Equations, inequalities and formulae

UNIT 8: Using equations in geometry

Question 1 Find the value of x in each diagram:
a b c

120˚ x˚ 2x˚
x˚ x˚ x + 10˚ 50˚

d e f
x˚
2x˚ 2x˚ x˚
3x˚ 2x˚ 2x˚

g h (2x + 29)˚ i
55˚
(2x – 30)˚

(x + 10)˚
(x + 20)˚ (4x – 65)˚

Question 2 F ind the value of the pronumeral in each diagram. All length measurements are in
centimetres.
a 4x + 2 Perimeter b Perimeter c Perimeter
3x + 5
= 40 cm = 60 cm = 128 cm
2x + 10

d
5m˚
e
f
2x (3y – 15)˚
50˚

(m + 24)˚ (3m + 3)˚ (3x – 10)˚ (2x + 10)˚ 75˚

g
3a – 20 h
i (4x + 20)˚ 80˚
2(x + 5)˚
6
(3x – 40)˚
(5y – 10)˚


Area = 96 cm2


CHAPTER 10
Measurement – Right-angled Triangles
Pythagoras’ theorem

QUESTION 1 Find the length of the hypotenuse.

a b 12 cm c
4 xm

2.8 m
3

35 cm

m
xc
x 19.5 m

QUESTION 2 Find the length of the side.

a b xm c 17 cm

20 x
10 m

m
26 15

xc
m cm

16

QUESTION 3 Find the length of the unknown side, giving the answer correct to one decimal place.
a 12 cm b 9m c
km
3 km

11
8m
5

xc
m xm
cm

x km
Measurement – Right-angled Triangles
Applications of Pythagoras’ theorem (1)

QUESTION 1 Determine whether the triangle is right-angled.

a 99 m b 92 cm c 233 mm
20 m

10
mm

135 cm

5
15
m 208

mm
101 3
cm

QUESTION 2 A 5 metre ladder has its foot 2 metres from the foot of a wall. How far up the wall does the ladder
reach? (Give the answer to the nearest cm.)

5m

2m

QUESTION 3 Carlo is building a rectangular gate from steel pipe. The gate is 4.2 m long and 1.2 m high. In
order to brace the gate, Carlo wants to add a centre brace and two diagonal braces as shown in
the diagram. He has 6 m of pipe left. Is this enough for the bracing he wants to do? Justify your
answer.
1.2 m

4.2 m
Measurement – Right-angled Triangles
Applications of Pythagoras’ theorem (2)

QUESTION 1 Find the length of the unknown side. (All measurements are in cm.)
a x b 5

17
11 6 x

8 14

QUESTION 2 Find the perimeter of each block of land. (Give each answer to the nearest metre.)
a b
45 m
15 m
60 m
80 m
45 m 50 m
75 m
32 m
54 m
70 m
36 m
40 m
Indices
TOPIC TEST PART A
Instructions • This part consists of 10 multiple-choice questions.
• Fill in only ONE CIRCLE for each question.
• Each question is worth 1 mark.
• Calculators are NOT allowed.

Time allowed: 15 minutes Total marks: 10

Marks
1 36 × 36 equals
A 96 B 336 C 312 D 912 1

2 88 ÷ 84 equals
A 84 B 82 C 14 D 12 1

68 8 1
3 equals
64 84
62 64 1
A 3 B C 6283 D 6483
8 83
4 54 × (510 ÷ 52) equals
A 520 B 512 C 510 D 56 1

5 2a0 × 80 equals
A 16 B 8 C 1 D 2 1

6 (62)3 equals
A 65 B 66 C 623 D 632 1

7 (92)0 equals
A 92 B 9 C 0 D 1 1

54 × 58
8 equals
52
A 56 B 510 C 514 D 58 1

9 (910 ÷ 92)2 equals

A 925 B 98 C 964 D 916 1

10 (2374)2 equals
A 2576 B 2678 C 1424 D 149 1

Total marks achieved for PART A

10

5/02/15 10:16 AM
 Indices
TOPIC TEST PART B
Instructions • This part consists of 3 questions.
• Each question part is worth 1 mark.
• Write only the answer in the answer column.

Time allowed: 15 minutes Total marks: 15

Questions Answers Marks
1 Simplify the following.
a 40 × (42)3 = .....................................................................

..................................................................................... __________________ 1

b 67 ÷ 65 = ........................................................................

..................................................................................... __________________ 1

c (33)4 = .........................................................................

..................................................................................... __________________ 1

d 8t0 + (9t)0 + (3t3)0 = ..........................................................

..................................................................................... __________________ 1

e 820 ÷ (84)2 = ....................................................................

..................................................................................... __________________ 1

2 Simplify the following.

a 89 × 85 = ........................................................................ __________________ 1

b 38 ÷ 34 = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________________ 1
2634 1
c 4 2 = ............................................................................ __________________
23
80 × 1 1 2 9 1
d = ..................................................................... __________________
1323
e (52)2 ÷ 53 = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________________ 1

3 Simplify the following, writing your answers in the simplest index form.
a 125 × 124 × 129 = .............................................................. __________________ 1

b 70 ÷ 72 = ........................................................................ __________________ 1

c (1000a12b15)0 = ................................................................. __________________ 1

d 9(a3)0 + (9a)0 + 90 = .......................................................... __________________ 1

e 252 × 253 × 644 × 645 = ...................................................... __________________ 1

Total marks achieved for PART B

15

MathsExRevExWB_Yr8_2015.indb 37
 Indices
TOPIC TEST PART A
Instructions • This part consists of 10 multiple-choice questions.
• Fill in only ONE CIRCLE for each question.
• Each question is worth 1 mark.
• Calculators are NOT allowed.

Time allowed: 15 minutes Total marks: 10

Marks
1 36 × 36 equals
A 96 B 336 C 312 D 912 1

2 88 ÷ 84 equals
A 84 B 82 C 14 D 12 1

68 8 1
3 equals
64 84
62 64 1
A 3 B C 6283 D 6483
8 83
4 54 × (510 ÷ 52) equals
A 520 B 512 C 510 D 56 1

5 2a0 × 80 equals
A 16 B 8 C 1 D 2 1

6 (62)3 equals
A 65 B 66 C 623 D 632 1

7 (92)0 equals
A 92 B 9 C 0 D 1 1

54 × 58
8 equals
52
A 56 B 510 C 514 D 58 1

9 (910 ÷ 92)2 equals

A 925 B 98 C 964 D 916 1

10 (2374)2 equals
A 2576 B 2678 C 1424 D 149 1

Total marks achieved for PART A

10

MathsExRevExWB_Yr8_2015.indb 36 5/02/15 10:16 AM

 Indices
TOPIC TEST PART B
Instructions • This part consists of 3 questions.
• Each question part is worth 1 mark.
• Write only the answer in the answer column.

Time allowed: 15 minutes Total marks: 15

Questions Answers Marks
1 Simplify the following.
a 40 × (42)3 = .....................................................................

..................................................................................... __________________ 1

b 67 ÷ 65 = ........................................................................

..................................................................................... __________________ 1

c (33)4 = .........................................................................

..................................................................................... __________________ 1

d 8t0 + (9t)0 + (3t3)0 = ..........................................................

..................................................................................... __________________ 1

e 820 ÷ (84)2 = ....................................................................

..................................................................................... __________________ 1

2 Simplify the following.

a 89 × 85 = ........................................................................ __________________ 1

b 38 ÷ 34 = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________________ 1
2634 1
c 4 2 = ............................................................................ __________________
23
80 × 1 1 2 9 1
d = ..................................................................... __________________
1323
e (52)2 ÷ 53 = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________________ 1

3 Simplify the following, writing your answers in the simplest index form.
a 125 × 124 × 129 = .............................................................. __________________ 1

b 70 ÷ 72 = ........................................................................ __________________ 1

c (1000a12b15)0 = ................................................................. __________________ 1

d 9(a3)0 + (9a)0 + 90 = .......................................................... __________________ 1

e 252 × 253 × 644 × 645 = ...................................................... __________________ 1

Total marks achieved for PART B

15

MathsExRevExWB_Yr8_2015.indb 37 5/02/15 10:16 AM

 5

จงทําใหเปนผลสําเร็จ
2
1. (3 x 4) =…………………………………………………………….
2. (23 x 32)3 =…………………………………………………………….
3. (3x2)4 =…………………………………………………………….
4. (-2ab-2)2 =…………………………………………………………….
=…………………………………………………………….
5. (4-1x2y-3)-1 =…………………………………………………………….
6. (X2nyn)2 x (X2y-2)n =…………………………………………………………….
3

7. ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟
5
=…………………………………………………………….
⎝7⎠
2
⎛ 2 −2 × 2 3 ⎞
8. ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ =…………………………………………………………….
⎝ 3 ⎠
4
⎛ 3n ⎞
9. ⎜⎜ n −1 ⎟⎟ =…………………………………………………………….
⎝3 ⎠
=…………………………………………………………….
( xy ) 2 ( x 2 y ) 3
10. x ≠ 0, y ≠ 0
(x 2 y 2 )2
=…………………………………………………………….
=…………………………………………………………….
2
( y n +1 × y 2 n −1 )
11. y ≠ 0 =…………………………………………………………….
y 3n
=…………………………………………………………….
=…………………………………………………………….
2
⎛ a 3n × a 2 n ⎞
12. ⎜⎜ 4n
⎟⎟ =…………………………………………………………….
⎝ a ⎠
=…………………………………………………………….
=…………………………………………………………….
=…………………………………………………………….
7 5 3

13. 20 × ⎛⎜
15 ⎞ ⎛ 25 ⎞ ⎛ 80 ⎞
⎟ ÷⎜ ⎟ ×⎜ ⎟
⎝ 16 ⎠ ⎝ 24 ⎠ ⎝ 81 ⎠
=…………………………………………………………….
=…………………………………………………………….
=…………………………………………………………….
=…………………………………………………………….
 6

2 n +3 × 6 − n + 2
14. =…………………………………………………………….
15 − n −1 × 5 n +1
=…………………………………………………………….
=…………………………………………………………….
=…………………………………………………………….
=…………………………………………………………….
4 − n + 2 • 2 2 n +1 • 8 n +1
15. =…………………………………………………………….
2 3n + 2
=…………………………………………………………….
=…………………………………………………………….
=…………………………………………………………….
=…………………………………………………………….

สมการเลขยกกําลัง (Exponential Equation)

1. เลขยกกําลัง 2 จํานวนเทากัน เมือ่ ฐานไมเปนศูนยหรือหนึ่ง ถาฐานเทากัน เลขชี้กําลังยอมเทากัน
ถา ax = ay แลว x = y เมื่อ a ≠ 0 หรือ a ≠ 0
2. เลขยกกําลัง 2 จํานวนเทากัน แตฐานไมเทากัน ถาเลขชี้กําลังเทากันแลว เลขชี้กําลังยอมเปนศูนย
ถา ax = bx แลว และ a ≠ b แลว x = 0
3. เลขยกกําลัง 2 จํานวนเทากัน ถาเลขชี้กําลังเทากันและไมเปนศูนยแลว ฐานยอมเทากัน
ถา ax = bx แลว และ x ≠ 0 แลว a = b

แบบฝกหัดที่ 2
1. If 5x = (25)4 Find the value of x

2. 33x-1 = 9x+2 Find the value of x

3. (x+1)3 = 512 Find the value of x

 7

4. 93x-1 = 32x-3 Find the value of x

5. 52x-3 = 625 Find the value of x

x −1

6. ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟
64 4
= Find the value of x
⎝ 125 ⎠ 5

7. If (16)x+2 – 1 = 0 Find the value of x

1
8. If (-9)2x = Find the value of (3)-4x
3

9. If 8(29x) = 64x+3 Find the value of x

1
10. If (-2)2x = Find the value of (4)-2x
2
Right-angled triangles and trigonometry
UNIT 10: Compass bearings
Question 1 What is the size of the angle between each pair of directions?
a N and E b N and S c S and SW
d S and ESE e N and NE f N and ENE

Question 2 Which compass bearing is found between:

a E and NE b SE and S c NW and W
d S and SW e N and NW f SE and E

Question 3 A
 lighthouse is 10 nautical miles north-east of a ship. How far is
the ship west of the lighthouse (correct to two decimal places).

Question 4 T
 own Q is southwest of town P. Town R is 80 km due
south of P and due east of Q.
a B
 riefly explain why R is the b Find the distance from P to Q P
same distance from both to the nearest kilometre.
P and Q.
80 km

Q R

Question 5 Town B is SSW of Town A and Town A is WNW of Town C.

a What is the size of ∠BAC?
b If ∠ABC = 40° and find, to the nearest kilometre, the distance from: A
19 km
i 
A to B ii B to C C

40º
B


Right-angled triangles and trigonometry
UNIT 11: True bearings
Question 1 For each diagrams write down the true bearing of Q from P.
N
a N
b N
c d
N

125º Q 125º
67º P Q
P
70º
P Q
Q P

N
N N N
e
f
g
h

P P
P W E
P E 22º
40º 35º
Q
30º
Q
Q
Q S

Question 2 Show the position of point Q on the diagram if the bearing of:
a Q from P Nis 160° b Q from PNis 240° c Q from PNis 080°

P P P

Question 3 A
 ship sailed 12 nautical miles north and then 20 nautical miles west.
Find its bearing (to the nearest degree) from the starting point.

Question 4 A
 helicopter flies 215 km from P to Q on a bearing of 130°. From Q it flies on a bearing
of 220° to R which is due south of P.
a Show this information on a diagram b What is the size of ∠PQR?
c What is the size of ∠QPR?
d How far is it, to the nearest kilometre, from Q to R?



 Chapter 12
Similarity
UNIT 1: The enlargement factor

Question 1 In this diagram, ∆A'B'C' is similar to and an enlargement of ∆ABC. By measuring find
the following. A'
A'B' B'C' A'C' A
a i AB = ii BC = iii AC =
B B'
O
b What is the enlargement factor?
c Write the centre of enlargement. C

C'
Question 2 The following figure is reduced in size and is
similar to quadrilateral ABCD. B
A
A'B' B'C' A' B'
a i AB = ii BC =
C'D' D'A'
iii CD = iv DA = D' C'

b What is the scale factor of reduction. D C

Question 3 Draw the image of the following figure if the scale factor is
1
a 3 b 2

Question 4 Find the scale factor if the figure ABCD has been enlarged to figure A'B'C'D'.

A'

A B'

D' C'
D C