What are main features of the von Neumann model?

Store data and program in memory

What is the difference (hardware, software) between computer
generations?
Hardware is a physical component of computers that executes the instruction
Software is a program that enables users to interact with the computer, its hardware.

What is the role of CPU in the computer?

The main role of the CPU is to process all the data such as calculating the difficult task in seconds,
executing the instructions

How does the CPU perform a instruction?

In general, a CPU executes an instruction by fetching it from memory, using its ALU to
perform an operation, and then storing the result to memory.
What distinguishes between RAM and ROM?
RAM is volatile memory that temporarily stores the files you are working on. ROM is non-
volatile memory that permanently stores instructions for your computer.
Why can the cache memory increase a the computer's
performance?
cache memory stores instructions the processor may require next, which can then be retrieved
faster than if they were held in RAM
How to control input/output subsystems in a computer?
Hardware is cpu
Software is operating system
What is the difference between RISC and CISC in the design of
computer architecture?
RISC-based machines execute one instruction per clock cycle. In a CISC processor, each
instruction performs so many actions that it takes several clock cycles to complete.
What is the role of number system in a computer?
 helps in representing the numbers in a small symbol set

How to convert a number in the number system (2,8,16,10) to other number syste

How different data is stored inside the computer as bit patterns?

All data types are transformed into a uniform representation when they are stored in a computer
and transformed back to their original form when retrieved. (encrypt)

How to operate on data stored in a computer using bit patterns?

Decode bit patterns

How does a computer network work?

Computer networking refers to interconnected computing devices that can exchange data and share resources with
each other.

What is the role of TCP/IP protocol suite and their relationship.

is the set of communications protocols used in the Internet 
IP is the part that obtains the address to which data is sent. TCP is responsible for data delivery
once that IP address has been found.
What is the role OS in a computer?
is an interface between the hardware of a computer and the user
is a program (or a set of programs) that facilitates the execution of other programs.
a general manager supervising the activity of each component in the computer system.
How to manage the memory in the OS?
Monoprogramming
Multiprogramming
How to schedule multi processings in the OS?
To handle multiple processes and jobs, the process manager uses queues (waiting lists)
The relationship between a program, a job and a process becomes clearer
Prevent mutipli process from deadlock and starvation
What is the device Manager? What does user do with device manager?
is responsible for access to input/ output devices
How to solve a problem in computer?
Algorithm is step by step to solve problem in computer
How to use three constructs—sequence, selection, and repetition for solving a problem?
Buiding algorithm that proper with this task to solving problem
What applications can apply search algorithms, sort algorithms?
Sort array, sort string, search elements in array.

How a program in a high-level language is translated into machine language using an interpreter?
Interpretation refers to the process of translating each line of the source program into the
corresponding line of the object program and executing the line.
A compiler normally translates the whole source program into the object program.
Is the choosing a suite programming paradigm importance? why?
is a way in which a computer language looks at the problem to be solved.

What is the software lifecycle in software engineering?

Software Development Life Cycle, is a set of steps used to create software applications.

the development process flows in only one direction.In waterfall model overlapping of phases is not
possible.
software is developed in a series of steps divided into more smaller modules

What is abstract data types(ADTs)?

 an abstract data type is a mathematical model for data types (specifically in terms of possible values, possible
operations on data of this type, and the behavior of these operations.)

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What are basic operations on data types: Array, record, list?

Traverse − print all the array elements one by one.

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Insertion − Adds an element at the given index.

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 Deletion − Deletes an element at the given index.

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Search − Searches an element using the given index or by the value.

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Update − Updates an element at the given index.

What applications can apply some data types: STACK, QUEUE, TREE, GRAPH?

Problem solving with a computer means processing data. To process data, we need to define the
data type and the operation to be performed on the data.

The definition of the data type and the definition of the operation to be applied to the data is part of
the idea behind an abstract data type

What is the diference between the text file and binary file?

Bits represent character. Bits represent a custom data.

Can store only plain text in a file. Can store different types of data (image, audio, text) in
a single file

How to read from/write to by using two access methods: sequential access and random access.

A sequential file is one in which records can only be accessed one after another from beginning to end.
an indexed file can relate the account number (key) to the record address
A hashed file uses a mathematical function

What is of data, information?

Data is a collection of facts. Information is how you understand those facts in context.

What is stored in database?

 store information, texts, images, even media files
What is basic concept of the relationship data model?
Relation
Attributes.
Tuples.

What are security goals?

 confidentiality, availability, integrity, accountability, and assurance.