19s top down authority, The real authority vests at the top. tof organization. But authority is requited at every level of wepagement to get the things done assigned to them 5} authority ‘Tis type of authority is either due to acceptance by the Tpordinates may be for his/her personal quality or due to fechnieal competence of leadership qualities of a person, Delegation of Authority Delegation of authority is one of the important factors in the process of organizing as well in formal organization, Delegation Bf authority tefers to authorization of a person to make certain decision. To delegate means to grant or confer and delegation means conferring authority from one person to another to ‘accomplish a particular work or activity. It is a small slice of the authority of a line superior. ‘According to Douglas C. Baril delegation refers to ‘a ‘managers ability to share his burden with others. It consists in ‘granting authority or right to decision making in certain defined areas and charging subordinates with responsibility of carrying through an assigned task’ Delegation is the process that makes management possible, because management is the process of getting results accomplished through others. It is not the same as division of work. Division of work permits reduction in the number of objects to which attention and efforts must be directed and has been recognized as the best means of making use of individuals and of groups of people (Henry Fayol) Elements of Delegation The delegation is the process of assigning a part of work or responsibilities along with the grant of authority to operate and then calling to accountability. Basically it brings out three elements: + Assignment of work or duties: Assignment of duties to the subordinates can be done in terms of activity or set of activities and duties can also be described in terms of results that are expected from the performance of activities. Grant of authority: To discharge the assigned duties, it is ‘essential that the required authority must also be assigned. As the responsibility without authority is of no use and authority is purposeless without responsibility. Hence scope of authority allocated to subordinates by superior is. inseparably linked with activities allocated to them, ‘Authority ‘and responsibilty should always be equal’. Creation of accountability: In order to get the good Performance by the subordinates, hold him in that position Tesponsible for the accomplishment of the task or dutles assigned to them. Barriers to Effective Delegation ‘Anumber of factors can be seen in context f both n in context of both superior and ‘subordinates that can block the Process of effective d¢ th are as follows: onion Fundamentals of Organizing and Organization Superior-related factors Following are the situations when the super I tkely to delegate less authority: * Love for authority *+ Lack of fath in subordinates, *+ Fear of exposure Fear of subordinates Strict control Petsonallly of superior Personal perfectionism, Subordinate related factors + Fear of harsh eriicism from superior *+ Lack of self confidence *+ Lack of proper training + Inadequate positive incentives + Easy availability of superior for taking decisions Organizational related factors ca + Small size of organization 2 + Policies of centralization f= * Availabilty of managerial personnel se + Absence of team spirit le + Lack of proper communication system Lack of proper control techniques How to Make the Delegation Effective? Followings are the points that should be taken in order to make delegation effective: * Clarity for delegation in the management philosophy and policies + Proper communication system techniques + Develop appropriate control methods Delegation boundaries need to be defined There should be proper delegation planning i.e. what to delegate, how much to delegate and how far down to delegate * Create awareness for the need of delegation + Create team spirit and establish conducive organizational climate Give proper orientation and training to the subordinates Motivate them Be flexible and have positive attitudes towards subordinates Create climate of trust and confidence, Responsibility Itis defined in terms of duty or activity assigned to an individual {nan organization, Itis not merely duty but an obligation that the duly is performed. It refers to the activities which must be performed to cary out the task assigned. Responsibility can be delegated. It moves downwards In a hierarchy. ‘According to Murls B Hurley ‘Responsibility is the duty to which a person Is bound by reason of his status or task. Such responsibility implies compliance with directives of a person ‘making the intial delegation’. George and R Terry defined it ‘as the obligation of an individual to carry out assigned activities to the best of his ability’. It refers to execution of duties associated @ scanned with Oken Scanner