Jessa Marie A.
Mareviles BSED- Science III
Gas Symbol Percent Input (Production)
By
Nitrogen N 78% Industrial nitrogen gas is
produced using cryogenic
fractional distillation of
liquefied air, adsorption
separation of gaseous air, or
membrane permeation.
Oxygen O2 21% The majority of this output
comes from oceanic
plankton, which includes
drifting plants, algae, and
some photosynthetic
bacteria.
Argon Ar 0.9% Fractional distillation is used
to remove argon from liquid
air in an industrial cryogenic
air separation machine.
Water Vapor H2O 0.4% Evaporation or boiling of
liquid water, as well as
sublimation of ice, can
produce water vapor.
Carbon Dioxide CO2 0.04% Carbon dioxide is produced
by the breakdown of organic
materials and the
fermentation of
carbohydrates in the
production of bread, beer,
and wine.
Output (Destruction)
Excess nitrogen in the
atmosphere can result in
pollutants like ammonia and
ozone, which can make it
difficult to breathe, reduce
visibility, and disrupt plant
growth.
UV light is the primary source
of ozone in the stratosphere.
Ordinary oxygen molecules
(O2) are split into two single
oxygen atoms by high-energy
UV photons. This is known as
atomic oxygen. As a result, it
depletes oxygen atoms.
Purified argon products are
primarily produced from air.
Argon is separated from air
through fractionation, most
often through cryogenic
fractional distillation, which
also provides purified
nitrogen, oxygen, neon,
krypton, and xenon.
Burning fossil fuels,
combined with the
destruction of carbon sinks
due to deforestation and
other activities, has resulted
in an increase in the amount
of carbon dioxide in the

Methane CH4 0.00017% Coal, natural gas, and oil
production and
transportation all generate
methane.
Ozone O3 0.00006% Natural chemical interactions
involving solar ultraviolet
radiation (sunlight) and
oxygen molecules, which
make up 21% of the
atmosphere, produce
stratospheric ozone.
atmosphere - more than can
be absorbed by existing
carbon sinks like forests.
Chemical and biological
processes, such as reactions
with air hydroxyl [OH] and
chlorine, as well as methane-
consuming bacteria
(methanotrophs) in soil and
water, naturally degrade
methane.
The main source of ozone
layer degradation has been
identified as
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),
however there are also
substances containing
bromine, other halogen
compounds, and nitrogen
oxides that cause damage.
 Problem Research Methods
One of the features of contemporary science
is the increased interaction between science The triple helix and Mode 2 theories of
and society. Solving today's complex knowledge generation and innovation were
environmental problems requires similar employed to critically analyze and appraise
cooperation.
environmental science in this thesis. The social
embeddedness of science is emphasized in
Mode 2. These knowledge generation theories
are placed at a macro level. Three
environmental research initiatives included
interactive research.
Environmental Research
Collaboration: Cross Sector
Knoeledge Production in
Findings Environmental Science Conclusion and
Five research publications contain the
Recommendation
findings. To begin with, the findings revealed
that the triple helix had evolved into This thesis concludes with a discussion of a
something different on a project level. Mode 3 of knowledge production in which
Participants also experienced limits when research democratization is critical. In this
working in a triple helix-based collaboration, case, a fourth helix depicts society's overall
which could be crossed using boundary- inclusion. The natural environment is used
spanning methods. The use of dialogue as a motivation for collaboration in a fifth
settings in interactive research, such as helix, resulting in a quintuple helix that
research-oriented workshops and seminars, infuses environmental relevance into
helped both participants and researchers collaboration. This thesis adds to our
overcome academic and sectoral understanding of knowledge creation
Complete
boundaries.theThe
table below:
identification of the theories, cross-sector collaboration, and the
collaborative method was required to solve role of environmental science in society.
Layer of the challenges
environmental Altitude Range
utilizing cross- Temperature Gases present in
Atmosphere
sector (km)
research partnership. Range percentage
1.Troposphere 4 to 12 miles (6 to as low as −80 °C Nitrogen 78.0
20 km) high. (−112 °F) in the Oxygen 21.0
tropics to −50 °C Argon 0.9
(−58 °F) in polar
regions.
2.Stratosphere 30 miles (50 km) from an average of 78 percent
above the planet's −51 °C (−60 °F; nitrogen, 21
 surface 220 K) near the percent oxygen and
tropopause to an 0.9 percent argon.
average of −15 °C
(5.0 °F; 260 K) near
the mesosphere
3.Mesosphere 50 to 85 km (31 to The dry air contains
53 miles) above our -90° C (-130° F) 75.51% (mass) of
planet. nitrogen, 23.15% of
oxygen, 1.28% of
argon, 0.046% of
carbon dioxide,
0.00125% of neon,
and close to
0.0007% of other
gases.
4.Thermosphere It extends from The thermosphere atomic oxygen (O),
about 90 km (56 is typically about atomic nitrogen (N),
miles) to between 200° C (360° F) and helium (He) are
500 and 1,000 km hotter in the the main
(311 to 621 miles) daytime than at components of air.
above our planet. night, and roughly
500° C (900° F)
hotter when the
Sun is very active
than at other times.