定义：函数的奇偶性

A function 𝑓 is called an even function if _______________________________________.

A function 𝑓 is called an odd function if _______________________________________.

练习：奇偶函数的判定
For each of the following functions, determine if the function is even, odd, both or neither.
(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 ! + 2𝑥

(b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 " + 3𝑥 #

$ ! %$ "
(c) 𝑓(𝑥) =
$%&

(d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 # , 𝑥 ∈ [1, 2]

(e) 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 − 2 + √2 − 𝑥

(f) 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 # − 1 + √1 − 𝑥 #


证明：偶函数的和与积
Let 𝑓 and 𝑔 be even functions that are defined for all real numbers.
(a) Is 𝑓 + 𝑔 even or odd?
(b) Is 𝑓 · 𝑔 even or odd?


证明：奇函数的和与积
Let 𝑓 and 𝑔 be odd functions that are defined for all real numbers.
(a) Is 𝑓 + 𝑔 even or odd?
(b) Is 𝑓 · 𝑔 even or odd?


证明：奇函数和偶函数的和与积
Let 𝑓 be even function and 𝑔 be odd function that both are defined for all real numbers.
(a) Is 𝑓 + 𝑔 even or odd?
(b) Is 𝑓 · 𝑔 even or odd?


证明：定义域对称的函数都能写成奇函数和偶函数的和
Let 𝑓 be a function with all real numbers as its domain.
(a) Show that the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(−𝑥) is even
(b) Show that the function ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(−𝑥) is odd.
(c) Show that every function with domain ℝ can be written as the sum of an even function and an odd function.

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证明：奇函数和原点的关系
Show that if odd function 𝑓(𝑥) is defined at 𝑥 = 0, then 𝑓(0) = 0.





练习：利用奇偶性求函数值
Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 ' + 𝑎𝑥 ! + 𝑏𝑥 − 8 and 𝑓(−2) = 10, then 𝑓(2) =______________.






练习：分段函数奇偶性的判断
𝑥 # (𝑥 ≥ 0)
State whether 𝑓(𝑥) = V # is even, odd or neither.
−𝑥 (𝑥 < 0)







练习：根据奇偶性求分段函数解析式
1 − 𝑥 (0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1)
Given that 𝑓(𝑥) is an even function and 𝑓(𝑥) = V . Fill the blank.
_______ (−1 < 𝑥 < 0)







证明：三角函数的奇偶性
(a) Prove that 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 is odd.
(b) Prove that 𝑔(𝑥) = cos 𝑥 is even.
(c) Prove that 𝑓(𝑥) = tan 𝑥 is odd.

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定义：函数的周期性
A function 𝑓 is called periodic function if __________________________________________________________________.



证明：几种周期函数
(a) Show that if 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑎) = −𝑓(𝑥), then 𝑓 is a periodic function with a period of a.
(b) Show that if 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑎) = 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑎), then 𝑓 is a periodic function with a period of 2a.
&
(c) Show that if 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑎) = , then 𝑓 is a periodic function with a period of 2a.
(($)

练习：函数的周期
Find a period of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑥 ∈ ℝ if
(a) 𝑓(𝑥 + 1) = 𝑓(𝑥 + 3)
(b) 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) = −𝑓(𝑥)
&
(c) 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) = (($)

(($)%&
(d) 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) =
(($)+&

练习：三角函数的最小正周期
Find the smallest positive period of sine, cosine and tangent function.







练习：函数奇偶性和周期性的结合
(a) Odd function 𝑓(𝑥) on ℝ satisfies 𝑓(𝑥 + 3) = −𝑓(𝑥), 𝑓(1) = 2, then 𝑓(5) =__________.
(b) Odd function 𝑓(𝑥) on ℝ satisfies 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) = −𝑓(𝑥), then 𝑓(2008) =__________.
(c) For even function 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑓(0) = 2019. If 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 − 1) is odd, then 𝑓(2020) =___________.

3
证明：函数的轴对称
,+-
(a) Prove that if 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑏 − 𝑥) for 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, then 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) has 𝑥 = as line of symmetry.
#

(b) Prove that if 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥) for 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, then 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) has 𝑥 = 𝑎 as line of symmetry.

(c) Prove that if 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(2𝑎 − 𝑥) for 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, then 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) has 𝑥 = 𝑎 as line of symmetry.










证明：函数的中心对称
,+-
(a) Prove that if 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑏 − 𝑥) = 2𝑐 for 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, then 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) has ( , 𝑐) as center of symmetry.
#

(b) Prove that if 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥) = 2𝑏 for 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, then 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) has (𝑎, 𝑏) as center of symmetry.

(b) Prove that if 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(2𝑎 − 𝑥) = 2𝑏 for 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, then 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) has (𝑎, 𝑏) as center of symmetry.

练习：三角函数的性质
Determine whether the following functions are odd, even, periodic (find a period if so), symmetric (find symmetric
axis or center if so).

$
(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin #

(b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3cos(𝑥 + 𝜋)

.
(c) 𝑓(𝑥) = − sin(2𝑥 + # )

.
(d) 𝑓(𝑥) = | tan(𝑥 − ) |
#