Final - MATH244

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1 1444 I Sem

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King Saud University
College of Sciences
Department of Mathematics
MATH-244 (Linear Algebra); Final Exam; Semester 441
Max. Marks: 40 Time: 3 hours

Name: ID: Section: Signature:

Note: Attempt all the five questions. Scientific calculators are not allowed!

Question 1 [Marks: 5+5]:

I. Choose the correct answer:
(i) If 𝑊 is the subspace {(𝑎‚ 𝑏‚ 𝑐‚ 𝑑) ∈ ℝ : 𝑏 = 𝑎 − 𝑐} of Euclidean space ℝ , then dim(𝑊) is:
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4.
(ii) If 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘(𝐴) = 3 where 𝐴 is a matrix of size 5 × 9, then 𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝐴 ) is:
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 6.
2 4 −3 1
(iii) If 𝜃 is the angle between the matrices 𝐴 = and 𝐵 = with respect to the
−1 3 4 2
inner product < A, B > = trace (A𝐵 ), then 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 is:
a) b) c) d) 0.
√ √
(iv) The value of 𝑘 for which the vectors 𝒖 ∶= (𝑢 = 2‚ 𝑢 = −4) and 𝒗 ∶= (𝑣 = 1‚ 𝑣 = 3)
in ℝ are orthogonal with respect to the inner product 〈𝒖‚𝒗〉 = 2𝑢 𝑣 + 𝑘𝑢 𝑣 is:
a) b) c) d) .
√ √
(v) If 𝐵 = {(2,1)‚ (−3,4)} and 𝐶 = {(1,1)‚ (0,3)} are bases of ℝ , then the transition
matrix BPC from 𝐶 to 𝐵 is:
7 1 7 9 7 9 9 7
a) 11 11 b) 11 11 c) 11 11 d) 11 11 .
9 6 1 6 6 1 1 6
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
II. Determine whether the following statements are true or false; justify your answer.
T T
(i) If 𝐴, 𝐵 ∈ 𝑀 (ℝ), then 𝑑𝑒𝑡 𝐴 𝐵 = 𝑑𝑒𝑡 𝐵 𝐴 .

(ii) A basis for solution space of the following linear system is {(4‚1‚0‚0)‚ (−3‚0‚1‚0)}:
𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 𝑥 = 0
2𝑥 − 8𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 3𝑥 = 0.

(iii) If 𝑊 = {𝐴 ∈ 𝑀 (ℝ): 𝐴 is singular}, then W is vector subspace of 𝑀 (ℝ).

(iv) If 𝑢, 𝑣 and 𝑤 are vectors in an inner product space such that 〈𝑢‚𝑣〉 = 3, 〈𝑣‚𝑤〉 = −5,
〈𝑢‚𝑤〉 = −1 and ‖𝑢‖ = 2, then 〈𝑢 − 2𝑤‚3𝑢 + 𝑣〉 = 25.

(v) If the characteristic polynomial of 2 × 2 matrix 𝐴 is 𝑞 (𝜆) = 𝜆 − 1, then 𝐴 is diagonalizable.

 Page 2 of 2

1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 2
Question 2 [Marks: 2+2+2]: Consider the matrices 𝐴 = 0 1 1 1 and 𝐵 = 0 1 1 1 −1
. Then:
1 0 1 2 1 0 1 2 1
1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 −2
a) Find 𝐴 by the elementary matrix method.
b) Show that 𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝐴) ≠ 𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝐵).
c) Find a basis for the null space 𝑁(𝐵).

Question 3 [Marks: 3+3]:

a) Find the values of 𝑥 so that the set { (1, −2, 𝑥), (1, −𝑥, 2 ), (1, −4, 2𝑥)} is linearly independent
in the Euclidean space ℝ .
b) Let 𝑭 ∶= 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛( 1, −1, 0, 1), (0, 1, 0, −1), (−1, 2, 0, −1) ) in ℝ . Find a basis for 𝑭 and show
that (0, 1, 0, 0) ∈ 𝑭.

Question 4: [Marks: 2+4]

a) Let 𝑢 and 𝑣 be any two vectors in an inner product space. Show that:
2(‖𝑢‖ +‖𝑣‖ ) = ‖𝑢 + 𝑣‖ + ‖𝑢 − 𝑣‖ .
b) Let the set 𝐵 ∶= {𝒖 = (1‚0‚0), 𝒖 = (3‚1‚ − 1), 𝒖 = (0‚3‚1)} be linearly independent in the
Euclidean inner product space ℝ . Construct an orthonormal basis for ℝ by applying the Gram-
Schmidt algorithm on 𝐵.

Question 5: [Marks: (4+2) + (2+2+2)]

a) Let 𝑩 = { (1, 1, 0), (0, 1, 1), (1, 0, 1)} be a basis for ℝ , 𝑪 = { 𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 − 1, 𝑥 + 1 } be a basis
for 𝑃 (the vector space of all real polynomials in variable 𝑥 of degree ≤ 2 . Let 𝑻: ℝ → 𝑃 be
the linear transformation: 𝑻(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐) = (𝑎 + 𝑏) + (𝑏 + 𝑐)𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑐)𝑥 , ∀ (𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐) ϵ ℝ . Then:
1 𝑞 0
(i) Find the values of q, r, s in the transformation matrix [𝑻]𝑪𝑩 = 𝑟 1 1 with respect
1 1 𝑠
to the bases B and C.
(ii) Find the coordinate vector [𝑇(1,1,1)]𝑪 .
1 7 0
b) Let 𝐴 = 0 2 2 . Then:
0 0 −1
(i) Show that the matrix 𝐴 is diagonalizable.
(ii) Find an invertible matrix 𝑃 and a diagonal matrix 𝐷 satisfying 𝑃 𝐴𝑃 = 𝐷 .
(iii) Find 𝐴 .

***
solution

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Solution Key: King Saud University
College of Sciences
Department of Mathematics
Math-244 (Linear Algebra); Final Exam; Semester 441
Max. Marks: 40 Time: 3 hours

Note: Attempt all the five questions. Scientific calculators are not allowed!

Question 1 [Marks: 5× 1+5× 1]:

I. Choose the correct answer:
(i) If 𝑊 is the subspace {(𝑎‚ 𝑏‚ 𝑐‚ 𝑑) ∈ ℝ : 𝑏 = 𝑎 − 𝑐} of Euclidean space ℝ , then dim(𝑊) is:
a) 1 b) 2 𝐜) 3 d) 4.
(ii) If 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘(𝐴) = 3 where 𝐴 is a matrix of size 5 × 9, then 𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝐴 ) is:
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 6.
(iii) If 𝜃 is the angle between 𝐴 and 𝐵 with respect to the standard inner product on 𝑀 where
2 4 −3 1
𝐴= and 𝐵 = , then 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 is:
−1 3 4 2
a) b) c) d) 0.
√ √
(iv) The values of 𝑘 for which the vectors 𝒖 = (𝑢 = 2‚ 𝑢 = −4) and 𝒗 = (𝑣 = 1‚ 𝑣 = 3)
in ℝ are orthogonal with respect to the inner product 〈𝒖‚𝒗〉 = 2𝑢 𝑣 + 𝑘𝑢 𝑣 :
a) b) c) d) .
√ √
(v) If 𝐵 = {(2,1)‚ (−3,4)} and 𝐶 = {(1,1)‚ (0,3)} are bases of ℝ , then the transition
matrix BPC is:
7 1 7 9 7 9 9 7
a)
9
11
6
11 b) 1
11
6
11 c)
6
11
1
11 d)
1
11
6
11 .
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
II. Determine whether the following statements are true or false; justify your answer.
T T
(i) If 𝐴, 𝐵 ∈ 𝑀 (ℝ), then 𝑑𝑒𝑡 𝐴 𝐵 = 𝑑𝑒𝑡 𝐵 𝐴 .
True: 𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴 𝐵) = 𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴)𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐵) = 𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐵 𝐴).
(ii) A basis for solution space of the following linear system is {(4‚1‚0‚0)‚ (−3‚0‚1‚0)}:
𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 𝑥 = 0
2𝑥 − 8𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 3𝑥 = 0.
True: the solution space = {(4𝑠 − 3𝑡, 𝑠, 𝑡, 0): 𝑠, 𝑡 ∈ ℝ}; (4𝑠 − 3𝑡, 𝑠, 𝑡, 0) = 𝑠(4‚1‚0‚0) + 𝑡(−3‚0‚1‚0)
and {(4‚1‚0‚0)‚ (−3‚0‚1‚0)} is linearly independent.
(iii) If 𝑊 = {𝐴 ∈ 𝑀 (ℝ): 𝐴 is singular}, then W is vector subspace of 𝑀 (ℝ).
0 0 1 0 1 0
False: and are singular matrices but their sum is not singular.
0 1 0 0 0 1
(iv) If 𝑢, 𝑣 and 𝑤 are vectors in an inner product space such that 〈𝑢‚𝑣〉 = 3, 〈𝑣‚𝑤〉 = −5,
〈𝑢‚𝑤〉 = −1 and ‖𝑢‖ = 2, then 〈𝑢 − 2𝑤‚3𝑢 + 𝑣〉 = 25.
False: 25 ≠ 31 (∵ 〈𝑢 − 2𝑤‚3𝑢 + 𝑣〉 = 3(2 ) + 3 + (−2)(3)(−1) + (−2)(−5) = 31)
(v) If the characteristic polynomial of 2 × 2 matrix 𝐴 is 𝑞 (𝜆) = 𝜆 − 1, then 𝐴 is diagonalizable.
True: ∓1 are two different eigen-values of the 2 × 2 matrix 𝑨.
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1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 2
Question 2 [Marks: 2+2+2]: Consider the matrices 𝐴 = 0 1 1 1
and 𝐵 = 0 1 1 1 −1
. Then:
1 0 1 2 1 0 1 2 1
1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 −2
a) Find 𝐴 by the elementary matrix method.

𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏
𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏
Solution: Since
𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎
~
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 −𝟑
, 𝑨 𝟏
=
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 −𝟑
.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐

b) Show that 𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝐴) ≠ 𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝐵).

𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟓
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟑
Solution: Since 𝑹𝑹𝑬𝑭(𝑩) = , 𝒏𝒖𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚(𝑩) = 𝟏; but 𝒏𝒖𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚(𝑨) = 𝟎 because 𝐴 is invertible.
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟖
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟔 Since A is invertible so nullity=0
And since B is not square matrix and it can not be invertable therefore it can not have
c) Find a basis for the null space spaces 𝑁(𝐵). nullity=0 by equivalent statements

Solution: Since 𝑵(𝑩) = {(−𝟓𝒕, 𝟑𝒕, −𝟖𝒕, 𝟔𝒕, 𝒕): 𝒕 ∈ ℝ}, {(−𝟓, 𝟑, −𝟖, 𝟔, 𝟏)} is a basis for 𝑵(𝑩).

Question 3 [Marks: 3+3]:

a) Find the values of 𝑥 so that the set { (1, −2, 𝑥), (1, −𝑥, 2 ), (1, −4, 2𝑥)} is linearly independent
in the Euclidean space ℝ .

𝛼 + 𝛽+ 𝛾=0
Solution: ∵ 𝜶(1, −2, 𝑥), +𝛽(1, −𝑥, 2 ) + 𝛾(1, −4, 2𝑥) = (0, 0, 0) ⟹ −2𝛼 − 𝑥𝛽 − 4𝛾 = 0
𝑥𝛼 + 2𝛽 + 2𝑥𝛾 = 0.
1 1 1
∴ The given set would be linearly independent iff −2 − 𝑥 − 4 ≠ 0 iff 𝑥 ∈ ℝ \ {∓𝟐}.
𝑥 2 2𝑥

b) Let 𝑭 = 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛( 1, −1, 0, 1), (0, 1, 0, −1), (−1, 2, 0, −1) ) in ℝ . Find a basis for 𝑭 and show
that (0, 1, 0, 0) ∈ 𝑭.

Solution: Since 1, −1, 0, 1), (0, 1, 0, −1), (−1, 2, 0, −1) is linearly independent in ℝ , the same set is a basis of 𝑭.
Next, we observe that ( 0, 1, 0, 0) = (−1, 2, 0, −1) + (1, −1, 0, 1) ∈ 𝑭.

Question 4: [Marks: 2+4]

a) Let 𝑢 and 𝑣 be any two vectors in an inner product space. Show that:
2(‖𝑢‖ +‖𝑣‖ ) = ‖𝑢 + 𝑣‖ + ‖𝑢 − 𝑣‖ .

Solution: ‖𝒖 + 𝒗‖𝟐 + ‖𝒖 − 𝒗‖𝟐 = < 𝒖 + 𝒗, 𝒖 + 𝒗 > + < 𝒖 − 𝒗, 𝒖 − 𝒗 > = 𝟐 < 𝒖, 𝒖 > + 𝟐 < 𝒗, 𝒗 > = 𝟐(‖𝒖‖𝟐 +‖𝒗‖𝟐 ).

b) Let the set 𝐵 = {𝒖 = (1‚0‚0), 𝒖 = (3‚1‚ − 1), 𝒖 = (0‚3‚1)} be linearly independent in the
Euclidean inner product space ℝ . Construct an orthonormal basis for ℝ by applying the Gram-
Schmidt algorithm on 𝐵.
 Page 3 of 3

Solution: Put 𝒆 = 𝒗 = 𝒖 = (1‚0‚0). Then 𝒗 = 𝒖 −< 𝒖 , 𝒆 > 𝒆 = 𝒖 − 𝟑𝒆 = (0,1‚ − 1) and so 𝒆 = ||𝒗 || 𝒗 =

0, ‚− . Finally, 𝒗 = 𝒖 −< 𝒖 , 𝒆 > 𝒆 −< 𝒖 , 𝒆 > 𝒆 = 𝒖 − √2𝒆 = (𝟎, 𝟐, 𝟐) and so 𝒆 = 𝒗 = 0, ‚ .
√ √ ||𝒗 || √ √
Thus, {𝒆 = (1‚0‚0), 𝒆 = 0,
√
‚−
√
, 𝒆 = 0,
√
‚
√
} is the required orthonoral basis of the inner product space ℝ .

Question 5: [Marks: (4+2) + (2+2+1)]

a) Let 𝑩 = { (1, 1, 0), (0, 1, 1), (1, 0, 1)} be a basis for ℝ , 𝑪 = { 𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 − 1, 𝑥 + 1 } be a basis
for 𝑃 (the vector space of all real polynomials (in variable 𝑥) of degree ≤ 2 . Let 𝑻: ℝ → 𝑃
be the linear transformation: 𝑻(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐) = (𝑎 + 𝑏) + (𝑏 + 𝑐)𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑐)𝑥 , ∀ (𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐) ϵ ℝ .
1 𝑞 0
(i) Find the values of q, r, s in the transformation matrix [𝑻]𝑪𝑩 = 𝑟 1 1 with respect to
1 1 𝑠
the bases B and C.

1 𝑞 0 1 𝑞 0
Solution: Since [𝑻]𝑪𝑩 = 𝑟 1 1 , we get [𝑇(1,1,0)]𝑪 = 𝑟 , [𝑇(0,1,1)]𝑪 = 1 and [𝑇(1,0,1)]𝑪 = 1 .
1 1 𝑠 1 1 𝑠
1 1
Now, 𝑇(1,1,0) = 2 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 =1(𝑥 + 1) + 0( 𝑥 − 1) + 1( 𝑥 + 1) gives 𝑟 = [𝑇(1,1,0)]𝑪 = 𝑟 ; hence, 𝒓 = 𝟎.
1 1
Similarly, 𝑞 = 𝟏 and 𝒔 = 𝟐.

(ii) Find the coordinate vector [𝑇(1,1,1)]𝑪 .

1 𝑞 0 1 1
Solution: Since [𝑻]𝑪𝑩 = 𝑟 1 1 and [(1,1,1)]𝑩 = 1 , we get [𝑇(1,1,1)]𝑪 = [𝑻]𝑪𝑩 [(1,1,1)]𝑩 = 1 .
1 1 𝑠 1 2
1 7 0
b) Consider the matrix 𝐴 = 0 2 2 is diagonalizable.
0 0 −1
(i) Show that the matrix 𝐴 is diagonalizable.
1 7 0
Solution: The given matrix 𝐴 = 0 2 2 being upper triangular has eigen-values
0 0 −1
−1, 1 and 2; so, it is diagonalizable.

(ii) Find an invertible matrix 𝑃 and a diagonal matrix 𝐷

satisfying 𝑃 𝐴𝑃 = 𝐷.
𝟕 𝟕
𝟏 𝟕 𝟏 −𝟕 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝟐 𝟔
Solution: 𝑷 = 𝟎 𝟏
𝟐 with 𝑷 𝟏
= 𝟎 𝟏
𝟐 and 𝑫 = 𝟎 𝟐 𝟎 .
𝟑 𝟑 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟏
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
(iii) Find 𝐴 .
𝟕 𝟕
𝟏 𝟕 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟕
𝟐 𝟔
Solution: 𝑨𝟕 = 𝑷 𝑫𝟕 𝑷 𝟏
= 𝟎 𝟏
𝟐 𝟎 𝟐𝟕 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
𝟐 .
𝟑 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟑
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
***
2 1443,2sem
solution
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3 1443 I Sem
solution

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4 1442 I Sem
5 1441 I sem
solution

Solution of the Final Examination Math 244 Semester I, (1441, H)

Question 1 [2+2+3]

1 0 0
a) |A| = 1 3x 4 1 = 6x 6. Then x = 2.
1 2 2
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆ ✓ ◆ ⇢
x y 3 2 2x + y = 3
b) Let A = . AX1 = and AX2 = is equivalent to:
⇢ z t 1 2 ✓ x +◆y = 2
2z + t = 1 1 1
and . Then x = y = 1, z = 1, t = 3 and A = .
z+t = 2 1 3
2 3
m 1 2 3
c) The augmented matrix is 4 m m 3 5 5.
3m 2m + 2 m + 6 2m 3 +9 2 3
m 1 2 3 m 1 2 3
This matrix is row equivalent to 4 0 m 1 1 2 5 () 4 0 m 1 1 2 5.
0 m 1 m 2m 0 0 m 1 2(m 1)
If m = 1 there are infinitely many solutions.

Question 2 [2+3+(2+2)]

a) |A| = 0 then A cannot be a transition matrix between two bases of any

3 dimensional vector space.

b) This system is equivalent to: x 3y + z = 0. The set of solutions is

S = {(3y z, y, z) : y, z 2 R} = {y(3, 1, 0) + z( 1, 0, 1) : y, z 2 R}. Then
{(3, 1, 0), ( 1, 0, 1)} is a basis for the solution space of linear system.

c) Consider the bases B = {u1 = (1, 1, 0), u2 = (1, 1, 1), u3 = (1, 0, 1)} and
C = {v1 = (1, 1, 0), v2 = (1, 1, 1), v3 = ( 1, 0, 1)} for R3 .
Find the
0 matrices C PB1and B PC . [C P
0B is the transition
1 matrix from B to C.]
3 4 2 1 0 2
C PB =
@ 2 3 2 A and B PC = @ 2 1 2A
2 2 1 2 2 1

Question 3 [3+(2+2)]
8
< 5a + 2b = 3
a) T ( 5, 1, 3) = (0, 0, 0) () 5a b = 6 () a = b = 1.
:
10a + b = 9
0 1
1 1 0 0 0
b) (i) A = @0 1 1 1 0A.
0 0 0 1 1
(ii) The rank of A is 3 and the nullity is 2.
Question 4 [(1+1)+2+2]
(i) T (v1 ) = 0 w1 4w2 + w13 2w4 , T (v3 ) = 2w1 + w2 + 4w3 4w4 .
1 2 2
B 1C
(ii) [T ]C = B 4 1 C.
B @1 1 4A
2 3 4
0 1
9
B 17 C
(iii) [T (v)]C = B C
@ 3 A.
14

Question 5 [(2+2)+2+2+3]
8
>
> x+z = 0
<
x+y = 0
a) (i) v4 = v3 v1 and xv1 +yv2 +zv3 = (0, 0, 0, 0) () ()
>
> x +y+z = 0
:
y+z = 0
x = y = z = 0. Then {v1 , v2 .v3 } is a basis for F .
(ii) hv1 , v2 i = 0 and hv1 , v3 i = 0.
1 1
u1 = p v 1 , u 2 = p v 2 .
3 3
2 1 1
hv3 , v2 i = 2, v3 v2 = (3, 2, 1, 1). Then u3 = p (3, 2, 1, 1).
3 3 15
✓ ◆
1
b) If X = , then AX = X () a = 4.
1
✓ ◆
2 1
c) 3 is an eigenvalue of the matrix A = if and only if b = 4.
1 b

d) The matrix is diagonalizable

0 1 then there exists an invertible matrix P such that
3 0 0
P 1 AP = D = @0 0 0 A. A17 = P D17 P 1 = 316 P DP 1 = 316 A.
0 0 3

2
6 1440,2sem
King Saud University
College of Sciences
Department of Mathematics

Final Examination Math 244 Semester II 1439-1440 Duration: 3hr.

Calculators are not allowed 2 pages

Question 1 : [6 pts]

a) Let A be a matrix of order 3 such that |A| = 3 and |A2 + I| = 2.

Find |A + A 1 |.
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
x y 1 4
b) Find the matrix B = such that B = and
z t 2 5
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
2 3
B = .
1 5

Question 2 : [6 pts]
(a) Let (V, h , i) be an inner product space.
Compute h3v1 2v3 , v1 + v2 + v3 i, where hv1 , v3 i = 0, hv2 , v3 i = 0,
hv1 , v2 i = 2, kv1 k = 5 and kv3 k = 2.
!
1 2 0 1 1 0
(b) Let A = 0 0 1 1 2 1 .
2 4 1 1 0 2
(i) Find a basis B for the column space of the matrix A.
(ii) Show that B is a basis for R3 .

Question 3 : [7 pts]
Consider the following inner product on R3 :

h(x, y, z), (x0 , y0 , z0 )i = 2xx0 + yy0 + zz0 + xy0 + x0 y.

Let u1 = ( 1, 1, x), u2 = ( 1, y, 2) and u3 = (z, 1, 2).
(a) Find the values of x so that ku1 k = 1.

(b) Find the values of x, y so that cos(✓) = 0, where ✓ the angle between u1 and u2 .

(c) Find the values of x, y, z so that the set K = {u1 , u2 , u3 } is orthogonal.

Question 4 : [11 pts]

a) Let T : R3 ! R2 be a linear transformation such that

T (1, 1, 0) = (1, 2), T (1, 0, 1) = (2, 1) and T (1, 1, 1) = (0, 0).

(i) Prove that {(1, 1, 0), (1, 0, 1), (1, 1, 1)} is a basis of R3 .
(ii) Find the expression of T (x, y, z), for (x, y, z) 2 R3 .
(iii) Find a basis for Im(T ).

b) Let B = {v1 , v2 , v3 , v4 } be a basis for a vector space V ,

C = {u1 = (1, 1, 1), u2 = (1, 1, 1), u3 = (0, 1, 1)} a basis of R3 and
T : V ! R3 the linear transformation such that
!
3 1 1 0
[T ]C
B = 1 3 1 2 .
1 1 0 1

([T ]C
B is the matrix of T with respect to the bases B and C .)

(i) Find T (v1 ), T (v2 ), T (v3 ), T (v4 ).

(ii) Find Rank(T ).
(iii) Calculate nullity(T ).

Question 5 : [10 pts]

!
1 2 2
a) Consider the matrix A = 2 1 2 .
2 2 3
(i) Find qA ( ) = det( I A).
(ii) Deduce that 1, 1, 1 are the eigenvalues of A.
(iii) Find a matrix P such that P 1 AP is a diagonal matrix.
(iv) Find A1440 and A 1 .
!
a 1 1
b) For which values of a 2 R the matrix B = 0 1 2 is diagonalizable?
0 0 0

2
7 1440 I Sem

Final Examination Math 244 Semester I 1439-1440 Time: 3H

Calculators are not allowed 2 pages

Question 1 : [7pts]

1. Let A, B, C and D be matrices

! of order 3 such that AB !+ AC D = 0,
1 1 0 0 1 0
|D| = 6, B = 0 1 2 and C = 0 2 1 .
1 1 0 1 1 3
Find |A|.

2. Let R and S be matrices of order

! 3 such that RS + R 2I = 0.
1 0 2
Find R 1 if S = 2 3 4 .
0 2 5
✓ ◆
a b
3. Find a basis of the vector subspace W = { ; a b 2c 3d = 0}.
c d

Question 2 : [5pts]
Find the values of m for which the following linear system
(
x + my + 2z = 3
4x + (6 + m)y mz = 13 m
x + 2(m 1)y + (m + 4)z = m + 2
a) has a unique solution.
b) has infinite solutions.
c) has no solution.
Question 3 : [8pts]

1. Let V be a vector space and B = {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 , u5 , u6 } a basis of V .

Explain why u1 2u2 + 3u6 6= 5u3 + 7u4 6u5 .
2. Define T : R4 ! R3 by:

T (x, y, z, t) = (x 2y + z + 3t, 2x 3y + 2t, x + 3z + 5t).

(a) Find the matrix of the linear transformation T with respect to the standard
bases of R4 and R3 .
 (b) Find a basis for kernel T .
(c) Find a basis for Image T .

Question 4 : [7pts] !
1 0 0
Let B and C be bases of a vector space V of dimension 3 such that C PB = 1 1 0 .
1 1 1
(C PB is the transition matrix from the basis B to!the basis C ). Let T : V ! V be a
1 1 1
linear transformation with [T ]B = 1 1 1 .
2 1 0
!
1
1. If [v]C = 2 , find [v]B .
3
!
2
2. If [w]B = 2 , find [T (w)]B .
1
3. If B = {u1 , u2 , u3 }. Find the values of a, b, c such that
b
T (u1 ) = au1 5 u2 + cu3 .
Question 5 : [5pts]
1. Let F be the subspace of the Euclidean inner product space R3 spanned by
{v1 = (1, 1, 0), v2 = (1, 1, 1)}.
Use Gram-Schmidt process to get an orthonormal basis of F .

2. Let R3 be the Euclidean inner product space and u = (1, 1, 1), v = (2, 0, 2)
in R3 .

(a) Find ku + vk2 .

(b) Find cos ✓ , if ✓ is the angle between the vectors u and v .

Question 6 : [8pts]
✓ ◆
1 2
1. Compute B 10 if B = .
0 2
!
1 1 3
2. Let A = 0 1 0 .
0 3 2
(a) Find the characteristic polynomial of A.
(b) Find the eigenvalues and its corresponding eigenvectors of A.
(c) Explain why A is not diagonalizable?

2
solution
Solution of the Final Examination Math 244 Semester I 1439-1440

Question 1 :

1. AB + AC D =0 ()
! A(B + C) = D ) |A| |B + C| = |D|.
1 0 0
B+C = 0 1 1 , then |B + C| = 3 and |A| = 2.
0 0 3
2. RS + R 2I = 0 () R(S +
! I) = 2I . Then
1 1 0 1
1
R = (S + I) = 1 2 2 .
2 0 1 3
3. a b 2c 3d = 0 () a = b + 2c + 3d. The matrices in W are in the
✓
form ◆ ✓ ◆ ✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
b + 2c + 3d b 1 1 2 0 3 0
=b +c +d .
c d 0 0 1 0 0 1
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
1 1 2 0 3 0
Then { , , } is a basis of the vector subspace W .
0 0 1 0 0 1

Question 2 : " #
1 m 2 3
The extended matrix of the system is: 4 6+m m 13 m .
" 1 2(m# 1) m + 4 m + 2
1 m 2 3
The matrix 0 m 2 m+2 m 1 is row equivalent to the extended ma-
0 0 2(m 1) m 1
trix of the system.
a) If m 6= 1 and m 6= 2 the system has a unique solution.
b) If m = 1 the system has infinite solutions.
c) If m = 2 the system has no solution.
Question 3 :

1. If u1 2u2 + 3u6 = 5u3 + 7u4 6u5 , then

u1 2u2 5u3 7u4 + 6u5 + 3u6 = 0. This is a linear combination of the
vectors u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 , u5 , u6 which are linearly independent. This is impossible.
Then u1 2u2 + 3u6 6= 5u3 + 7u4 6u5 .
!
1 2 1 3
2. (a) The standard matrix of T is 2 3 0 2 .
1 0 3 5
!
1 0 3 5
(b) The reduced echelon form of to the matrix of T is 0 1 2 4 . Then
0 0 0 0
{(3, 2, 1, 0), (5, 4, 0, 1)} is a basis for kernel T .
(c) Using the reduced echelon form of to the matrix of T we deduce that
{(1, 2, 1), (2, 3, 0)} is a basis for Image T .
Question 4 :
! !
1 0 0 1
1. B PC = 1 1 0 . [v]B = B PC [v]C = 1
0 1 1 1
!
1
2. [T (w)]B = [T ]B [w]B = 3 .
2
b
3. T (u1 ) = u1 + u2 + 2u3 = au1 5 u2 + cu3 . Then a = 1, b = 5 , c = 2.

Question 5 :
1 p
1. u1 = p (1, 1, 0), hv2 , u1 i = 2. Then u2 = (0, 0, 1).
2
2. (a) ku + vk2 = 11.
(b) hu, vi = 0, then cos ✓ = 0 and ✓ = ⇡2 .

Question 6 :
◆ ✓
1 0
1. The eigenvalues of B are 1, 2. B is diagonalizable. D = ,
0 2
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
1 2 1 2 11 2 .
P = and B = P DP 1 . Then B 10 = P D 10 P 1 =
0 1 0 210
!
1 1 3
2. Let A = 0 1 0 .
0 3 2

(a) The characteristic polynomial of A is qA ( ) = (1 )2 (2 + ).

(b) The eigenvalues of A are 1 and 2.
The eigenspace E1 is generated by the vector (1, 0, 0)
and the eigenspace E 2 is generated by the vector (1, 0, 1).
(c) A is not diagonalizable since dim(E1 ) = 1 and the algebraic multiplicity of
1 is 2.

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