Internship

Report
Brief report for
internship at NHA
Regional Office

1.Syed Moosa Raza Hussain

CE-18188 (Civil Engineering)
hussain4103591@cloud.neduet.edu.pk
 Executive Summary
An Internship program is the fundamental part of any college degree program through which
students tend to learn the professional and industrial ethics and to learn how to behave in a corporate
environment. I felt the need to do an internship in my third year to truly grasp the theoretical concepts of
civil engineering, and find out the most relevant field coherent to my interests. I applied through theNHA
official internship program 2022. This internship was an opportunity to explore the domain of transportation
and infrastructure development. I was responsible to resolve design and construction complaints from
contractor. I was also tasked to design a trumpet interchange for M-9 Motorway. This helped me improve
my designing skills and also allowed me to implement the standards from AASHTO Green Book.
Moreover, my supervisor provided assignments to make presentations and reports for different design
components. All this helped me clarify my concepts and imbued an inclination toward this field of study.
 Acknowledgment
I would like to extend my acknowledgment on the efforts of my supervisor Ms Shaista Jabeen
Abbasi. She was a true mentor and an inspiration.
 Chapter 1

1. Introduction
The internship is a program whose primary purpose for the interns is to gain experience in the
Industry environment to which the internee belongs, this provides the internee with practical knowledge,
experience, and sufficient networks to begin his/her career. NED University has a mandatory internship
program for Undergraduate students whose primary purpose is to enable students to get practical experience
from Industry. The guidelines for the internship program are set by Pakistan Engineering Council and are
executed by each respective University in its manner. Currently, engineers must do 8 weeks of internship
work to obtain UG degree as per PEC.

1.1. National Highway Authority

The National Highway Authority (NHA) was established in 1991 by an act of the Parliament and
is responsible for the planning, development, operation, maintenance, and repair of National Highways and
Strategic Roads that have been specifically delegated to it by the Federal Government, a Provincial
Government, or another relevant authority.

39 national highways, motorways, expressways, and vital routes totaling 12,131 km are under the
care of NHA. It makes up just 4.6% of Pakistan's total national road network or 263,775 km, but it carries
80% of the country's commercial traffic, with N-5, the nation's main thoroughfare, carrying 65% of the
load.

1.2. M-9 Project

In Pakistan, Karachi and Hyderabad are connected via the Super Highway. The highway in
Pakistan's Sindh province will be upgraded to a six-lane motorway at an estimated cost of PKR 9 billion.

The 136km long proposed freeway, also known as M-9, will be built using a build-operate-transfer
(BOT) model. Bina Puri Holdings, a Malaysian business, received the project's 24.93 billion Pakistani rupee
value award in January 2012. The terminus of Mohammad Ali Jinnah Road, which is situated on the
northern edge of Karachi, marks the beginning of the current four-lane freeway. The Karachi Northern
Bypass and the highway are connected at the beginning by a trumpet interchange.

After leaving Karachi, the road travels northeast before coming to an intersection with the national
route N-5. After Hyderabad, in the suburb of Kotri, at a cloverleaf interchange, the highway merges with
N-5 through a link road. Over the course of two years, the four-lane freeway will be upgraded to a six-lane
roadway. The motorway will have 11 interchanges, 10 pedestrian underpasses, and 12 sets of toll booths.
It is planned to be fully modernized.

Chapter 2

2. Execution
2.1. Experience with NHA
The experience was prestigious and helped increase my knowledge regarding design and analyzing
geometric plans. I was able to introduce myself to good people like Mr. Tarqi Khoker Deputy in
Engineering Associates consulting firm. The instructor and mentor at NHA were very wise and kept me
occupied with tasks and study plans. On the first day, I was able to build my knowledge about different
components of bridges, types of culverts, and types of causeways. In the second week, I was entrusted with
the task to design an interchange (trumpet interchange). This led me to read and understand the AASHTO
Green Book Standards very deeply. Moreover, Civil 3D was the software I was able to practice on. I first
explored the surroundings of the interchange on Google Earth.

While designing the interchange, I was able to measure and appropriately dimension the auxiliary
lane. The next task was to create a KMZ file and import it into Google Earth.
 Soon after I was guided to read the plans, project agreements, and design files. This helped me gain
information about the project dynamics, the important landmarks, the type of work left, etc. There was a
field survey scheduled just before the Ramadan Break. That was a very successful endeavor. This field visit

was useful as it allowed me to see how the pavements were laid out, and how the culverts were being
constructed.

2.2. Skill Attainment

 Skills for design like Civil 3D, and Google Earth
 Analysis of drawing files and pavement design
 Understanding project agreement
 Oversee the implementation of design and construction
 Learning to read and understand research papers
 Enhanced Practical Knowledge of the Industrial environment.
 Improved communication, management, Human engineering, and technical knowledge
and skills.
 Improved Industry-wide connections
 Enhanced knowledge about the construction industry environment especially in Karachi.
Table 1: Pavement failure Table

S.no Distress Distress Type Pavement Type Definition Cause Pro-Active measures
1 Fatigue Cracking Flexible Pavement Aka alligator cracks are Too little pavement There are two sealing methods,
interconnected cracks that thickness, including filling cracks routing and
resemble an alligator. The cracking overloading, or a sealing cracks Standard Activity 209,
occurs due to the load-related combination of these Sealing Cracks with Crumb Rubber
deterioration resulting from a factors Material. The selection of sealing
weakened base course or subgrade and filling methods depends on how
the cracks move and crack
deterioration. Routing provides a
pool of sealant o adhere better and
provide a smooth surface
2 Block Cracking Flexible Pavement Large rectangular cracks on asphalt Due to Shrinkage of Routing Technique( The major
pavement. This type of cracking is Asphalt Pavement objective of routing is to provide a
typically covered a large area and due to temperature uniform and smooth-edged
may over in the area where no cycles rectangular reservoir to let the
traffic. sealant material adhere better with
the asphalt pavement and for
allowing the sealant level to remain
below the pavement surface, which
protects the sealant from traffic and
Cracking snowplow damage
3 Edge Cracking Flexible Pavement Occurs within one or two feet off Lack of support at
the outer edge of a pavement pavement Edge
4 Longitudinal Cracks Flexible Pavement Run Parallel to Centerline Poorly Constructed
joints, Shrinkage of
the Asphalt layer,
cracks reflecting up
from an underlying
layer, and
longitudinal
segregation due to
improper
Preparation of
Asphalt mix z
5 Traverse Cracking Flexible Pavement Occurs Roughly perpendicular to the Caused due to
centerline of the pavement. shrinkage of the
asphalt layer or
reflection from
existing old
pavement
6 Reflecting Cracking Flexible Pavement These are found in locations where Due to the
the road is overlaid by another movement of old
pavement layer. They are formed pavement
over joints for cracks
7 Slippage Cracking Flexible Pavement Are crescent-shaped cracks that Caused due to forces
form because of low-strength resulting from
asphalt mix or a poor bond between turning or breaking
permanent layers motion of vehicles
8 Rutting Flexible Pavement The depression formed on the These ruts like
surface is called rutting. This is depressions are
formed in the wheel path surface. evident after rain.
Where these
depressions would
be filled with water,
weak asphalt mix,
lack of compaction,
insufficient
pavement thickness
Shoving Flexible Pavement A form of plastic movement that is caused due by
seen in the form of the wave is intense horizontal
called shoving distress. These are stresses example in
also observed perpendicular to the intersections
Distortion Cracking direction of the traffic.
Depressions Flexible Pavement Aka Bird-bath, are localized low caused due to
spots in the pavement surface settlement of the
lower pavement
layer or by poor
construction
Upheaval Flexible Pavement The swelling distress is . The main reason
characterized by the upward bulge behind swelling in
in the pavement surface. Surface the flexible
cracking is the next series of distress pavement is the
that is seen after swelling frost action in the
subgrade.
Patch Failure Flexible Pavement Characterized when the road is insufficient overlay
patched, some stress is born within mix, improper
the overlay and overlaying technique
Pothole Flexible Pavement Road surfaces where a portion of Mainly due to
the same has broken away, disrupt pavement fatigue
Disintegration by forming a pothole. These are also and freeing and
called kettles. In the Western thawing action.
Moreover, patches
 United States, these are known as and cracks are
chuckholes. starting points for
the potholes
Raveling Flexible Pavement The dislodgement of aggregate Aggregates are
particles will disintegrate the hot sometimes coated
mixed asphalt progressively from with dust particles
the surface in a downward that result in a lack
direction. This failure is called of bonding. This will
raveling. This dislodgement is the make the aggregate
loss of bonding between the bind with the dust
aggregate particles and the asphalt rather than the
binder. binder
Polished Aggregates Flexible Pavement Some polished aggregates are Improper aggregate
susceptible to wearing to a smooth selection, or over
finish or texture under traffic. These smoothing
Aggregates should not be used in
wearing courses. The roughness
must be restored
Bleeding Flexible Pavement The phenomenon of the formation Excessive asphalt
of a film of asphalt binder over the binder in the mix.
surface of the pavement surface is Excessive application
Skidding hazard called bleeding. The occurrence of of the binder during
bleeding will give a shiny glass-like surface treatment.
reflecting surface. The layer will Lower air void
have bubbles which are seen as content - no
blisters. The asphalt binder formed adequate voids for
will be sticky in nature. The filling of the bitumen to
asphalt binder into the aggregate penetrate
voids during hot weather conditions
and their expansion in later
situations will result in bleeding.
 3. Conclusion
The prime objective of the internship was to gain experience in the industrial working environment
and overall improvement in the inter/intra personal domains of my personality which was achieved through
working at NHA and prepared me for the upcoming challenges of my career.