SEMINAR LESSON-3

Vector Space.
1. Name the zero vector for each of these vector spaces.
(a) The space of 2×4 matrices.
(b) The space of degree tree polynomials under the usual operations.
2. List three elements and then show it is a vector space.
!
"
The set !" # # ∈ ℝ% & 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 + 𝑤 = 0} under the operations inherited from ℝ% .
$

3. Show that each of these is not a vector space. (Hint. Check closure by listing two members
of each set and trying some operations on them.)

(a) Under the operations inherited from ℝ& , this set

!
01 # 2
" ∈ ℝ& 3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 15

(a) Under the operations inherited from ℝ& , this set

!
01"#2 ∈ ℝ&3𝑥 ' + 𝑦 ' + 𝑧 ' = 15

4. Prove or disprove that ℝ& is a vector space under these operations.

𝑥( 𝑥' 0 𝑥 𝑟𝑥
(a) 6𝑦( 7 + 6𝑦' 7 = 607 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 "𝑦# = "𝑟𝑦#
𝑧( 𝑧' 0 𝑧 𝑟𝑧

5. Which of these subsets of the vector space of 2×2 matrices are subspaces under the
inherited operations? For each one that is a subspace, parametrize its description. For each
that is not, give a condition that fails.

𝑎 0
(a) {> @ |𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ}
0 𝑏
𝑎 0
(b) {> @ |𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0}
0 𝑏
𝑎 0
(c) {> @ |𝑎 + 𝑏 = 5}
0 𝑏

6. Which of these sets spans ℝ& ? That is, which of these sets has the property that any three-
tall vector can be expressed as a suitable linear combination of the set’s elements?

1 0 0
(a) D607 , 627 , 607G
0 0 3
 2 1 0
(b) D607 , 617 , 607G
1 0 1
1 3
(c) D617 , 607G
0 0
1 3 −1 2
(d) D607 , 617 , 6 0 7 , 617G
1 0 0 5

7. Find a set to span the given subspace of the given space. (Hint. Parametrize each.)
(a) the xz-plane in ℝ&

8. Decide whether each subset of ℝ& is linearly dependent or linearly independent.

1 2 4
(a) D6−37 , 627 , 6−47G
5 4 14
1 2 3
(b) D677 , 677 , 677G
7 7 7

9. Which of these subsets of 𝒫& are linearly dependent and which are independent?
(a) {3 − 𝑥 + 9𝑥 ' , 5 − 6𝑥 + 3𝑥 ' , 1 + 𝑥 − 5𝑥 ' }
(b) {−𝑥 ' , 1 + 4𝑥 ' }