. Over 65 Pride in what you’ve achieved

8
despair years leads to feelings of satisfaction

The takeaway

Erikson believed that his theory was a “tool to think with rather than a factual
analysis.” So take these eight stages as the starting point you use to help your child
develop the psychosocial skills they need to become a successful person, but don’t
take them as law.

People who didn’t manage to complete the previous stage successfully and don’t
have a strong sense of identity are generally unable to build committed relation.
The Recommendation/ Reasons Why I Would Offer Alomo Gyata This
Theory For His Current Situation ,has been explained in the various paragraph
above and below.Bt the little I could add to it is as follows.

Teachers and parents can help by providing children with different experiences or
ways to explore and experiment with their environments. It’s through these
experiences that children may gain understandings of different concepts in a hands-
on way.

For young children entering preschool and kindergarten, Piaget’s theories align
more with play-based school programs, or environments where kids are offered
opportunities for trial and error, and interaction with the real world.

Piaget’s philosophy can be incorporated into any education program.

Examples include:

 Providing chances for trial and error. Focus on the process of learning versus
the end result.

 Providing children with visual aids and other props, like models, to illustrate
different ideas and concepts.

 Using real-life examples to paint complex ideas, like word problems in

math.

 Providing chances to classify or group information. Outlines and hierarchies

are good examples and allow kids to build new ideas from previous
knowledge.

Offering problems that necessitate analytical or logical thinking. Brain teasers can
be used as a
 1. .

 he strengths of Erikson’s theory are:

o Stage theory - development took place in stages
o Ego identify - formation of ego identity right from birth
o Crisis – every individual has to go through crisis in his/her life
 The weaknesses of Erikson’s theory are:
o Focus on the competing forces rather than emotional development of
individuals
o Difficult to be tested scientifically as it is not possible to measure
some of the concepts upon which the theory is based
o Fails to specify the effect of failure in one stage impacts which other
stages
 Various educational implications of Erikson’s theory are possible depending
upon the age group of the learner and the tasks they are expected to perform.
For example,
o Allowing the child to play with various natural, simple materials, and
role-playing for the expression of fantasy and imagination.
o Games, stories and songs can be used. Real-life activities like serving
food, chopping vegetables or making chapattis, prepare children for
participation in the community around them.
Child-directed activities where the child chooses his or her activity and
repeats it as often as they want must be encouraged

Base on the strength and weaknesses analyzed in the above paragraph it is clear
that , SOME EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE THEORY BEEN
USED FOR THE ANALYZATION AND EVALUATION OF ALOMO
GYATA’S SITUATION ARE AS FOLLOWS:

Some implications from the knowledge from this theory is as follows

with ways of applying it the classroom
1. How to Apply Psychosocial Development in the Classroom
1. Create projects that allow children to take charge of their learning process. ...
2. Give children many small choices within acceptable limits. ...
3. Talk with a child privately about poor choices. ...
Know the difference between misbehavior and an exploratory misfire.
THANK YOU.