Chemical Technology

(2019-2020)
Oxygen and Nitrogen
Flow chart for on site Air separation unit

From Shreve’s Chemical process industries by George T. Austin

Diagramme of Linde double column and main
condenser

From Shreve’s Chemical process industries by George T. Austin

 Reforming of Hydrocarbon by steam

• Chemicals Reaction
Reforming of preperation of synthetic gas containing H2 with or without CO

From Drydens outlines of chemical industries

 Solvay Process

Chemical Process involved

From Drydens outlines of chemical industries

Manufacture of Soda Ash by Solvay process

From Drydens outlines of chemical industries

Rotatory Vacuum filter Drum
Chlor-Alkali Industries

From Drydens outlines of chemical industries

Electrolytic cells

From Drydens outlines of chemical industries

Manufacture of Chlorine and sodium hydroxide by electrolytic process

From Drydens outlines of chemical industries

 Sulphur Industries
Frasch Process
Frasch Process

From Drydens outlines of chemical industries

Question 1

The diagram below shows some processes that take place during the
industrial manufacture of sulphuric (VI) acid

i) Write the equation for the reaction in which sulphur (VI) oxide gas is
produced
ii) Why is it necessary to keep the gases pure and dry?
iii) Describe the process that takes place in chamber G
iv) Name the gases that escape into environment
 Question 2

The flowchart below shows some of the processes involved in large scale
production of sulphuric (IV) acid. Use it to answer the questions that
follow.

a) Describe how oxygen is obtained from air on a large scale.

b) i) Name substance A
ii) Write an equation for the process that takes in the absorption chamber
 Question 3

The diagram below shows the Frasch process used for extraction of sulphur. Use
it to answer the questions that follow.

i) Identify X.
ii) Why is it necessary to use super heated water in this process?
iii) State two physical properties of sulphur that makes it possible for it to be
extracted by this method
 Question 4

The diagram below represents the extraction of sulphur by Frasch process

a) Name the substance that passes through tube;

I.
II.
b) What is the purpose of hot compressed air in the process?
Claus Process

From Drydens outlines of chemical industries

Claus Process

Ref- Surface Production Operations (Third

Edition), Volume 2, 2014
Claus Process

Ref -Surface Production Operations (Third

Edition), Volume 2, 2014
Contact Process

From Drydens outlines of chemical industries

Contact Process
Process of manufacture of sulphuric acid:
Contact Process
1. Pyrite or sulphur burner:
It is a furnace in which sulphur or iron pyrite are burnt in presence of air to get SO2.
S+ O2 ——-> SO2
4FeS2 + 11O2 —–> 2Fe2O3+ 8SO2
2. Dust chamber :
Mixture of impure SO2 and air obtained from pyrite burner is passed in dust chamber. Stream is passed from the top then dust particles present
in the gaseous mixture settle down.
3. Cooler or cooling pipes:
Mixture of SO2 and air is passed through cooling pipes and cooled to 1000 C. The gaseous mixture is passed to washing tower.
4. Washing tower:
It is a lead tower packed with stone pieces. In this tower H2O is spread from the top. The dust particle present are settled down and water
soluble impurities get dissolved and removed. The gaseous mixture is send to drying tower.
5. Drying tower:
In this tower, concentrated H2SO4 is spread from the top and moisture present in the wet gaseous mixture is absorbed by concentrated H 2SO4.
The gaseous mixture is now taken into arsenic purifier.
6. Arsenic purifier:
It is a tower filled with ferric hydroxide. It absorbs compound of arsenic such as As 2O3 present as impurity. Dry and arsenic free gaseous mixture
is taken into test box.
7. Test box:
It is a empty box in which light is passed. Pure gaseous mixture is transparent and no dust particles are visible then gaseous mixture is pure and
taken into converter.
8. Converter or contact chamber:
It is an iron tower packed with Pt or V2O5 catalyst. The temperature of catalyst is 400 – 450 0 in presence of catalyst. SO2 is oxidised by air into
SO3. The heat liberated during the reaction maintains the temperature of the catalyst.
2SO2 + O2 <——-> 2SO3 + 45.2 K.Calorie
9. Absorption tower:
SO3 obtained from converter is taken in absorption tower. In this tower, concentration H2SO4 is spread from the top. Tower is packed with stones
or quartz pieces. Concentrated H2SO4 absorbs SO3 and forms oleum which is diluted with H2O to get H2SO4 of required concentration.
SO3 + H2SO4 —–> H2S2O7 (oleum or fuming sulphuric acid)
H2S2O7 + H2O —–> 2H2SO4