SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS

IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
Quarter 2 – Module 3
Apply the Social Science Ideas and its Importance
in Examining Socio-cultural, Economic, and
Political conditions
Disciplines and Ideas in Social Sciences (DISS)
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 11: (Apply the social science ideas and its importance in
examining socio-cultural, economic, and political conditions)
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Melfa B. Lajera – SHS Teacher
Editor: Ramil Escaso, PhD
Reviewer: Alvin H. Alleluya
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Bianito Dagatan, Division Schools Superintendent, SDO- Bohol
Casiana P. Caberte, PhD, OIC-ASDS
Marina S. Salamanca, PhD, CESO VI, ASDS
Carmela M. Restificar, EPSvr. Kindergarten, OIC CID Chief
Jupiter I. Maboloc, PhD, EPS Araling Panlipunan
Josephine D. Eronico, PhD, EPSvr. LRMDS
 What I Need to Know

In this module, we are going to examine the application of Social Science Ideas
and Principles as movement in the 21st Century, their contributions to the Philippine
society and its importance and relevance to the community. Socio-Cultural, Economic,
and Political are the basic references of application of the theories in Social Science.
In this module you will apply the social science ideas of Psychoanalysis,
Rational Choice, and Institutionalism and its importance in examining socio-cultural,
economic, and political conditions.

Apply the social science ideas of

Psychoanalysis, Rational Choice and
Lesson
Institutionalism and their Importance in
1 Examining Socio-cultural, Economic, and
Political conditions

What’s New

Pedro’s monthly salary is P 10,000. He is married with two siblings. Shown below is
his monthly budget.

Pedro's Budget in pesos Your Desired Budget

Food 1,000.00
Utilities 2,000.00
Travel Expenses 4,000.00
Allowances for children 2,500.00
Savings 500.00
Total 10,000.00

Answer the following questions below.

1. Do you agree on how Pedro budgets his money?

2. If you are given a chance to spend the P 10,000.00, how much would you
allocate each of the given expenditures? Use the this column in answering.
3. What factor/s did you consider?
 What is It

Psychoanalysis
The Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality is an idea that the personality of an
individual will develop in a series of stages. Each stage is characterized by certain and
very specific internal psychological conflicts. On the other hand, this theory is
dependent on the definition of the three elements of personality structure.

 ID: This part of a person’s personality is driven by an internal and basic drive.
It is essentially a need for self-survival and replication. This means the needs
of the id are based on instinct: thirst, hunger, or a desire to have sex would all
be considered part of this element of personality. The decisions within this
element are often impulsive.
 EGO: This part of the personality is driven by reality. It is the balance between
the instinctual form of personality and the moral form of personality. The ego,
according to Freud, rationalizes the urges and instincts of the individual and
separates what is real from the restrictions that societal groups place upon
individuals.

 SUPEREGO: This personality element is driven by morality principles. It is

where people are able to connect with logic and other forms of higher thought
or action. Instead of making a decision that is based on instinct, an individual
engaged with their superego would make a judgment on write or wrong and use
guilt or shame to encourage behaviors that are socially acceptable in
themselves or in others.
This theory is also being applied in socio-cultural, economic, and political
conditions considering the situations or actions that may manifest or show to
an individual.

Examples:

Situations/Actions that a Stages Aspect or Explanation

person may Conditions
manifest/show of Society

A child is telling to his/her Ego Socio- Ego since the child is

playmates “This is my toy! Cultural portraying self-centered
This is not yours!” behavior/action.
 Socio-cultural since it is
mostly the culture of
children.
Mrs. Fayie went to the Superego Economic Superego since the
Department Store. Instead of decision is driven by
buying her favorite morality principle.
expensive necklace, she
Economic since banking is
opted to save the money in
a major economic activity.
the bank.
Ms. Vine run for Mayor in her Superego Political Superego since the
town because she really decision is driven by
wanted to serve though she morality principle.
is less popular compared to
Political because running
other candidates.
for an election is a political
concern.

Rational Choice
Rational choice theory states that individuals use their self-interests to make
choices that will provide them with the greatest benefit. It is defined to mean the
process of determining what options are available and then choosing the most
preferred one according to some consistent criterion. People weigh their options and
make the choice they think will serve them best. In a certain sense, this rational choice
model is already an optimization-based approach. On the other hand, this theory can
apply to a variety of areas, including socio-cultural, economics, and political aspects.
Applications of rational choice theory
 Economics and business: Rational choice theory can explain individual
purchasing behaviors.
 Politics: Rational choice theory can be used to explain voting behaviors, the
actions of politicians and how political issues are handled.
 Socio-cultural: Rational choice theory can explain social phenomena. This is
because all social change and institutions occur because of individual actions.
Example:
Situation Aspect/Condition Explanation
My mother is cooking food Economic Buying food is much more
at home rather than taking costly compared to
an order from a fast food cooking their own food. It
chain in order to save falls under economic
money. aspect since it involves a
wise decision whether to
 purchase or not for a
certain good/product.
Mr. Jeffrey won the Political It involves a decision
election by using making regarding politics;
promotional campaigns the views in which people
that touches the people’s are more attached to
emotions rather than candidate who has a big
based on rational heart.
analysis.
Ms. Kimberly decided to Socio-cultural Knowing that we all know
abstain from smoking that society promotes that
because for her it is “Smoking is dangerous to
dangerous to health. your health”

Institutionalism

Institutions provide the rules, guidelines, and structure needed to carry out
everyday activities. The main job of an institution is to regulate three parts of the
society: economy, politics, and ideologies. Institutions have also two types: the formal
and the informal institutions. Formal institutions are those officially established in one
way or another, often by the government whereas informal institutions are not officially
established but are practices commonly accepted throughout society. It also applies
to socio-cultural, economic, and political conditions in society where we belong.
Application of Institutionalism in the society to the field of politics, economics,
and socio-cultural in the Philippines
Politics:

 Political Party (e.g. PDP-LABAN, Nacionalista Party, Lakas-CMD, Nationalist

People’s Coalition, etc.)- a group of persons organized to acquire and exercise
political power. Its function is to mobilize the growing mass of voters as the
means of political control.
 Partylist System - is a mechanism of proportional representation in the election
of representatives to the House of Representatives from national, regional and
sectoral parties or organizations or coalitions thereof registered with the
Commission on Elections (COMELEC).

Economic

 NEDA - The National Economic and Development Authority (Filipino:

Pambansang Pangasiwaan sa Kabuhayan at Pagpapaunlad), abbreviated as
NEDA, is an independent cabinet-level agency of the Philippine government
responsible for economic development and planning.
  DOF - The Department of Finance (DOF) is responsible for the management of
the government's financial resources. Its duties include policy formulation,
revenue generation, resource mobilization, debt management,
and financial market development.
 DPWH- The Department of Public Works and Highways has implemented
BUILD-BUILD-BUILD Program which is the centerpiece program of the Duterte
administration that aims to usher the “Golden age of infrastructure” in the
Philippines. Lack of infrastructure has long been cited as the “Achilles' heel” of
Philippine economic development.

Socio-Cultural

 DSWD – The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) has a

4Ps Program - The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) which is a
human development measure of the national government that provides
conditional cash grants to the poorest of the poor, to improve the health,
nutrition, and the education of children aged 0-18. It is patterned after the
conditional cash transfer (CCT) schemes in Latin American and African
countries, which have lifted millions of people around the world from poverty.
 NCAA – The National Commission for Culture and the Arts in the Philippines is
the overall policy making body, coordinating, and grants giving agency for the
preservation, development and promotion of Philippine arts and culture and is
responsible in effectively and efficiently achieving the implementation of cultural
programs as well as maximizing of resources.

What I Have Learned

Direction: Answer the questions from each scenario given below.

Situation 1: Melanie wanted to borrow her younger sister’s necklace, but she
knew that her sister would be angry if she took it without asking, so she asked
permission to her sister first if she could wear it.
b. What stage of personality structure is being portrayed on this
scenario?
c. What aspect was shown?

Situation 2: Mr. Harry voted the late Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago as
President during the 2015 National Election even though he knew that the said
candidate was not in the highest rank in poll surveys.
a. What aspect of social ideas being shown
by Mr. Harry?
b. Does it make him rational?
 Situation 3: Ms. Grace saw a P 1,000 bill lying on the floor with no one around
it. She got it and turned into the school office in case anyone came looking for
it despite of the fact that she had no money to buy foods.
a. What social theory was being presented?
b. Are there stages of personality mentioned?
c. What aspect/condition of society was shown?

What I Can Do

Direction: Scenario Analysis. Read carefully each of the given the scenario. Make
judgements by answering the questions that follow in order to be supported with the
theories in the decision making. The first scenario is given as an example for your
guidance.

Sample Scenario: Your mother gave you P 2,000 to purchase groceries in the mall.
While at the mall, you saw your favorite shoes was on sale. What will you do? What
theory was shown? What aspect or condition of society displayed?
Possible Answer:
Do not buy the shoes because the money is intended for groceries which are your
family’s basic needs. (Rational Choice- Economic)
Answer this!
Scenario: Richel, your bestfriend for a decade wanted to run as SSG President in your
school. However, deep in your heart you are also aspiring to the said position. What
will you do? Why?
What social theory and aspect will you show?

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. It is one of the aspects of Rational choice theory which explains the purchasing
behavior of an individual.
A. Economic aspect C. Political aspect
B. Socio-cultural aspect D. Cultural aspect
2. It is a human development measure of the national government that provides
conditional cash grants to the poorest of the poor, to improve the health, nutrition,
and the education of children aged 0-18.
A. NEDA C. 4Ps Program
B. DOF D. DSWD
3. It is defined to mean the process of determining what options are available and then
choosing the most preferred one according to some consistent criterion.
A. Rational Choice C. Institutionalism
B. Psychoanalysis D. All of the above
4. It is a group of persons organized to acquire and exercise political power.
A. Electoral Party C. Partylist System
B. Political Party D. COMELEC
5. The agency mandated to develop, implement, and coordinate social protection and
poverty-reduction solutions for and with the poor, vulnerable, and disadvantaged.
A. NEDA C. 4Ps Program
B. DOF D. DSWD
6. It is used to explain the voting behavior of an individual.
A. Economic C. Social
B. Political D. Cultural
7. Mr. Henry saves money to buy a luxury car instead of acquiring a loan from bank
for buying such. What aspect of society is shown by him?
A. Economic C. Socio-cultural
B. Political D. None of the above
8. Ms. Julita teaches her children the good manners and right conduct at home
because she believes that home is the best place to learn. What
A. Economic C. Socio-cultural
B. Political D. All of the above
9. Your godmother gave you P 500 bill. Instead of buying your favorite phone case,
you opted to buy goods for your family. What social theory and aspect of society do
you portray?
A. Rational- Economic
B. Rational- Political
C. Psychoanalysis- Economic
D. Psychoanalysis-Socio-cultural

10. Which of the following statements has a rational-political view?

A. Mr. Bong uses his savings on his school project instead of asking money
from his parents.
B. Ms. Anne gives P 2,000 to her close friend as financial support on her
electoral campaign as candidate for town’s mayor.
C. Ms. Marianne Mae invests her money to a bank and donates some to those
who hit the typhoon.
D. Mr. Gedel opts to use emotional marketing rather than a rational analysis
in the election campaign in order to win the said election.