POWDERS

(PHM 220L)

LYDA ROCELLE F. LARON, RPh

09/03/22
POWDERS
• Intimate mixtures of Finely divided
drugs/ Chemicals in drug forms
• Advantages: Rapid dispersion of
ingredients, Flexibility in
compounding, Good chemical
stability
• Disadvantages: Inaccuracy of dose,
Not suitable for dispensing
deliquescent/hygroscopic
Classifications:
Description #
Very Coarse 8
Coarse 20
Moderately Coarse 40
Fine 60
Very Fine 80
Compounding
• Particle size reduction
Trituration – Mortar and Pestle
Levigation – paste forming by the addition of a non-solvent liquid
(Levigating agents)
ex. Mineral oils, Glycerin
Pulverization by Intervention – addition of volatile substance to a
gummy material that is placed in a mortar
Ex. Camphor + Ethanol, Iodine crystals + Ether
Compounding
• Mixing and Blending
A. Trituration
*Types of Mortar and Pestle:
Glass – smooth non-porous surface, for simple
admixture
Porcelain – Rough inner surface (For Friction), For
comminution
Wedge wood – Rougher surface, comminution of
very hard crystals
Compounding
B. Spatulation
- For mixing of Powders (Small amounts)
- For Eutectic Mixtures (2 solids mixtures Liquefy)
C. Sifting
- Use of Sifters for light fluffy products (Cake)
D. Geometric dilution
- Addition of an equal amount of diluent to a potent substance
placed on a mortar
E. Tumbling
- Large containers rotated by a motorized process
Types of Powders
• Bulk powders
Oral powders – dissolved in water/suspend in water prior to use
Douches powders – dissolve in warm water prior to use in antiseptic/
cleaning agent for body cavities
Dentifrices – powders containing soap, mild abrasive and anticariogenic
Dusting – Non-toxic powder that have no systemic action
Insufflations – Blown into body cavity using Insufflator
Trituration – dilutions of potent powder drugs (10% active Ingredient)
• Divided powders/ Chartulae
Dispensed in individual doses (In folded papers)
Block and Divide Technique
Types of Powder Papers
• White bond paper
- Opaque, Paper with no moisture resistance
• Glassine
- Glazed transparent paper with moisture resistance
• Vegetable parchment paper
- Thin, Semi-opaque, Moisture Resistant paper
• Wax paper
-Transparent, Waterproof, Suitable for Hygroscopic and
Deliquescent
GRANULES
(PHM220L)
LYDA ROCELLE F. LARON, RPh
09/03/22
GRANULES
• Agglomerates of Powders in a mass of about spherical shape
• Size: Sieve no. 4-12 -> Normal Granules
• For tab formulation: Normal Granules
• Advantages:
- Flow well compared to Granules
- Less tendency to cake/ Harden
- More stable to humidity due to small surface area
- More easily wet by liquids
Compounding
Effervescent Granules
• Granules dissolve in water before use where CO2 gas is release
• To mask unpleasant taste of drug
• Components:
1. Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) - Neutralization
2. Citric acid - Sticky
3. Tartaric acid – Crumble Easily
• Methods:
Dry method/ Fusion method – Usually in case of Effervescent
Binding agent : Water in Citric acid
Wet Method – Binding agent: Water + Alcohol
Effervescent Granules Preparation
RULES FOR WORKSHEET:
• Follow a designated format (Legal Size)
• Handwritten
• Submit the Activity in PDF format scanned by CamScanner (App)
• Submit to my Email : laron.lydarocelle@Isabela.uphsl.edu.ph
• Email Subject: Subject code-Student Name-Activity/Assignment No.-
Date ex. (PHM220L - Laron Lyda - Activity #1 - 08/27/22)
• Compile the Hardcopy in a Long Morocco Clear Folder