CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL DISORDERS

Classification is a process by which complex phenomena are organized into

categories, classes or ranks so as to bring together those things that most resemble each other
and to separate those that differ.
Purpose of Classification
 Makes generally acceptable diagnosis.
 Provides effective communication between psychiatrists, other doctors and
professionals.
 Makes generalizations in treatment response, course and prognosis of individual
patients.
 Makes framework for research in psychiatry.
There are 2 main classifications in psychiatry.
I. ICD (1992)- International Classification of Disease
II. DSM-5 (2013)- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
International Classification of Disease
It classifies psychiatric disorders as mental and behavioral disorders and codes them
on an alphanumeric system from F00 to F99.
Code Group Example of Disorders
F00-F09 Organic including  Alzheimer’s disease
symptomatic mental  Pick’s
disorder  Parkinson’s
 Delirium
 Dementia
F10-F19 Mental and Behavioral  Due to alcohol
disorder due to  Due to opioids, cocaine etc.
Psychoactive substance
abuse
F20-F29 Schizophrenia, schizotypal  Schizophrenia
and delusional disorder  Schizotypal
 Persistent delusional disorder
 Schizoaffective disorders
F30-F39 Mood affective disorder  Manic episode
 Bipolar affective disorder
 Depressive episode
F40-F48 Neurotic, stress related and  Hypochondriacal disorder
somatoform disorder  Panic and anxiety disorder
F50-F59 Behavioral syndromes  Eating disorder
associated with  Sleeping disorder
physiological disturbances  Premature ejaculation
and physical factors
F60-F69 Disorders of adult  Personality disorder
personality and behavior  Habit and impulse disorder
  Trans-sexualism
 Fetishism
F70-F79 Mental retardation  Mental retardation
F80-F89 Disorders of psychological  Developmental disorder of motor
development function
 Childhood autism
 Specific spelling disorder
 Mixed specific developmental disorder
F90-F98 Behavioral and emotional  Hyperkinetic disorders
disorders with onset usually  Conduct disorders
occurring in childhood and  Tics
adolescence
F99 Unspecified mental disorder  Not applicable

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

DSM-5 was published on May 18, 2013. Until now DSM has organized clinical
assessment into five areas or axes, addressing the different aspects and impact of any
disorder. The five axes of DSM IV are:
AXIS I : Clinical psychiatric disorder
AXIS II : Personality disorder and mental retardation
AXIS III : General medical conditions
AXIS IV : Psychosocial and environmental problems
AXIS V : Global assessment of functioning in current and past one year
 This system was introduced to help guide clinical assessment and ensure adequate attention
to all mental disorders.
 But serious problems emerged which have had negative consequences for clinicals, patients
and researchers alike.
 To address these issues, DSM-5 uses unified system of clinical assessment that is aligned
with international classification systems.
The diagnostic criteria and codes in DSM-5 are as follow:
1.2.1 Neurodevelopmental disorders
1.2.2 Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
1.2.3 Bipolar and related disorders
1.2.4 Depressive disorders
1.2.5 Anxiety disorders
1.2.6 Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
1.2.7 Trauma and stressor related disorders
1.2.8 Dissociative disorders
1.2.9 Somatic symptom and related disorder
1.2.10 Feeding and eating disorders
1.2.11 Sleep-wake disorders
1.2.12 Sexual dysfunctions
 1.2.13 Gender dysphoria
1.2.14 Disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorders
1.2.15 Substance related and addictive disorders
1.2.16 Neurocognitive disorders
1.2.17 Paraphilic disorders
1.2.18 Personality disorders

Indian Classification of Psychiatric Disorders

This was introduced in India by Neki(1963), Wig and Singer(1967), Vahia(1961) and
Varma(1971).
A. Psychosis
B. Neurosis
C. Special Disorders
A. Psychosis

Functional Affective Organic

a) Schizophrenia a) Mania a) Acute
 Simple Schizophrenia b) Depression b) Chronic
 Heberphrenic Schizophrenia
 Catatonic Schizophrenia
 Paranoid Schizophrenia

B. Neurosis
 Anxiety neurosis
 Depressive neurosis
 Hysterical neurosis
 Obsessive compulsive neurosis
 Phobic neurosis

C. Special Disorders
 Childhood disorders
 Conduct disorders
 Emotional disorders
 Personality disorders
 Sociopath
 Psychopath
 Substance abuse
 Alcohol abuse
 Drug abuse
 Psychophysiological disorders
 Asthma
 Psoriasis
 Mental retardation
 Mild
 Moderate
 Severe
 Profound