Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica

Materia: electric circuits

Fundamental activity #2
_____________fundamental electrical laws ___________

Maestro: Diana Cobos Zaleta

Alumno: Heriberto Martinez Blas

Matricula: 1979378
Grupo: 037
Hora:M5

Fecha de entrega: 18 de Agosto 2022

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 OHM'S LAW
Ohm's law is used to determine the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in
an electrical circuit.

For students of electronics, Ohm's law (V = IR) is as fundamental as Einstein's relativity

equation is for physicists.

V=IxR

Where:

V is the electric potential in volts

I is the current in amps

R is the resistance in Ohms

Ohm's law was named after the German physicist Georg Ohm and addressed the key
quantities at work in circuits.

When Ohm published his formula in 1827, his main discovery was that the amount of electric
current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage imposed on it. In
other words, it takes one volt of pressure to push one amp of current through one ohm of
resistance.

Ohm's law can be used to validate:

• Static values of the circuit components

• Current levels

• Voltage supplies

• Voltage drops

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 KIRCHHOFF'S LAW
What are Kirchhoff's laws?

In electrical circuits it is not usually enough to use Ohm's law, for this Kirchhoff's laws are
used, which complement circuit analysis as an effective tool to analyze and solve a wide
variety of electrical circuits.

Kirchhoff's laws are named after the German physicist Gustav Robert Kirchhoff who
introduced the current law and voltage law.

FIRST LAW: Kirchhoff's Current Law

It is based on the law of conservation of charge, which implies that the algebraic sum of
charges within a system cannot change.

Note: establishing in Kirchhoff's current law (or CKL for short) that the algebraic sum of the
currents entering a node is zero.

This can be expressed mathematically as:

𝑁

∑ 𝑖𝑛 = 0
𝑁=1

According to Kirchhoff's current law, the currents entering a node can be considered positive
or negative, as long as the currents leaving that node are taken with the opposite sign to the
currents entering the same node.

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SECOND LAW: Kirchhoff's Voltage Law

Kirchhoff's voltage law or second law is based on the principle of conservation of energy,
which implies that the algebraic sum of the energy produced within a system always remains
constant.

Note: stating in Kirchhoff's voltage law (or VKL for short) that the algebraic sum of the
voltages in a closed path (or mesh) is zero.

According to Kirchhoff's voltage law, the voltages present in a mesh can be considered
positive or negative, this depends on the polarity assigned to each voltage and the direction
of the current in each mesh, either in the direction of clockwise or counterclockwise.

Clarifying the polarity that the mesh voltages must

have according to the VKL, it can be seen in the
figure that the current flows in a clockwise
direction.

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 WATT'S LAW
Watt's law refers to the electrical power of an electronic component or device and is defined
as the power consumed by the load is directly proportional to the voltage supplied and the
current flowing through it.

The unit of power is the watt. The symbol to represent power is “p”.

If the electrical power is positive (+P) it means that the electronic component is consuming
energy.

If the electrical power is negative (-P) it means that the electronic component produces or
generates energy

WATT'S LAW TRIANGLE

The watt's law triangle allows to obtain the equations depending on the variable to find, it is
a visual and easy to interpret form

Marking the variable to obtain in the triangle of Watt's law it is possible to visualize the
resulting formula.

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CONCLUSIONES:

I can conclude that the laws of both ohm and watt's law are similar speaking of the formulas
that are used to solve what is requested, the only thing that changes is the power variable
which is mentioned in watt's law, in the Kirchhoff's law mentioned Kirchhoff's current law
and the voltage law which the current law is based on the conservation of charge and the
voltage law is based on the principle of conservation of energy.

BIBLIOGRAFIAS

https://www.fluke.com/es-mx/informacion/blog/electrica/que-es-la-ley-de-ohm

https://www.todamateria.com/ley-de-ohm/

https://www.mecatronicalatam.com/es/tutoriales/teoria/leyes-de-kirchhoff/

https://www.mecatronicalatam.com/es/tutoriales/teoria/ley-de-watt/