ASME Sec VIII Div 2:

4.1.2 MINIMUM THICKNESS REQUIREMENTS

Except for the special provisions listed below, the minimum thickness permitted for shells and heads, after forming
and regardless of product form and material, shall be 1.6 mm (0.0625 in.) exclusive of any corrosion allowance.
Exceptions
are:
(a) This minimum thickness does not apply to heat transfer plates of plate-type heat exchangers.
(b) This minimum thickness does not apply to the inner pipe of double pipe heat exchangers nor to pipes and tubes
that are enclosed and protected by a shell, casing or ducting, where such pipes or tubes are DN 150 (NPS 6) and
less. This
exemption applies whether or not the outer pipe or shell is constructed to Code rules. All other pressure parts of
these heat exchangers that are constructed to Code rules must meet the 1.6 mm (0.0625 in.) minimum thickness
requirements.

4.1.3 MATERIAL THICKNESS REQUIREMENTS

4.1.3.3 Pipe Undertolerance. If pipe or tube is ordered by its nominal wall thickness, the manufacturing
undertolerance
on wall thickness shall be taken into account. After the minimum wall thickness is determined, it shall be increased
by an amount sufficient to provide the manufacturing undertolerance allowed in the pipe or tube specification.

Table 4.1.1
Design Loads:
P Internal or external specified design pressure

D Deadweight of the vessel, contents, and appurtenances at the location of interest, including the following:
• Weight of vessel including internals, supports (e.g., skirts, lugs, saddles, and legs), and appurtenances
(e.g., platforms, ladders, etc.)
• Weight of vessel contents under design and test conditions
• Refractory linings, insulation
• Static reactions from the weight of attached equipment, such as motors, machinery, other vessels, and
piping
• Transportation loads (the static forces obtained as equivalent to the dynamic loads experienced during
normal operation of a transport vessel [see 1.2.1.3(b)])
L • Appurtenance live loading
• Effects of fluid flow, steady state or transient
• Loads resulting from wave action
E Earthquake loads [see 4.1.5.3(b)]
W Wind loads [see 4.1.5.3(b)]
Ss Snow loads
F Loads due to deflagration

Table 4.1.3
Load Factor, β = 3.0 for class 1 {design by rule} ; =2.4 for class 1 {design by analysis}

4.1.13 NOMENCLATURE
Pb = primary bending stress (see Part 5)
Pm = general primary membrane stress (see Part 5)
PT = selected hydrostatic or pneumatic test pressure [see 8.2.1(c)]
S = allowable stress from Annex 3-A at the design temperature
SB = allowable stress from Annex 3-A at the design temperature for the base plate at the design temperature
SC = allowable stress from Annex 3-A at the design temperature for the cladding or, for the weld overlay, the
allowable
stress of the wrought material whose chemistry most closely approximates that of the cladding at the design
temperature
SPS = allowable primary plus secondary stress at the design temperature
Sy = yield strength at the test temperature evaluated in accordance with Annex 3-D
β = elastic–plastic load factor for Class 1 or Class 2 construction (see Table 4.1.3)
βT = test condition load factor for hydrostatic or pneumatic test and for Class 1 or Class 2 construction (see Table
4.1.3)
γmin = minimum test condition load factor for hydrostatic or pneumatic test and for Class 1 or Class 2 construction
(see Table 4.1.3)
γSt/S = test condition load factor considering the ratio of the allowable stress at the test condition to the allowable
stress at the design condition for hydrostatic or pneumatic test and for Class 1 or Class 2 construction (see
Table 4.1.3)
ΩP = load factor for pressure when combined with occasional load L, Ss , W, or E (see Table 4.1.1 for load parameter
definitions)
= 1.0 unless otherwise specified in the User’s Design Specification [see 2.2.3.1(e)]
ΩPP = maximum anticipated operating pressure (internal or external) acting simultaneously with occasional load L,
Ss , W, or E

4.1.6 DESIGN ALLOWABLE STRESS