Chapter – V

Major Findings, Discussion, Conclusion implementation, Limitation,

Recommendation

This chapter deals with major findings of the study, discussion in relation to findings

of other studies, conclusion and implication of the study in relation to Nursing Education,

Nursing Administration and Nursing Research. In addition to this, the limitations of the study

also have been incorporated, followed by suggestion and recommendation for the future

studies.

Major findings of the study

Findings related to demographic variables of mothers and school going children

 Most of the mothers 75% belonged to age group of 24-25 years, 25% belonged to the

age group 26-30 years

 67.5% mothers had 10th class or below level of education, 20% mothers had 12 th class,

and 12.5% mothers had graduate or above level of education.

 62.5% mothers belonged to rural area and 37.5% mothers belonged to urban area

 60% mothers had ≤ 2 children and 40% mothers had >2 children.

 81.25% mothers were Hindu, 12.5% mothers were Muslim and 6.25% mothers were

from other religion.

 62.5% mothers were homemaker and 37.5% mothers were working mother.

 75% mothers had monthly family income <10000, 15% mothers had monthly family

income 10000 – 20000 and 10% mothers had monthly family income ≥20000.

 Most of the children 42.5% belonged to the age group 6-8 years, 41.25% belonged to

the age group 9-10 years, and 16.25% belonged to the age group 11-12 years.

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  For 25% children, the distance of school from the residence was 1 km. For 37.5%

children, the distance of school from the residence was 2 km. For 12.5% children, the

distance of school from the residence was 3 km and for 25% children the distance of

school from the residence was 4 km.

 71.25% children studied in standard 1 – 4 th, and 28.75% children studied in standard

of 5 – 7th.

Findings related to pre-test and post-test level of knowledge regarding behavioral

disorders among mothers of school going children

In pre-test

 75% mothers had good knowledge.

 18.75% mothers had average knowledge and

 Only 6.25% mothers had good knowledge regarding behavioral disorders.

In post-test

 68.75% mothers found to have good knowledge.

 25% mothers found to have average knowledge.

 6.25% mothers found to have poor knowledge.

Therefore, it is found that planned teaching programme was effective.

Findings related pre-test and post-test level of attitude towards behavioral disorders

among mothers of school going children

In pre-test

 37.5% mothers had unfavourable attitude,

 50% mothers had favourable attitude and

 12.5% mothers had most favourable attitude towards behavioral disorders.

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In post-test

 65% mothers found to exhibit favourable attitude,

 25% mothers showed most favourable attitude and

 10% mothers showed unfavourable attitude towards behavioral disorders.

Therefore, it is found that planned teaching programme was effective as there is an

improvement of attitude among mothers of school going children.

Findings related to significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge score

among mothers of school going children.

The mean score of knowledge in pre-test was 37.25 and in post-test the mean score of

knowledge was 64.87. The calculated ‘t’ value between pre-test and post-test knowledge

score was 239.42 which was greater than tabulated ‘t’ value at df 79. Therefore, it can be said

that, there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge score among

the mothers of school going children at 0.05 level of significance.

Findings related to significant difference between pre-test and post-test attitude score

among mothers of school going children.

The mean score of attitude in pre-test was 4.62 and in post-test the mean score of

attitude was 7.32. The calculated ‘t’ value between pre-test and post-test attitude score was

18.42 which was greater than tabulated ‘t’ value at df 79. Therefore, it can be said that, there is

a significant difference between pre-test and post-test attitude score among the mothers of

school going children at 0.05 level of significance.

Findings related to association of post-test knowledge with selected demographic

variables of mothers and school going children

Chi square findings revealed that there was a significant association between post-test

knowledge of mothers and demographic variable like age of the mothers, age of the children,

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educational qualification of mother, number of the children, habitant, monthly income of

family, religion, occupation, standard of child’s study at 0.05 level of significance.

Findings related to association of post-test attitude with selected demographic variables

of mothers and school going children

Chi square findings revealed that there was a significant association between post-test

attitude of mothers and selected demographic variable like age of the mothers, age of the

children, educational qualification of mother, number of the children, habitant, monthly

income of family, religion, occupation, standard of child’s study at 0.05 level of significance.

Hypothesis

All hypotheses are tested at 0.05 level of significance.

H1: There is significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge score regarding

behavioral disorders among the mothers of school going children.

H2: There is significant difference between pre-test and post-test attitude score towards

behavioral disorders among the mothers of school going children.

H3: There is a significant association between post-test knowledge score with selected

demographic variables of mothers and school going children.

H4: There is a significant association between post-test attitude score with selected

demographic variables of mothers and school going children.

Discussion in relation to other studies

The major findings of the present study are discussed by the investigators in relation with the

findings of other studies.

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Discussion related to demographic variables of mothers of school going children

regarding behavioral disorders.

In the present study most of the mothers 75% belong to age group of ≤ 25 years. This

study finding is incongruent with the study conducted by Shaijo K J, Robin Abraham in India

where they found 13.33% mothers belongs to age group 20-24 years. [18]

In the present study 60% mothers had ≤2 children. This finding is partially consistent

with a study, conducted by Shaijo K J, Robin Abraham in India, where they found that

56.66% mothers had 2 children. [18]

In the present study 67.5% mothers had 10 th class or below level of education and

62.5% mothers were homemaker. These findings of the present study are partially consistent

with the study conducted by Sr Simi Ance Xavier, Swapna Mary A, Laishram Dabashini

Devi, Vanitha D’Souza, Priya Janifer Fernandes in India, where they found that 45.1% of

mothers had secondary level of education and 79.1% mothers were homemaker. [22]

In the present study 62.5% mothers belonged to rural area. This finding of the present

study is partially congruent with the study conducted by Ms. Gracelet Melita. S, Ms. Lilly

Prasad, Dr Sathiskumar in India, where they found that 47.2% mothers were from rural area.
[34]

The present study also revealed that, 81.25% mothers were Hindu. This study finding

is congruent with the study conducted by Prof. A. Arvin Babu, Ms. M. Kalaivani, Ms. K.

Sangeetha, Ms. P. Padmavathi, in India, where they found 90% of mothers were from Hindu

religion. [25]

In the present study 75% mothers had monthly family income <10000. The finding of

the present study is incongruent with the study conducted by Mrs. Shashi Kiran, Dr.

Harvinder Kaur in India, where they found 10% mothers had 5001 – 10000 monthly family

income. [50]

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Discussion related to demographic variables of school going children regarding

behavioral disorders.

The present study shows that, 42.5% children belonged to the age group 6 – 8 years.

The finding of the present study is congruent with the study conducted by Nabanita Barman,

Dr. Mridula Saikai Khanikor in Assam where they found 54% children belonged to the age

group 5 – 8 years. [47]

In the present study 71.25% children were study in standard 1 – 4 th. The finding of the

present study is congruent with the study conducted by Nitin Joseph, Ushasta Sinha and

Mariella D’Souza, in India, where they found that 39.3% children were study in 1st standard,

17.7% children were study in 2nd Standard, 18% children were study in 3 rd standard and 8%

children were study in 4th standard. [51]

Discussion related to level of knowledge regarding behavioral disorder among mothers

of school going children.

In the present study 68.75% of mothers had average knowledge. The finding of the

present study is congruent with a study conducted by Ramana Rani, Gurkiran Kaur,

Rajwinder Kaur in India, where they found that 65% mothers had average knowledge

regarding behavioral problem. [35]

Discussion related to assess attitude towards behavioral disorders among mothers of

school going children –

In the present study 65% mothers had favorable attitude which is inconsistent with

the study conducted by Ms. Gracelet Melita. S, Ms. Lilly Prasad, Dr Sathiskumar, in India,

where they found 26.5% mothers had favourable attitude regarding behavioral disorders. [34]

Discussion related to association of knowledge with selected demographic variables –

In the present study chi square findings revealed that, there was significant association

between post-test knowledge score with demographic variables like age of mother, this

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finding is congruent with a study was conducted by Ms. Gracelet Melita. S, Ms. Lilly Prasad,

Dr Sathiskumar in India where they found that there are significant association between

knowledge of mothers and their age. [34]

Discussion related to association of attitude with selected demographic variables –

In present study chi square findings revealed there was significant association

between post-test attitude score with demographic variables like age of mother, education

qualification, age of the child, number of children, habitant, monthly income of family,

religion, occupation, standard in which child’s study. The findings of the present study are

incongruent with a study was conducted by Ms. Gracelet Melita. S, Ms. Lilly Prasad, Dr

Sathiskumar in India where they found that there are no significant association between

attitude of mothers and their demographic variables. [34]

Limitation

The study has following limitations

 The study was conducted for a short duration of time.

 Data was collected from only one setting therefore the study findings cannot be

generalized.

 In this present study non probability sampling technique was adopted, so it cannot be

generalized.

 This study was confined to a small (80) sample size, thus there was restriction in

generalization.

Conclusion

The findings of the present investigation shows that most of the mothers of school

going children participated in the study were having average score which indicates average

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knowledge, some of them are having good score which indicates higher knowledge and some

of them are poor score which indicates lower knowledge.

Implication

The findings of the present study can be applicable in the area of Nursing Education,

Nursing Practice, Nursing Administration and Nursing Research.

Implication for Nursing Education

Education means changing of behavior. The deficit area has to be identified and the

study would provide the guidance to the nursing students for developing intensified health

education program on advantages of early treatment, follow up and for reducing the rate of

behavioral disorders in the school going children. The findings of the study are applicable in

nursing education as an important part of the nursing curriculum consists of knowledge and

attitude regarding behavioral disorders. The study findings suggested that the level of

knowledge and attitude regarding behavioral disorders among mothers of school going

children were increased after giving planned teaching programme.

Implication for Nursing Practice

Nursing practice is now mainly based on holistic care and evidence-based nursing

practice. The role of nurse is changed. They are direct caregiver as well as educator,

counselor, collaborator. The study findings can help nurse to assess level of knowledge and

attitude regarding behavioral disorders. Nurse can encourage and assist the mothers to find

out and manage the behavioral disorders of the children.

Implication for Nursing Administration

Nurse as an administration should take great interest in formulating policies for short-

and long-term health education session. Generally, any pediatric OPD is the most important

provident of health information are nursing personnel who are the good source of

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information. In the hospital mothers are having so many doubts about behavioral disorders of

school going children so nursing administrator must have cultural competency to organize

clinical nursing awareness programme. The nurse should arrange various screening

programme to identify the behavioral disorders in early stage to modify the behavioral

problems. Besides those programmes the nurse can also arrange the awareness programme in

the community to provide knowledge regarding behavioral disorders of school going

children.

Implication for Nursing Research

Nursing researcher can take part to achieve millennium development goal where

improvement of health status of expectant mothers is an important wing. Thousands of people

suffer morbidity, mortality and disability because of deficiency of knowledge. The findings

of the study can be disseminated to the field of child health nursing, community health

nursing, Nurse Practitioners and the student nurses, through internet, journals, literature etc.

The findings of the study will help the professional nurse and nursing students to gain the

knowledge regarding behavioral disorders, its associated factors among mothers of school

going children with behavioral disorders as well as health seeking behavior among them.

There is a scope to conduct further research study in different private, government hospital

setting (indoor and outdoor setting) of West Bengal, among mothers of school going children

to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding behavioral disorders. The result of this study,

tool and methodology used for this study would provide guidelines for further research. The

generalization of the study result can be made by further replication of the study in various

settings and larger population.

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Recommendation

On the basis of the above findings and personal experience of the investigator the

following recommendations are offered:

 A similar study can be conducted on different settings.

 A similar study can be replicated on larger sample for generalization.

 A descriptive study can be conducted on school teachers to assess the knowledge

level regarding behavioral disorders in the school going children.

 A comparative study can be conducted on knowledge and attitude among mothers and

fathers of school going children regarding behavioral disorders.

Summary

This chapter showed the major findings of the study and discussion of the major

finding in relation with other related research studies, limitations of the study, and conclusion

of major findings, implications of the study in aspects of nursing practice, administration,

nursing education, nursing research, and recommendation for other research studies on this

topic.

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