1

ea
xykpj. k

okaNkdYi r#H; ' p Ñi kfl U/q H; , o pA

i frrkukai kousH; ksoS
".kosH; ksueksue% AA

i zÈkn ukjn i jk' kj i q

. Mjhd O;kl kEcjh"k ' kq
d ' kkS
ud Hkh"enkYH; ku~
~
A
#Deka
xnkt qu ofl "B foHkh"k.kknhu~
Z ~, rkugai jeHkkxorkUuekfeAA

lar l jy fpr t xr fgr] t kfu l q

Hkkml usgq
A
Ckky fou; l q
fu dfj Ñi k] jke pj.k jfr nsgA
qA

ca
nÅ l a
r l eku fpr] fgr v ufgr ughadks;A
va
t fyxr ' kq
Hk l q
eu ft fe] l e l q
xa
/ dj nks;AA

ckj ckj i n oUnka]SJh ukHkk v kHkk , suA

ft u dk<~
~
; kSxkHkk osn dks] HkÙkQ
eky jl nS uAA

fi z;k nkl osQi n dey oUnkSckjEckjA

dhfUg HkfÙkQjl cksf/ uh Vhdk v fr l q
[ k l kjAA

pkfj ; q
xu esaHkxr t s] fruosQi x dh / w fjA
l oZl qfl j / fj jkf[ kgkS
] esjh t hou ew
a fjAA

t ksgfj i zkfIr dh v kl gS] rkSgfj t u xq. k xk;

ur# l qÑr Hkq t scht T; kS
a
] t ue t ue i fNrk; AA

HkÙkQnke l a xzg djS ] dFku Jo.k v uqeknsA

l ksi zHkqI; kjkSi q
=k T; kS
a
] cS
Bsgfj dh xksnAA

Jh gfj t wv k; fojkft , ] dFkk jfl d gfjnkl A

 2

rq
e Jksrk HkÙkQ
eky osQ
] ro i n jt ge nkl AA

Rke
q i kNst ksv kS
j gw
] Jksrk gS
ajl [ kkuA
fruosQl dy euksjFk] i qj oÅ Jh HkxokuAA

HkÙkQHkfÙkQHkxoUr xq#] prq ukZ

e oi q, dA
buosQi n oanu fd, ] uk' kfgafo?u v usd AA

eaxy v kfn fopkfj jg] oLrqu v kS j v uw

iA
gfjt u dks; ' k xkors] gfj t u ea
xy : i AA

l rau fefy fu.kZ; fd; ks] efFk i q

j k.k bfrgkl A
Hkt csdksnksbZl q
?kj] oS
Qgfj oS Qgfjnkl AA

Jh xq
# v xznso v kKk nbZ
] gfj HkÙkQ
u dks; ' k xkoA
Hko l kxj osQrju dkS ] ukfgu v kS
j mi koAA



 3

xza
Fk dk i zkdV~
;

HkÙkQmUgsadgrsgSaft uosQân; esaHkxoku osQpj.k dey osQi zfr fu"dke i zse gksrk gS A
Hkxoku dh cukbZgq bZbl okfVdk esaf[ kysgq , t ksHkÙkQi q
"i gS
] mUgsaukHkk t h uke osQfo}ku
a
lar us l axzghr fd; k v kS
j ml s , d xzaFk dk v kdkj i znku fd; k ft l s HkÙkQ eky dgrs gS A
a
HkÙkQ
eky ekus, slh ekyk ft l esaHkÙkQpfj=kksadksxq
fEi Q
r fd; k x; k gksA

ckj ckj i n oUnkS] Jh ukHkk v kHkk , suA

a
ft u dk<~
~
; kSxkHkk osn dks] HkÙkQ
eky jl nS uAA

jkekuUnkpk; Zt h osQf' k"; FksLokeh vuUrkuUnkpk; Zt h] muosQf' k"; Jh ujgfj; kuUnkpk; Z

t h egkjkt ] ft udk uke Jh ujgfjnkl t h Hkh i zfl ¼ gS ] mUghaosQf' k"; FksxksLokeh rq
y l hnkl
t hA bl h i jEi jk esav uUrkuUnkpk; Zt h osQv U; f' k"; Jh Ñ".k nkl fcgkjh t h egkjkt osQ
f' k"; FksLokeh v xznsokpk; Zt h egkjkt A bUghaosQf' k"; Fksukjk; .k nkl t h egkjkt t ksv i us
mi uke ukHkk t h osQuke l s i zfl ¼ gq , A mUgksa
us xq
#t h dh ukfHk ( ân; ) dh ckr t ku yh
bl fy, xq #t h usdgkµ v kt l srq e ukHkk gksx, A

Hkxor~/ ke i / kjusosQl kSo"kZckn i zd V gksdj ukHkk t h usfi z;knkl t h dksVhdk

fy[ kusdh v kKk dhAfi z;knkl t h usHkfÙkQ
jl cksf/ uh Vhdk fy[ kh t ksi zkekf.kd Vhdk ekuh t krh
gS
A

fi z;k nkl osQi n dey oUnkSckjEckjA

dhfUg HkfÙkQjl cksf/ uh Vhdk v fr l q
[ k l kjAA

Jh pS
r U; egki zHkqosQi fjdjksaesa, d Fks Jh xksiky HkêðLokehi knA bUghaosQBkoq Qj
oà
nkou osQJh jk/ k je.k yky t h gS
Axksiky Hkêðt h osQf' k"; Jh fuokl kpk; Zt h osQf' k"; Fks
a
 4

euksgjnkl t h egkjkt v kS j muosQf' k"; FksJh fi z;k nkl t hµ pS r U; egki zHkqdh i ka poh i h<+ hA
ukHkk t h osQpfj=k dk o.kZ u budh Vhdk esagh feyrk gS A
ukHkk t h dk t Ue guq eku oa ' k esagq v k FkkA ost Ue l sgh us=kghu FksA t c v ki dh mez
i kap o"kZdh Fkh rc Hk; a d j vdky i M+ kAv dky osQnq [ k l snq f[ kr ekrk bUgsaou esaNksM+xbZ A
; g ekrk v kS j ckyd nksuksaosQfy, fdruh cM+ h foi fÙk Fkh! nS o; ksx l sJh dhYgnso t h v kS j
v xznsokpk; Zt h ml h ekxZl sfudys Aosfl ¼ l a r FksAmUgksa uso`Q i k djosQv i usde.My l st y
ysdj ckyd osQus=kksai j fNM+ d fn; kAl a r ksadh o`Q i k l sukHkk t h osQus=k [ kq y x, v kS j l keus
nksuksal ar ksadksns[k dj bUgsai je v kuUn gq v kA ukHkk t h muosQpj.kksaesai M+x, A nksuksal a r
ckyd dks v i us l kFk xyrk v kJe ( t ; i q j ) ys v k, A Jh dhYgnso t h dh v kKk l s
v xznsokpk; Zt h usbUgsajke ea =k dk mi ns'k fn; k v kS j ukjk; .knkl uke j[ kkA xyrk v kJe esa
[ kwc la r l sok gksrh FkhAv xznsokpk; Zt h usckyd ukjk; .knkl dksl a r l sok esayxkk fn; kAl a r
l sok] l a r pj.kksnd v kS j l hFk i zlkn l s buosQân; esaHkÙkQ &Hkxoku osQi zfr i zse dh , slh
v fHkof̀¼ gq bZft l dk i kj ughai k; k t k l drkA
, d ckj Lokeh v xznso t h egkjkt ekul h l sok esal a y Xu Fksv kS j ukHkk t h / hjs/ hjsi zse
l si a [ kk dj jgsFksA ml h l e; v xznso t h dk , d f' k"; l eq nzdh ; k=kk dj jgk FkkA ml dk
t gkt Hka oj esai aQl x; kA pkyd fu#i k; gksx, rc ml usv i usxq # v xznso t h dk Lej.k
fd; kA bl l smudk eu Hkxoku Jh l hrkjke t h dh l sok l sgV x; kA xq #nso dh ekul h l sok
osQfo?u dkst kudj ukHkk t h usi a [ ks dh ok; ql st gkt dksl a d V l si kj dj fn; k v kS j
fouezrki w oZd cksy s& i zHkks] t gkt rkscgq r nw j fudy x; k] vc v ki j?kq ukFk t h dh l sok i w jh
dj yhft , A ; g l q u dj v xznso t h usv ka [ ksa[ kksy h v kS j iwNk& v Hkh dkS u cksy k\ ukHkk t h us
gkFk t ksM+dj dgk& ft l sv ki uscpi u l sl hFk i zlknh nsd j i kyk gS ] ml h v ki osQnkl us
i zkFkZ
uk dh gS A
v xznso t h dksegku v k' p; Zgq v k fd bl dk i zos'k esjh ekul h l sok rd gksx; k v kS j
bl us; ghal st gkt dh j{kk Hkh dj yhA f' k"; osQeu dh ckr xq # t ku ysrksdksbZv k' p; Z
ugh]a i j xq # osQeu dh ckr f' k"; t kusrksfu' p; gh ; g fo' ks"k ckr gS A ukfHk dh ckr t ku
ysusosQdkj.k gh xq #nso usmudksdgk& v kt l srq e ukHkk gq , Afi Q j i zlUurki woZd mUgksausv kKk
nh fd rq EgkjsmQ ij l ar ksadh ; g fo' ks"k o`Q i k gq bZgSA v c rq e mUghal k/ q &l a
r ksaosQxq
. k] Lo: i
v kjS ân; osQHkkoksadk o.kZ u djksAbl v kKkdksl q udj ukHkk t h usdgk& xq #nso] eS aHkxoku Jh
jke&o`Q ".k osQpfj=k dksrksoq QN xk l drk gw ] i jUrql a
a r ksaosQpfj=k dk v ksj Nksj ughai k l drk]
D; ksafd HkÙkQ ksadh HkfÙkQdk jgL; v fr xEHkhj gS A rc Jh v xznso t h us l e>k dj dgk&
 5

ft Ugksa
usrqEgsaekul h esaesjh l sok v kSj l kxj esauko fn[ kk nh] osgh HkÙkQHkxoku rq Egkjsân; esa
v kdj v i uk Lo: i fn[ kk, a xsv kSj l c jgL; ksadksdgsa xsA
bl fy, HkÙkQeky esaHkÙkQ ksaosQpfj=k dk dksbZoz Q
e ughagS A ; fn ukHkk t h us; kst uk cuk
dj fy[ kk gksrk rksfu' p; gh os, d i jEi jk osQHkÙkQ ksadk pfj=k , d ozQ e l sfy[ krsA ; fn
pSr U; egki zHkqdh i jEi jk osQl a r ksadk pfj=k , d ozQ e l sgksrk] oYyHkkpk; Zegki zHkqosQv uq xrksa
dk pfj=k , d ozQ e l sgksrk rksgeykxsksadksHkh cM+ hl q
fo/ k gksrhA ysfdu t c t c ft l ft l
HkÙkQusukHkk t h osQl keusi zd V gksdj v i uh HkfÙkQosQjgL; dkscrk; k] rc rc oS l sgh
ukHkk t h usmudk o.kZ u dj fn; kAbl i zd kj HkÙkQ ksaosQuke&xq . kksadh l q
nj ekyk rS
a ; kj gksxbZA
Jh ukHkk t h dh ok.kh gS &

dkgwosQcy t ksx t K oq
Q
y djuh dh v kl AHkÙkQuke ekyk ^v xj* mj cl kSukjk; .knkl AA

HkÙkQeky osQnksHkkx gS &iw

a okZ
/ Zv kS j mÙkjk/ Z
Ai w
okZ / Zesal r; qx] =ksrk v kSj }ki j osQHkÙkQksa
dk pfj=k gS A bu l cdh dFkk, arksi q j k.kksaesaHkh foLrkj l sfeyrh gS ] v r%ukHkk t h usbudk
a
o.kZ ula {ksi esagh fd; k gS A mÙkjk/ Zesadfy; q x osQHkÙkQ ksadk pfjr ukHkk t h usv f/ d foLrkj
l sxk; k gS ] D; ksa
fd gesafo' ks"k i zsj.kk Hkh bUghal si zkIr gksxhA i kS j kf.kd HkÙkQ ksaosQfy, rksge
l kspus yxrs gS afd og rks l R;; q x Fkk] v c dfy; q x esa, slh HkfÙkQdgkal a Hko gS \ fda rq
dfydky osQHkÙkQ ksadh dFkk l q u dj yxrk gSfd HkfÙkQosQfy, dky dh ck/ k ughagS A
S
mnkgj.k osQfy, ehjk t h dh HkfÙkQnsf[ k, & }ki j dh xksfi ; ksal sHkh ehjk t h dh HkfÙkQmRoQ̀ "V
l kfcr gksrh gS ] D; ksa fd ehjkt h usv R;a r i zfrowQy i fjfLFkfr esajgrsgq , fxj/ j xksiky l si zse
fd; kA
ukHkk t h cz ã kt h osQv orkj FksA Hkxoku Jh o`Q ".k dh yhyk l a i knu esamuosQ}kjk xksi
ckydksav kS j cNM+ ksaosQv i gj.k osQdkj.k HkÙkQ &Hkxoku dk fcNksg gq v k FkkA v c ukHkk t h osQ
: i esaHkÙkQ ksadh ekyk Bkoq Q
j t h dks/ kj.k djk nsusl smuosQml v i jk/ dh fuof̀Ùk gq bZv kS
j
oS".koksadks, d v uq i e xza
Fk dh i zkfIr gq bZ
A


 6

HkÙkQpfj=k dh egÙkk

; fn fdl h l sdgk t k, fd HkÙkQdk uke fy, fcuk] HkÙkQpfj=k dgsfcuk Hkxor~

pfj=k dgsarksHkxoku osQl a cU/ esa, d okD; Hkh ughadgk t k, xkAbl h i zd kj Hkxoku osQuke]
mudh efgek] : i ] yhyk osQfcuk HkÙkQdh dFkk l a Hko ugha
A
iqj k.kksaesa
] egkHkkjr esaeq[ ; : i l sHkÙkQpfj=k gh gS A gekjsHkÙkQ
a eky osQfl ¼kUr esa
HkÙkQosQfcuk v osQ ysBkoq Qj t h dk n' kZ u iw. kZn' kZ
u ughaekuk t krk] ; | fi Hkxoku i fji w. kZ
re
gSAt S
a l sx£Hk.kh ukjh osQxHkZesackyd jgrk gS ] oS
l sHkxoku HkÙkQ
ksaosQv Ur% dj.k esafojkt rsgS A
a
; fn ml ckyd dk l Rdkj djuk gSrks, d gh l k/ u gSfd ml x£Hk.kh ukjh dk l Rdkj fd; k
t k, ] ml si kS f"Vd v kgkj fn; k t k, A rc xHkZesafo| eku f' k' kqv i usv ki rq "V v kS
j iq
"V gks
t k, xkAbl h i zd kj HkÙkQdksl a rq
"V djusosQckn Hkxoku dksv yx l sl a rq"V ughadjuk i M+r kA
Hkxoku usLo; av i usJh eq [ k l sdgk gSfd czkã.kksaosQeq [ k : i h v fXu esaJ¼k i woZd
v kgqfr nsusl st S l seS
arÌr gksrk gw] oS
a l k rÌr eS av fXu esa^Lokgk&Lokgk* djusl sughagksrkA
bl dk dkj.k ; gh gSfd fujUrj Lej.k osQdkj.k buosQru&eu&i zk.k esafujUrj Hkxoku dh
mi fLFkfr cuh jgrh gS AoS l srksHkxoku l Hkh esafo| eku gS ai j dchj t h dh ok.kh gS &

l c ?kV esjk l kb; ka[ kkyh ?kV ughadks;Acfygkjh ok l a

r dh t k ?kV i jxV gks;AA

Hkxoku rksl c t xg fo| eku gS ai j ?kM+sosQv a nj j[ ksnhi d dk i zd k' k ckgj ugha

iSQyrkAml nhi d dksfdl h ' kq ¼ Li Q fVd dh ea tw"kk osQva nj j[ k fn; k t k, rksml dk i zd k' k
pkjksav ksj i S Q
yusyxrk gS Al a r ân; ef.k ea tw
"kk osQl eku gS A Hkxor~rÙo buesafo' ks"k : i l s
i zd kf' kr gksrk gS A ml dk i zd k' k ckgj rd fn[ kkbZi M+ r k gSAl a r f' kjksef.k ukjk; .k nkl t h
HkÙkQ ekyh ( ekekt h) osQn' kZ u t c Hkh gksrsrksHkxoku dh fnO;rk muosQjkse jkse l s>ydrh
FkhAmuosQLo: i ] muosQLoHkko] mudh fouezrk esafnO;rk >ydrh FkhA
; | fi ; g Hkh dgk t k l drk gSfd Hkxoku osQân; esaHkÙkQjgrsgS ] i j ; gkafo"k; osQ
a
v uq l kj gesaukHkk t h osQnf̀"Vdks.k dksekuuk gSfd v Ur% dj.k es afojkft r Hkxoku osQl kFk
HkÙkQdk n' kZ u i fji w
. kZn' kZ
u gS Afp=kow QV esaJh rq y l hnkl t h dksguq eku t h dh Ñi k l sjket h
dk n' kZ u gq v k rc mUgksa usml si fji w. kZn' kZ
u ughaekukAt c mUgsav ; ksè; k osQnjckj esaJh Hkjr
t h] ' k=kq ?u t h] y{e.k t h] t kudh ekrk v kS j guqeku t h osQl fgr >ka d h dk n' kZ u gqv k rHkh
mUgksausekuk fd i fji w . kZn' kZ
u gqv k] D; ksa
fd ; g n' kZu HkÙkQksaosQl fgr FkkA
 7

HkÙkQ
ksaosQpfj=k osQfcuk Hkxoku dk pfj=k ughacurk v kS j Hkxoku dh mi fLFkfr osQfcuk
HkÙkQdk pfj=k ughadgk t k l drkAukjn t h usi k.Moksadh HkfÙkQdksl oZ J s"B crk; k] D; ksa
fd
muosQ; gkarksHkxoku v kl fÙkQi w oZ
d fuokl djrsFksA muosQrksl kjFkh Hkh cus] , slk fdl h osQ
l kFk ughagq v kAv Bkjgksai q
j k.k esaHkÙkQpfj=k gSav kSj egkHkkjr esarksHkÙkQksaosQpfj=k osQekè; e
l sgh Hkxor~pfj=k dgk x; k gS Afda r qHkÙkQ
eky xza
Fk dh fo' ks"krk gSfd ; gkai z/ku : i l sHkÙkQ
pfj=k dgk x; k gS ] fdl h v U; dFkk osQC;kt l sugha A ukHkk t h usfo' ks"k : i l sHkÙkQksaosQ
pfj=k dksfy[ kk gS A HkÙkQ
eky dk i z/ku fo"k; HkÙkQpfj=k fu: i .k gh gS ] ; gkaLorU=k : i l s
Hkxoku dh ppkZughagS A HkÙkQksadh dFkkv ksaesaft l i zd kj Hkxoku v k x, gS ] ml dh ppkZgS
a A
ukHkkt h usrks?kks"k.kk dj nhµ

t ksgfj i zkfIr dh v kl gS ] rksgfjt u xq

. k xk; A
ur# l qÑr Hkq t scht T; kS
] t ue t ue i fNrk; AA
a

t hou dh l kFkZd rk bl h esagSfd bl h t hou esa ] bl h ' kjhj l s] bUghaus=kksal sHkxor~ ~

l k{kkRdkj gkst k, A; fn Hkxor~n' kZu dh v fHkyk"kk gSrksHkÙkQ ksaosQpfj=kksadksxkv ks] ; fn HkÙkQ
ksa
dk v kJ; ughafy; k rksrq Egkjsl q
Ñr : i h t kscht gS ] osHkq
a u t k, axsAHkq
usgq , cht ksaesav a
oqQ
ju
' kfÙkQughagksrhA
ukHkkt h dgrsgS afd HkÙkQpfj=k dk v kJ; fdl h Hkh i zd kj l sysyksA HkÙkQpfj=k ; =k
r=k fc[ kjsi M+ sgS
] t : jh ughafd mudk mYys[k xzUFkksaesagq
a v k gh gks] v ki osQv kl i kl Hkh
v usd fnO; l a r fojkt eku gS] , slsHkÙkQi q
a #"k fdl h o.kZ; k v kJe esaca / sgq, Hkh ughagS A
a
Hkxoku dk HkÙkQrksi ' kq; ksfu esaHkh gksl drk gS A o.kkZ J e O;oLFkk rkseuq "; osQfy, gS A
xt sUnzegkHkÙkQgS AukHkk t h usHkÙkQ
a eky esa, slsHkÙkQi ' kqi f{k; ksadk Hkh pfj=k dgk gS A

gel ksabu l k/ q
u l ksi a
xfrA
ft udksuke ysr nq [ k Nw
Vr] l q [ k yw
Vr fru l a xfrAA
eq[ ; egUr dke jfr x.ki fr] v t egs'k ukjk; .kA
lqj uj v l q
j eq uh i {kh i ' kq
] t sgfj HkfÙkQi jk; .kAA

rhu yksd pkS

ng Hkq
ouu esa
] Hk, gksa
; gfj I; kjsAfru fru l ksaO;ogkj gekjks] v fHkekfuu rsU;kjsA
 8

HkÙkQdh i gpku ; gh gS A HkfÙkQt c i fji Do gksrh gSrksv fHkeku ughajg t krk] nS U;

i zd V gkst krk gS Agekjsczt e.My dh , d egku foHkw fr FksJh fi z;k' kj.k ckckAi a fMr Jh x; k
i zlkn t h usHkh nh?kZdky rd mudk l Rla x fd; k FkkA t Ue rksmudk okjk.kl h dk Fkk v kS j
cM+ sl Ei Uu rFkk fo}ku Fks] fda r qgekjsfcgkjh t h dh oa ' kh ft l osQdkuksaesai M+ r h gSog xksih
l c NksM+dj nkS M+h pyh v krh gS Aja x p<+x; k v kS j osczt esav k x, Aogkana MkSr h i fjØek gks
jgh FkhA mUgksausi wNkµ ; g D; k gksjgk gS \ yksxksauscrk; k fd i q #"kksÙke ekl gSbl esana MkS
rh
yxkbZt krh gS ] bl l seuksd keuk i wj h gksrh gS
Ackck usHkh na MkS
r h yxkbZ Aeuksd keuk ; gh Fkh fd
ozt osQckgj ru eu i zk.k u t k; AmUgsav [ k.M ozt okl i zkIr gq v kA i je ohrjkxh FksA muosQ
jkse jkse l sjk/ k uke dk mPpkj.k gq v k djrk FkkAR;kx ri dh ew £r FksAfi z;k' kj.k ckck us, d
t xg v i uh v uq Hko ok.kh esadgk gS µ l kSHkkX; l st ho t c Jh Ñ".k dFkk esacS Brk gSrks
Hkxoku dFkk osQekè; e l & s i zfo"Vks d.kZja / zsuµ d.kZ ja/ z osQekè; e l s i zos'k djrs rks gS ]
a
ysfdu i gysmudh i zk.kfi z;k HkfÙkQnsoh i zos'k djrh gS ] D; ksa
a fd HkfÙkQt c cS B t k, xh rksLo; a
Hkxokuµ ; kfr uhp xg̀sLofi Ai gysHkfÙkQfojkt rh gS ] fda r qi zos'k djosQog ns[krh gSfd esjs
fy, mi ; q ÙkQv kl u gSfd ugha Ackck dgrsgS µ
a esjsv uq Hko l sHkfÙkQdk v kl u nS U; gS A
rq
y l h nkl t h dk nS U; nsf[ k, A ukHkkt h usrksmuosQfy, fy[ kk gSfd dfy oq Q
fVy
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j osrq y l hnkl t h Loa ; osQfy, dgrsgS a
µ

ca
pd Hkxr dgkb jke osQ Afda d j dapu dksg dke osQ AA
fru egq ai zFke js[k t x eksjhA/ ha
x / jeèot / a / d / ksjhAA
t kS
av i usv oxq . k l c dgÅa ] ck<+sdFkk i kj ughaygÅa AA
rkrseSav fr v yi c[ kkus] Fkksjsegqat kfugfgal ; kusAA

ckck dgrsFksfd HkfÙkQnsoh t c i zos'k djrh gSrksns[krh ga Sfd nSU; dk v kl u fcNk

gq
v k gSfd ugha A; fn nS U; dk v kl u fcNk gksrksv fopy Hkko l sml ân; esaokl dj ysrh
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A v kS
a j t c HkfÙkQfuokl dj ysrh gS arksBkoqQ
j t h fi Q
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xs\ Bkoq
Qj t h usjkl yhyk
osQi zla
x esaJh fd' kksjh t h l sdgk gS
µ

dgkat k, xh i ra
x rsjsgkFk esagSMksjAcu ukpsuVuh dksv kyh uUn dksfd' kksjAA
 9

gsfd' kksjh t w
] eS
ai ra
x gwai j Mksjh rksrq
EgkjsgkFk esagS
Apkgsft ruk Åi j mM+ k nks] t c
[ kha
puk pkgksxh rksesjk o' k ugha
] eq>sv kuk gh i M+sxkAHkfÙkQfi z;k gS
] l k{kkr~Jh jk/ k jkuh gS
a A
a
osân; esafojkt eku gksdj [ kha psa
xh rksv kuk gh i M+sxkA

l dy Hkq
ou eè; sfu/ Z
ukLrs¿fi / U;k%Afuol fr âfn ; s"kkaJh gjsHkZ
fÙkQ
jsd kA
gfjjfi fut yksoa
Ql oZ
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=kkisu¼%
AA

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v uq ' khyu osQfcuk nS U; Hkko dk v foHkkZ o ughagksl drkA HkÙkQpfj=k dk v kJ; u ysarks
Hkxoku dh i zkfIr osQv U; l k/ u ml s v ga d kj jfgr ughacuk i k, a x]s v fi rqml osQfpÙk esa
v ga d kj dksv kS j Hkh Hkjusokysgkst k, a xsAckr l q uusesav Vi Vh yx jgh gksxh ysfdu ; FkkFkZgS A
eS acgq r Hkt u djrk gw ] eS
a acgq r dhrZ u djrk gw a
] eSabrusyk[ k uke t i djrk gw a
.... bl dks
xksLokeh t h usHkfÙkQegkjkuh dk eS y dgk gS µ v fHkeku va x vaxfu Nq M+kb, AHkÙkQ eky esaHkÙkQ
pfj=k l q ursl q ursJh l ukru xksLokeh i kn dk pfj=k l q uusdksfeys xk] ft Ugsajkt kv ksat S
l k oSHko
i zkIr Fkkµ l a l kj Lokn l q [ k cka
r T; kSanqg : i &l ukru R;kfx fn; kS Al Hkh l q[ kksadksv fuR; l e>
dj mUgksa usoà nkou okl fd; kA osl ukru xksLokeh i kn t ksl ksusdh i kydh esacS B dj pyrs
Fks] l S d M+
a ksankl nkfl ; kaft uosQ; gkajgrsFks] oseghusesa, d fnu e/ q d jh djuseFkq j k t krs]
D; ksafd ml dky esa( i ka p l k<+ si ka
p l kSl ky i gys) oà nkou esafdl h xg̀LFk dk fuokl ugha
FkkAjksVh eka x dj ykrsAt eq uk t h dh jt esaml dksxkM+nsrsAckbZ l ?kaVsrd v kl u l scS B dj
Hkt u djrsA bl osQckn {kq / k l rkrh rksjt esal s, d jksVh fudky] jt dks>kM+; eq uk t h osQ
t y esafHkxksdj i k ysrsA
; g pfj=k l q uusosQckn l k/ u dk v ga d kj jgsxk\ l c oqQ N NksM+k mul susg t ksM+ usosQ
fy, A Bkoq Qj enu eksgu t h dksl w [ kh ckVh cuk dj NksVsNksVsVq d M+srksM+dj gkFk l sf[ kykrs
FksA Bkoq Q
j t h l peq p muosQgkFk l s[ kkrsFksA , d fnu mUgksa usdgkµ ckck v ki ckVh rkscM+ s
i zse l s cukrs gks] bl esarfud ued Mky fn; k djks rks Lokn cu t k, A mUgksa us ued dh
O;oLFkk dh rksv xysfnu Bkoq Qj t h dgusyxs& ckck] ued l sLokn rksv k x; ksi j l w [ kh
ckVh xysl suhpsmrjrh ugha ] FkksM+
k ?kh pqi M+nsrsrks.... l ukru xksLokeh t h l ko/ ku gksx, µ
¶i gysued] fi Q j ?kh] fi Qj dgksxsjcM+ h pkfg, ] [ khj pkfg, .... eSabudh O;oLFkk d: a xk fd
Hkt u d: a xk\ rq Egsa; g l c pkfg, rksO;oLFkk Lo; adj yksA̧ Bkoq Qj t h cksy sµ ¶ckck] rwgka
 10

dj nscl ] eks; t t eku psrk; cks[ kw c v koS A̧ xksLokeh t h osQgkadjusi j mUgksa usyhyk jph
v kSj ; equk t h esaued l sHkjk , d t gkt t k jgk Fkk] ml sv Vdk fn; kAml osQekfyd uscgq r
i z;Ru fd; k i j t gkt fgyk rd ugha A rc Xokfj; k ckyd osQ: i esaogkai gq p dj cksy µ
a s
¶l sB rwdkgsgkFk i S j ekj jg~ ; ksgS] ogkav kfnR; Vhyk i j l ukru ckck jgsgS ] okosQi kl t k]
a
rsjksdke cu t k; xksA̧ l sB i gq pk v kS
a j ckck dksi z.kke fd; kAosrksl e> x, fd Bkoq Qj enu
eksgu t h ust t eku psrk; k gS A Lo; aHkt u djrsjgsv kS j Bkoq Q
j t h dh v ksj b' kkjk dj fn; kA
enu eksgu t h dk n' kZ u dj l sB g"kZl sfoày gksx; k v kS j ml h l e; l a d Yi fd; k fd bl
t gkt osQeky dh fcØh l st ksoq Q
N Hkh v k, xk ml l sbudk HkO; ea fnj cuk dj jkx&Hkksx dh
v PNh O;oLFkk d: a xkA
l c oq QN gksusi j Bkoq Qj t h usl ukru ckck dksHkh pyusdgkAoscksy µ s ¶rqe ek; ki fr
gks] ; sjcMh + eykbZrq Egkjsfy, gh Bhd gS ] esjsfy, rkse/ q d jh gh Bhd gS A( ; g dFkk foLrkj
l smuosQpfj=k esav k, xh) eS arksv c v kS j ksadh Hkkafr nwj l sgh rq Egkjk n' kZ
u dj fy; k d: a xkA̧
v c crkb, ] , slsoS j kX; ] , slh jguh] Hkt u dh , slk fu"Bk dh dFkk l q u dj D; k v ki dk
v fHkeku jg l drk gSfd eS arksjkst ?kaVsnks?ka VsHkt u djrk gw Abl h i zd kj Lokeh gfjnkl t h
a
egkjkt dk pfj=k gS A jkt k egkjkt k] v dcj ckn' kkg rd muosQn' kZ u dksykykf; r jgrsFksA
rkul su v kjS cS t wckojk muosQf' k"; jgsAv dcj rksmuosQn' kZ u osQfy, rkul su dk rkui w j k ys
dj pyusdks] ml osQl sod dk os'k / jusrS ; kj gksx; kAosi zfrfnu NIi u Hkksx dk Hkksx yxkrs
v kSj eNyh] dNq v k] i {kh v kS
j ; fn dksbZv frfFk gksrksml sf[ kykrsv kS j Lo; av k/ h NaVkd pus
dh nky fHkxksdj i k ysrsA ( budk foLrr̀ pfj=k Hkh v kxsv k, xk) budh jguh i j fcgkjh t h
osQHkh us=k l t y gksx, rksbUgksa usdgkµ ¶t St S ] ; smÙke Hkksx rksv ki osQfy, gh Bhd gS ]
a
ge fojÙkQ ksadh jguh rks, slh gh gksuh pkfg, A v ki pkgrsgS arksFkksM+kl q/ kj dj ysrk gw A̧
a
v xysfnu l sxsgw av kS
j pusosQv kVsdh ckVh cukrs] fda r qog fcgkjh t h osQ; ksX; ughagSv r%
l kr ckj muosQpj.k l sÅi j rd ?kq ek dj fi Q j fdl h oq Q
at esacS B dj i k ysrsµ pkS chl ?ka Vs
esacl , d ckjA fcgkjh t h usi w Nkµ ¶; g oS Ql k fo/ ku gS \ ¸ Lokeh t h usdgkµ ¶fi z;re]
rqEgkjh t ksv yk; cyk; gksog l c bl ckVh esav k t k, A fdrusyksx n' kZ u djusv krsgS ]
a
fdruksadh ut j yxrh gksxhAl c dh ut j&xq t j ge ogu dj ysa A̧ ; g gSjguh! , slsl a r ksadk
pfj=k l q uusl si rk pyrk gSfd ge dgkagS A fi Q
a j l k/ u dk v ga d kj ughajgsxkA ân; i zse l s
Hkj t k, xkAbl fy, fi z;k nkl t h usVhdk esafy[ kk gS µ

t ksykS
ajgsnw
j jgsfoeq
[ krk i w
j ] fg; ksgks; pw
j pw
j uS
oq
QJo.k yxk; gS
AA
a
 11

t c rd l k/ d HkÙkQpfj=k l snw j jgrk gS

] rc rd ân; esafoeq [ krk cuh jgsxh i j t c
i sze l sHkÙkQ
eky dh dFkk l q uuscS Brk gSrksµ fg; ksgks; pw
j pw
j uS
oq
QJo.k yxk; AFkksM+
a k l k Hkh
dku esai M+t krk gSrksv ga d kj pw j pw
j gkst krk gS
Abl h osQdkj.k gh rksot zl h Nkrh gksjgh
gS ApSr U; i zHkqdk okD; gSµ gsukFk] dc gekjst hou esa; g fLFkfr gksxh] v ki dk uke ysrsgh
esjsu; uksal sv t l zv Jq/ kjk i zokfgr gksusyx t k, xh] oaQ
B xn~xn~gkst k, xk] ' kjhj jkseka
fpr gks
t k, xk\

u; uaxyr v Jq/ kj ; %onuaxn~

~
xn~#¼; k fxjkA
iq
y oaQfufprSoi qxnk ro uke xzg.ksHkfo"; frAA

; g fLFkfr HkÙkQpfj=kksaosQJo.k l sl gt gh i zkIr gkst krh gS

Abl i zd kj nSU; t kxzr
gksrk gSrksHkfÙkQegkjkuh ân; esai zos'k djusosQckn mi ; q ÙkQv kl u i k dj fojkt rh gSA
a

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 12

HkÙkQ
eky os
Qvf/ dkjh

, d ckr gS ] HkÙkQ
eky Jo.k osQl c v f/ dkjh ughagS Anh?kZ
a d ky rd Jhen~Hkkxor v kS j
jkepfjrekul v kfn xzUFkksadk vuq ' khyu djusi j og Hkw fedk rS; kj gksrh gSfd HkÙkQ
eky Jo.k
fd; k t k, ] D; ksa
fd dbZpfj=k rks, slsgS
afd l kekU; t ho osQfpÙk esafo' okl gh ughagksxk v kS j
og dgsxkµ v js! ; g rkseu%dfYi r fy[ k fn; k x; k gS A; fn , slk Hkko ml osQfpÙk esav k, xk
rc D; k gksxk\ ukHkk t h dg jgsgS a
µ

gfj t u dksxq
. k cjurst ksdjSv l w ; k v k; A
bgkamnj ck<+sfcFkk v kSi jyksd ul k; AA

v uf/ dkjh O;fÙkQt c HkÙkQpfj=k l q usxk rksml sxq . kksaesaHkh nks"k gh fn[ kkbZnsaxs] og
nks"kksadk gh v uq la / ku djsxkA ; fn , slh i zof̀Ùk jgsxh rksi jyksd dh gkfu gksxh v kS j t hou esa
dHkh l q [ k ' kka
fr feysxh ugha A ; g Hkko n`<+jguk pkfg, fd HkÙkQ ksaosQfo"k; esat ksoq Q N dgk
t k jgk gSog ; FkkFkZgS ] v frjaft r djosQughadgk t k jgkAHkxoku osQHkÙkQosQpfj=k esal c
oq Q
Nl a Hko gS ] oqQN Hkh v l a Hko ughagS µ mRd"kZl q ur l a r u dksv pjt dksÅ t fu djks
n`"Vka
r nsjgsgS µ
a Hkxoku usv Ecjh"k osQi zla x esanq okZ l k Í f"k dksLi "V ' kCnksaesadg
fn; k fd l a r iq #"k l rh l kèoh i Ruh osQl eku gS av kS
j eS amuosQl nkpkjh i fr osQl ekuAeS al nk
muosQo' k esajgrk gw A t ksl eLr oq
a Q VqEc] yksd ] i jyksd ] eks{k rd dksR;kx dj esjh ' kj.k esa
v k x, gS amu HkÙkQ ksadh j{kk d: afd mul sfojks/ djusokysdh j{kk d: a \ crkv ks] mfpr
D; k gS \ nq okZl k t h usdgkµ ¶eS av krZgw av kS
j v ki v k£r gj.k gS A̧ Hkxoku usdgkµ ¶nq
a okZ
lk
t h] eS av £r gj.k v o' ; gw ai j HkÙkQdksd"V nsusokysosQfy, dnkfi ugha A̧ ¶i zHkksv ki
czã .; nso gS av kSj eS aczkã.k gw A̧ Hkxoku usdgkµ ¶eS
a aczã .; nso v o' ; gw ai j HkÙkQdksd"V
nsusokysczkã.k dk ugha A̧ v kt nq okZl k t h dk czã rst ] ri ] R;kx v kfn l c oq QN HkfÙkQosQ
rst osQl keusi Q hdk gksx; kAbl fy, ukHkk t h usbl sn`"VkUr cuk; k gS A
bl h i zd kj / zq o t h dh efgek nsf[ k, ] Hkxoku muosQl keusi zd V ughagq , cfYd pysA
yksxksausi w Nkµ ¶t St S ] v kt v ki x#M+i j fojkt eku gksd j dgkat k jgsgS a
\ ¸ mUgksa
usdgkµ
¶ge HkÙkQosQn' kZ u djust k jgsgS A̧ ; g ughadgk fd n' kZ
a u nsust k jgsgS A oki l Hkh ml h
a
i zd kj ykSVsµ v ka [ kksal sv Jq>j jgsgS a.... crk; k fd ge HkÙkQosQfo; ksx l snq [ kh gS
Abl i zd kj
a
 13

HkÙkQosQl q ; ' k dk foLrkj djusosQfy, , slk fd; kAt S l sHkÙkQn' kZu djrk gSoS l sv i yd us=kksa
l sHkxoku / zq o t h dk n' kZ u dj jgsgS A
a
bl h i zd kj i zÈkn t h osQi zla x esaHkh v k; k gSfd t c uf̀l a g Hkxoku uspj.kksaesai M+ s
i zÈkn dksns[kk rksosHkÙkQokRl Y; esaLo; aMw c x, A yi d dj xksn esaysfy; k] eLrd i j
dj dey i / jk; kA ge yksx Hkh v Hkh Hkxoku osQdj dey dh Nk; k esagh cS BsgSA Hkxoku
a
i zlUu gksdj eLrd i j dj dey j[ ksa ] ml l sft ruk i Q k; nk gksrk gSmruk i Q k; nk dFkk l quus
l sgkst krk gS AHkxoku i zÈkn t h dksxksn esafcBk dj v Jqcgk jgsgS av kSj dg jgsgS afd t ks
gekjk rq Egkjk Lej.k djsa xsosdeZcU/u l seq ÙkQgkst k, a xsA
' kcjh eS ; k! v kgk! Hkxoku jke usv usd Í f"k&eq fu; ksaosQv kJe esaoa Qn ew y iQ y i k; kA
mu l Hkh uscM+ si zse v kS
j J¼k osQl kFk gh i ok; k Fkk] i j fdl h dh Hkh ppkZughagq bZ
A fdarq
' kcjh osQcsj! Hkkjr dk v ui <+l sv ui <+O;fÙkQHkh dksbZ, slk ughagSft l s; g i rk u gksfd
jket h us' kcjh osQcsj [ kk, FksA Jh jke cuokl osQckn v ; ksè; k v k, rksrhuksaekrkv ksausi zse
iw oZd i jksl dj ft ek; kA rÌr gksdj ykyt h usi k; kA ekrkt h dg jgh Fkhµ ¶ykyt h] pkS ng
o"kZrd rkst a xy osQdM+ osdl Sy si Qy [ kk, gksa xs] v kt #fp i w oZ
d Hkkst u dj yksAdgks] jl ksbZ
Bhd rkscuh] v ki us#fp i w oZ
d i k; k u\ ¸ jke t h usdgkµ ¶ekrkv ksa ] v ki rksokRl Y; dh
ew £r gS ] i j cq
a j k er ekuukµ ' kcjh eS ; k osQi Q yksaesat ksLokn v k; k] og Lokn jkt egy osQ
O;a t uksaesaughagS A̧ ; g HkÙkQfi z;rk gS Adke/ suqosQnw / ] ngh] ?k̀r l sxq #i Ruh egkl rh v#U/rh
usjl ksbZrS ; kj dh] cM+ sokRl Y; l spkjksaHkkb; ksadksft ek; k v kS j iw
Nkµ ¶dgksoRl jke] jl ksbZ
rksBhd cuh\ ¸ cksy µ s ¶gkaeka ] v ki osQokRl Y; dk o.kZ u ughafd; k t k l drkA cgq r lq[k
feykAcMk+Lokn v k; k i j .... xq # ekrk] v U;Fkk er ysuk] Hkksy h Hkkyh HkÙkQ k ' kcjh osQi Q yksadk
l k Lokn ; gkaHkh eq >sughafeykA̧ fi Q j llq j ky esaHkh l q u; uk ekrk] l kyh] l ygt usfdrus
i zse l sxkjh nsnsd j ft ek; kA [ kw c i zse l sl jdkj usi k; k] ysfdu t c i w Nkµ ¶dgksl jdkj]
#fp l s rks i k; ķ ] rks jket h osQus=k Hkj v k, A ¶v js] v ki osQus=k D; ksaHkj v k, \ ¸ cksy µ s
¶l kl w t h] cq j k er ekuukA gekjh t ksHkhyuh HkÙkQ k gS] ml ' kcjh osQi Q yksadh feBkl v kt Hkh
Hkq y k ughai k; k gw A̧
a
xt v kS j o`=kkl q j dk mnkgj.k ns[k yhft , µ , d i ' kq; ksfu esav kS j , d jk{kl ; ksfu esa A
Hkxoku dh HkfÙkQosQfy, v / e l sv / e ' kjhj Hkh ck/ k ughagS A
;qf/ f"Bj osQjkt l w ; ; K esaHkxoku usfofHkUu foHkkx , d , d dksl kS i sv kS
a j v i usfy,
t ksl sok cpk dj j[ kh og D; k Fkh\ ; K esat ksl a r egkRek i / kjsmuosQpj.k / ksusdh l sok
v kS j i zlkn i kusosQckn mudh t w Bh i Ùky mBkusdh l sok }kfjdk/ h'k Jh Ñ".k usLo; aosQfy,
 14

fuf' pr dhA ; g gSmudh HkÙkQfi z;rk! t gkat w Bh i Ùky mBk jgsgS ] pj.k / ksjgsgS
a aogkaos
HkÙkQ ksaosQfy, D; k ughadj l drsgS a
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nkek t h dh rkspj.k jt Hkh eLrd i j / kj.k dhA
bl hfy, dgk gS µ mRd"kZl q ur l a
r u dksv pjt dksÅ t fu djksA
HkÙkQ
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l R; ; q x] =ksrk v kS
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xksfi ; ksadk i zse l oksZ
i fj gSfdar qdfydky dh xksih ehjk dk i zse mul sHkh Js"B gSAxksfi ; ksadks
l k{kkr~ ~Hkxoku Jh Ñ".k dk l kfUuè; i zkIr Fkk] muosQi fr i q =k v kfn Hkh JhÑ".k osQHkÙkQFks]
ysd u ehjk usfdruh ; kruk l g dj fxj/ j l si zse fd; kA bl fy, }ki j dh xksfi ; ksal sehjk
cgq r v kxspyh xbZ A

yksd ykt oq Q
y Ü k̀a
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l n`' k xksfi dk i zse i zd V dyt q
xfgafn[ kk; ksA
fujv a oq
Q' k v fr fuMj jfl d t l jl uk xk; ksA
nq
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cky u cka d kSHk; kSxjy v er̀ T; kSai h; ksA
HkfÙkQfu' kku ct k; oS Qdkgwrsukfgu yt hA
Ykksd ykt oq Qy Ü k̀a
[ kyk rft ehjk fxj/ j Hkt hA

pkgst S
l sHkh pfj=k v k, ]a ge ; g fo' okl j[ ksafd ; gh ugha
] bl l sv f/ d Hkh l a
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fd HkÙkQHkxoku osQi zk.k l oZLo gS
] t hou l oZ
a Lo gS Adfy; q
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dgrsgS a
µ

dfy fo' ks"k i jpkSi zxV v kfLrd àSosQfpÙk / jkS

A
mRd"kZl q
ur l a r fu dkSv pjt dksÅ t fu djkSAA

Jh Bkoq Q
j t h us; g l f̀"V cukbZgS
A ml esajg dj ge O;koq Qy gksjgsgS arksnksckrsa
dgh t k l drh gS a
µ ; k rksHkxoku dks; g l f̀"V cukuh ughav kb]Z; k mudh cukbZgq bZl f̀"V esa
gesajguk ughav k; kABkoq Q
j t hl qnjre gS
a av r%mudh cukbZgq bZl f̀"V rksl q
nj gh gksxh] gesagh
a
jguk ughav krkA ; gh fl [ kkusosQfy, Hkxoku l e; l e; i j v orkj ysrsgS A muosQpkS
a chl
v orkj rksi zfl ¼ gSagh] muosQv ykok Hkh v l a[ ; v orkj gS
A Hkkxor esaegk; ksxh'ojksausi je
a
 15

v f/ dkjh egkjkt fufe l sdgkµ dfy; q x dh i zpa M v kx esat y dj l kjsl k/ u HkLe gkst krs
gS
AdksbZ; ksxh ughagksrk] dksbZfl ¼ ughagksrk] dksbZKkuh ughagksrk] dksbZl RdeZdjusokyk Hkh
a
ughagksrkA

dfy nkokuys
ukU;al k/ uaHkLerkaxra
Au ; ksxh uS
o fl ¼ksok u Kkuh u p l fRØ; %
AA

è; ku nsa
] bl esa; ksxh] fl ¼] Kkuh] l RdehZdk uke v k; k gSi j HkÙkQdk uke ughav k; kA
v usd kusd HkÙkQrksdfydky esaHkh gq , gSa
A Bkoq Q
j t h mUgsans[k dj yypk t krsgS av kS
j Lo; a
Hkh HkÙkQcu dj i zd V gkst krsgS A , slk D; ksa
a \ D; ksa
fd Bkoq
Q
j t h dksyxrk gSfd t ksdke eS a
Hkxoku osQ: i esav orkj ysdj ughadj l drk ml l sHkh v f/ d eS aHkÙkQcu dj dj l drk
gwA Bkoq
a Q
j t h Lo; av orkj ysdj v krsgS arc ft rusi zk.kh muosQ' kj.kkxr gksrsgS
amul sdgha
v f/ d dfydky l sxzfl r yksxksadksHkfÙkQekxZosQv kpk; ksZ ausHkxoku osQ' kj.kkxr fd; k gSA
v r%HkÙkQpfj=k dh efgek cgq r v f/ d gSA


 16

HkÙkQ
eky dk vuq
ca
/ prq
"V;

i zR;sd xza
Fk dk v uq ca / prq "V; gksrk gSµ bl dk v f/ dkjh dkS u gS ] bl dk l acU/ D; k gS ]
bl dk fo"k; D; k gS ] bl dk i z;kst u D; k gS\
vf/ dkjhµ Hkzej LoHkko osQjfl d t u gh v f/ dkjh gS A fdl h l jksoj esat c dey
a
f[ kyrk gSrksHkkS j k , d ; kst u nw
a j l sxquxq ukrk gq
v k v krk gSv kS j dey dh d£.kdk i j cS B
dj edja n i ku djrk gq v k l c oq QN Hkw
y t krk gS Aml h dey dh uky osQi kl cS Bk esa<d VjZ
VjZdjrk gq v k dhM+schu chu dj [ kkrk gS Aesa <d of̀Ùk osQyksx HkÙkQ eky osQv f/ dkjh ughagS ]
a
Hkzej of̀Ùk osQyksx gh v f/ dkjh gS A
a
Hkzej osQN%i S j gksrsgS µ
a J¼k] v kfLrdrk] Ñfr v knjrk (v FkkZ r ~xza
Fk osQi zfr v knj
Hkko fd ; g xi k"Vd ugha ] fl ¼ l a r dh ok.kh gS ) ] mi Ñfr ( xza Fk] xa zFkdrkZv kSj oÙkQk osQi zfr
; g Hkko fd v ki us cM+ k mi dkj fd; k t ks ; g xza Fk l quk; k) ] HkÙkQ ksaosQpj.kksaesaueu v kS j
fueZ Rl jrk ( HkÙkQpfj=kksadh i z'ka l kl qu ekRl; ZHkko u gksuk) A HkkS j sosQnksi a
a [ k gksrsgSµ
a J¼k
v kSj fo' okl AHkÙkQ eky dk v f/ dkjh ogh gSft l esaHkkS j st S
a l h jl xzkárk gksA

la
cU/ µ l nkpkj gh l a
cU/ gS
AHkÙkQ
ksaosQt hou dk l nkpkj Jksrk&oÙkQ
k esav orfjr gksuk
pkfg, A

fo"k; µ HkÙkQ
eky dk fo"k; gS
µ Jh gfj v kS
j gfjt u l sok esa#fpA

i z;ks
t uµ HkÙkQ
eky dk i z;kst u gSHkxor~
] Hkkxor i zhfrA


 17

HkÙkQ
ekyµ Hkxor~i zkfIr dk l k/ u

egkHkkjr esa' kka fr i oZesaJh Hkh"e fi rkeg }kjk ; q f/ f"Bj t h dksfn, x, mins'k dk
o.kZu v k; k gSA fi rkeg dgrsgS a
µ ;q f/ f"Bj] l nkpkj ' kw
U; O;fÙkQdk t hou v fr fuUnuh; gS A
ml sosn v kSj ' kkL=k dk Kku Hkh i fo=k ughadj l drkA dksbZ/ k£ed fØ; k Hkh ml si fo=k ugha
djrhA i zR;sd euq "; dks' kkL=kh; l nkpkj esai fzrf"Br gksuk pkfg, A ; q f/ f"Bj usi w Nkµ l nkpkj
dkst hou esai zfrf"Br djusdk mi k; D; k gS \ gesa/ eZykHk Hkh gkst k, ] / eZfu; a f=kr v FkZ
ykHk Hkh gkst k, ] / eZfu; a f=kr dkeukv ksadh i w £r Hkh gkst k, ] eks{k Hkh fey t k, ] Hkxoku dk
bl h t hou esabl h ' kjhj l si zR;{k n' kZ u gkst k, ] Hkxoku osQpj.k deyksaesai zse dh i zkfIr gks
t k, Abu l cdksdksbZv i ust hou esai zkIr djuk pkgsrksml dk D; k mi k; gS \
gekjk v i uk ugha ] egkHkkjr osQ' kkafr i oZdk okD; gS AHkh"e t h dgrsgS µ
a v i ust hou
esaKku] HkfÙkQ] oS j kX; ] l nkpkj] l Hkh dh i zfr"Bk pkgrsgksrks; q f/ f"Bj rq EgsaHkÙkQpfj=k fuR;
lquuk pkfg, µ egkReukarqpfjraJksrO;afuR;eso fgA
HkÙkQpfj=k] HkÙkQ eky dh dFkk dksbZJo.k djrk gSrksBkoq Q
j t h fcuk cq y k, ml osQ
fpÙk esav k dj cS B t krsgS A osHkÙkQpfj=k l q
a uusdksO;koq Qy gksrsgS ] osHkÙkQ
a eky osQi z/ku
Jksrk gS
av r%HkÙkQ eky dh i jEi jk esal cl si gysmUgsacq y kdj cS Bkuk v ko' ; d gS A

Jh gfj t wv k; fojkft , dFkk jfl d gfjnkl Arq

e Jksrk HkÙkQ
eky osQro i n jt ge nkl AA

v osQ
ysugha
] Jh t h osQl kFk gfj t h rFkk Jh gfjnkl µ ; si gysuEcj osQJksrk gS
] nw
a l js
uEcj i jµ

rq
e i kNst ksv kS
j gqJksrk gS
ajl [ kkuAfru osQl dy euksjFk i q
j ogqJh HkxokuA

HkÙkQpfj=k l q
u dj ân; esaeuksjFk u t xsrksl e> ysuk pkfg, fd Bhd l sdFkk l q uh
gh ughA D; k euksjFk\ ft u HkÙkQ
ka
sdk pfj=k geusl q uk gS
] Hkxoku usmuosQl kFk t Sl h i zsee; h]
jl e; h yhyk dh gS ] D; k gekjk Hkh dHkh , slk l kS
a HkkX; gksxk\ D; k ge Hkh dHkh BkoqQ
j t h dh
 18

jl e; h yhyk osQ, d i k=k cusa

x\s bl euksjFk dh i w
£r gksHkh t krh gS
A ?kks"k.kk gSukHkk t h
egkjkt dhµ

t ksgfj i zkfIr dh v kl gSrksgfjt u xq

. k xk; Aur# l q
Ñr Hkq
t scht T; ksat ue t ue i fNrk; A

ekuo t hou osQ oy Hkxor~i zkfIr osQfy, feyk gS ] nw l jk dksbZi z;kst u bl dk ughagS
A
bUghaus=kksal s] bl h t hou esaxS
; k pjkrsgq
, ' ; ke l q
nj dk n' kZ
a u gkst k, A

; g v fHkyk"kk mj jgS
] yxsau u; u fues"kAbd Vd ns[kw aHkkorksuVoj ukxj os"kAA
xkso/ Z
u okl h l ka
ojsrq
e fcu jg~
; ksu t k; A

v ki Bhd l sdFkk dfj, ] l q fu; s] v ki dksi z;Ru ughadjuk i M+ sxkA Jksrkv ksaosQchp esa
fcgkjh t h fey t k, a xsA
gekjsJh oà nkou dh foHkw fr] VfV; k LFkku dh i jEi jk osQegku l a r i zkr%Lej.kh; i w T;
i ñ Jh t xUukFk i zlkn HkÙkQ ekyh t h egkjkt dksBkoq Qj t h dk i zR;{k n' kZ
u gqv kµ ; g HkÙkQ eky
t h dh dFkk dk gh i Q y FkkAi a
fMr t h v ; ksè; k t h x, Ansj jkr i gq psALVs'ku i j gh ysV x, A
a
lqcg pkj ct smUgsav uq Hko gqv k fd esjsi S j osQryosdksbZl gyk jgk gS µ ia fMr t h] i afMr
t h] mBks! l j; wLuku djksAl gl k mBdj ns[kkµ l k{kkr~Jh j?kq ukFk t hA
oà
nkou esaHkFkjksM+fcgkjh t h dk ea fnj gS ABkoqQj t h dk uke gSyî ó wxksikyAi q t kjh jkst
yî ówdk Hkksx yxkrkAt a xy dk ea fnj FkkA, d ckj yî ó wl ekIr gksx, v kS j iq t kjh dh l keF; Z
ughaFkh rksog crk' ksdk Hkksx yxkusyxkAeu esacgq r i hM+k Fkh fd crk' ksdk Hkksx yxk jgk
gwA HkFkjksM+fcgkjh Bkoq
a Q
j t h i gqp x, i a
a fMr t h osQi kl rkj okyh oq Q
at esa A muosQi kl
gkjeksfu; e j[ kk Fkk] BkoqQj t h usgkjeksfu; e ct k; k] oq QN in l q uk, ] >ka
> ct k dj dhrZ u Hkh
fd; kAi afMr t h usl kspk dksbZjkl fcgkjh Lo: i gS A
¶ykyk] rwdgkajgS \¸
¶ckck] eS aHkFkjksM+i sjgw
A̧
a
¶dk uke gSrsjks\¸
¶yî ówxksikyA̧
¶v PNks! yî ó wxksiky rsjksuke gS ! yMq ok [ kkoS xk\s¸
¶yMq ok gh [ kkoSrksv k; ksgw A̧
a
 19

iafMr t h usns[kk rksyî ó wi a

fMr t h osQi kl Hkh ughaFkk] i sM+ k FkkA cksy µ
s ¶ykyk]
yMq ok rksgSuk; ] rwyî ó wxksiky rksgSgh] v kt i sM+ k xksiky cu t kA̧
¶Bhd gS ] i sM+
k gh [ kk; yw
xksA̧
a
BkoqQj t h usxksn esacS B dj i sM+ k i k; kA t c ospysx, rc i a fMr t h usl kspk] bruk
NksVk ckyd bruh nw j HkFkjksM+oS
Ql st k, xk] t a
xy gS Ackgj fudy dj ns[kk rksckyd dghaugha
FkkAi a
fMr t h O;koq Qy gksx, ] ; g oS Ql h ?kVuk! t c HkFkjksM+i gq
psrksi q
a t kjh usdgkµ bl xka o
esadksbZyî ó wxksiky ughagS ] bu Bkoq Qj t h dk uke gh yî ó wxksiky gSA bl osQckn t c rd
ia
fMr t h dk ' kjhj jgk osv efu; k yî ó wHkFkjksM+fcgkjh t h osQfy, Hkst rsjgsA
; g ckr bl fy, ge dg jgsgS afd HkÙkQ eky dk v kJ; ysusokysdksBkoq Qj t h fcuk
pkgsHkh fey t krsgS A
a


 20

HkÙkQ
ki jk/

HkÙkQ
eky l a
r rq
y l hnkl t h osQgh dky dh jpuk gS
Ajkepfjr ekul esav k; k gS
µ

l car l ksjg l S, drhl kAdjmQ adFkk gfj i n / fj l hl kAA

ukS
eh HkkS
e ckj e/ qekl k] v o/ i q
j ha; g pfjr i zd kl kAA

HkÙkQ
eky osQjpf; rk ukHkk xksLokeh t h v kS j xksLokeh rqy l hnkl t h] nksuksagh foHkw fr; ka
Jh jkekuUnkpk; Zt h dh i fo=k i jEi jk osQgS abu nksuksaosQxzaFkksaesal Ei w
. kZoS
fnd l aLÑfr dk
l jy Hkk"kk esai zfri knu gqv k gS A xksLokeh rq y l hnkl t h usHkxoku Jh jke dksbruk l jy]
l gt v kS j lq
y Hk cuk fn; k fd ekul dk v kJ; ysusokyk t ho l gt gh i zHkqdh v ksj mUeq [k
gkst k, Aysfdu ; gka, d cM+ hl w {e ckr gS µ Hkxor~i zkfIr dh l cl scM+ h ck/ k gSHkÙkQ
ki jk/ A
; g bruk Hk; ad j gSfd HkÙkQ ki jk/ dj Hkxoku osQi k"kZ n t ; fot ; Hkh oS oq Q
a
B l suhpsfxj t krs
gSA Hkxoku l a
a d "kZ. k dk fi z; i k"kZ n fp=kosQ rqi je Hkkxor Hkxoku f' ko dk frjLdkj djusosQ
dkj.k vl jq ; ksfu esamRiUu gks t krk gS A HkÙkQ ki jk/ bruk Hk; a d j gSfd Hkxor~i zkfIr v kS j
Hkxoku dh l fUuf/ i zkIr gksusosQckn Hkh ; fn Hkxoku osQi zk.k I; kjsHkÙkQdk frjLdkj gkst k,
rksml sHkxoku l sv yx gksuk i M+ sxkA
Hkxoku usLo; adgk gSfd eS al a
r ksaosQi zfr cgq r ÑrK gw AbUgksa
a usgh esjh efgek c<+ kbZ
gS] ; su gksrsrkseq >st kurk dkS u\ esjsfueZ y pfj=k : i h l fjrk esai frr l si frr Loi p Hkh
v oxkgu dj ys] xksrk yxk ysrksµ l | %i q ukfrµ l | %i fo=k gkst k, xkAesjh ; g efgek v ki
yksxksausgh c<+kbZgS Abl fLFkfr esav ki dk frjLdkj dksbZHkh dj ns] rksv ki osQi zfrow Qy O;ogkj
djusokyh v i uh Hkq t k dksHkh eS adkV Mkyw xkA
a

; L; ker̀k¿ey; ' k%Jo.kkoxkg%l | %i q ukfr t xnk' oi pkf}oq

Q
.B%
A
Lkks¿ge~Hkon~ H; mi yC/ l q
r hFkZdh£rf' NU|kaLockgq efi o%i zfrowQ
y of̀Ùke~
AA

Hkxoku dksi w . kZl e£i r Jh l hrk t h (; | fi osNk; k l hrk gh Fkh) Hkh HkÙkQJh y{e.k
t h dksdVqopu dgrh gS a
µ eje opu t c l hrk cksy kAgfj i zsfjr yNeu eu Mksy kµ i fj.kke
Hkksxuk i Mk+] Hkxoku l sv yx gksuk i M+ kA Jh guq eku t h egkjkt t c v ' kksd okfVdk i gqpsrks
a
 21

fd' kksjh t h dk n' kZ u fd; k v kS j mudh i je d#.k fLFkfr dksns[k dj foày gksx, A cgq r
nq[ kh gksdj Hkksy sHkkysHkÙkQguq eku t h usdgkµ ¶ekrkt h] l jdkj dksi rk ughagSfd v ki
n' kxzho dh okfVdk esajk{kfl ; ksaosQeè; fojkt eku gS ] eS
a at k dj t kudkjh nw xk rksv ki dk
a
lad V t Ynh nw j gkst k, xk bl esadksbZl a nsg ughagS A v ki dksFkksM+k/ S; Zj[ kuk gksxkA̧ okYehfd
jkek; .k osQl q nj dka
a M esarkso.kZ u v k; k gSfd ; g l q udj t kudh t h l gl k eq l dkusyxhav kS j
cksy hµ ¶guq eku t h] rq e cgq r Hkksy sgksA l oZ xr] l oZ : i ] l oZ
e; ] l oZ fon~i zHkqD; k ughat kurs
fd eS adgkagw !¸ mUgsadkS
a u crkusx; k Fkk fd ; sl hrk ughal rh t h gS A t ; Ur dk Hkh i fjp;
a
fdl h usughafn; k Fkk fda r qbUgksa
usi gpku fy; k v kS j , d l had dksczã kL=k cuk dj NksM+fn; k
rksml dh , slh nq nZ
' kk gksxbZfd ml sfdl h uscS Busughafn; kAv a r esal a r Ñi k gq bZrksog Jh
j?kqukFk t h dh ' kj.k esav k; kA ysfdu og v Hkkxk fxjk Hkh rksmyVk v kS j iS j Hkh jket h dh
v ksjA jket h cgq r ukjkt Fksbl dh v ksj ns[kk ugha ] fdUrqt xTt uuh i je v Eck Jh t kudh t h
usml smBk dj Hkxoku osQpj.kksaesaj[ k fn; k v kS j dgkµ ¶t c eq >sfrjLdkj dh v uq Hkw
fr ugha
gksjgh rksv ki D; ksaukjkt gksrsgS a
\ cPpsosQnka r v krsgS arksog dHkh dHkh nw / i hrsgq, nkar
dka V nsrk gSysfdu ekaukjkt ughagksrhA^l h¿* djosQjg t krh gS ] i j i zlUu gksrh gSfd ckyd
osQnka r v k x, A xHkZesackyd v kM+ k&Vs<+k gksrk gSi j ekrk #"V ughagksrhA v l á i zlo osnuk
l gu djusosQckn Hkh ckyd dk eq [ k ns[kdj l kjh osnukv ksadksHkq y k nsrh gSv kS j ckyd dk
nqy kj djrh gS A t c ; g fLFkfr l kekU; ekrk dh gSrkseS arkst xTt uuh gw A v ki bl s' kj.k esa
a
yhft , A ; g i a p la Ldkj l Ei Uu oS ".ko gS A eS abl dh v ksj l s fuosnu dj jgh gw A̧ Hkxoku
a
gal sµ¶bl usdc ysfy, i a p la Ldkj\ ¸ fd' kksjh t h usdgkµ ¶i gykµ ukjn t h usv ki dk
uke v kS j efgek l q ukbZ
A nwl jkµ oS ".ko yksx jt dk mèoZ iq
M / kj.k djrsgS
a A fp=kow
a QV dh i kou
jt gS ] v ki osQpj.kksaesaeS usj[ kk rksv ki dh pj.k jt dk mèoZi q
a M Hkh gksx; kA esjsgkFk esa
a
v k; q
/ ksadk fpUg gS µ rIr l a Ldkj Hkh gksx; kApkS Fkk l a
Ldkj gSrq y l h ekyk dk] rq y l h v ki dh
fi z;k gS ] eS aHkh v ki dh i zk.ks'ojh gw ] eS
a u
asbl dk oa QB i dM+fy; k rksrq yl h l a Ldkj ckdh jg
x; k D; k\ i a pe l a Ldkj jgk nkl kUr uke dk] rksft rust ho gS aosl c v ki osQfuR; nkl gh rks
gSA̧
a
t ; Ur osQv i jk/ dksHkxoku us{kek fd; k] fda r qdc\ t c ft uosQi zfr v i jk/ cuk Fkk
mUgksaus{kek ; kpuk djkbZ A mUghat kudh t h }kjk t c y{e.k t h dk frjLdkj gq v k rkst kudh
t h dksmudk fojg l guk i M+ kA l hrk t h guq eku t h l sdgrh gS a
µ ¶Jh jke t h dksl q xzho us
crk; k gksxk fd jko.k usesjk v i gj.k fd; k gS ] u Hkh crk; k gksrksmUgsacrkusdh v ko' ; drk
D; k gS \ osrksl oZ K] l oZl eFkZgS Aosrks, slsgh ukVd dj jgsgS
a Aoseq
a >sLohdkj ughadjsa xsA
 22

eq>si rk gSfd esjk R;kx fdl v i jk/ osQdkj.k fd; k gS A eS usi je HkÙkQJh y{e.k t h dk
a
frjLdkj fd; k gS A bl i ki dk i zk; f' pÙk eS aLo; ad: a xhA guq eku rqe Jh jke gh ugha ] y{e.k
t h osQpj.kksaesaHkh esjk i z.kke dgukA̧
rkRi; Z; g gSfd HkÙkQosQi zfr v i jk/ v i uh fi z;rek }kjk Hkh gkst k, rksog Hkh budks
l á ughagS A geusrksxq #t uksal sl quk gSfd fdl h t ho dk , d gkFk Hkxoku i dM+ysav kS j
, d gkFk xq #nso i dM+ysarFkk oS oqQ
aB ysdj t k, ] rksHkh ; fn og HkÙkQ ki jk/ h gqv k rksoS oqQ
aB
dk }kj v i usv ki ca n gkst k, xkAl udkfndksa}kjk t ; &fot ; dk frjLdkj gksx; k rksmUgsaHkh
oSoqQ
aB esai zos'k ughafeykAHkxoku Lo; a}kj i j v k x, ] bruh yEch pkS M+h Lrq fr dh fda r qvanj
ughaysx, Aoghal sgkFk t ksM+dj fonk dj fn; kAbl v i jk/ dh fuof̀Ùk rc gq bZt c i zÈkn
t h osQi zd j.k esaost ; &fot ; osQm¼kj osQgsrqcusAt c v i jk/ dh fuo`f̀Ùk gksxbZrc i zÈkn
t h osQ: i esai zd V gq , l udkfndksadksuf̀l a g Hkxoku usxksn esacS Bk dj oS Ql k Lusg fn; k!
HkÙkQ
ki jk/ rksekufl d Hkh gkst k, rksHkh Hk; a d j gSA oà
nkou osQegku jfl dkpk; ZJh
gfjjke O;kl t h egkjkt ( ft uosQl sO; Bkoq Qj v Hkh i Uuk esafojkt eku gS )a fo' kk[ kk l [ kh osQ
v orkj FkA s Jh gfjoa ' k t h dksxq # cuk dj , slh mi kl uk dh fd v i yd us=kksal s; q xy l jdkj
dh Nfo fugkjk djrsA v i usn' kZ u dk mUgksa usv usd kusd i nksaesao.kZu fd; k gS A mUgksa
us; qxy
Lo: i dksb"V v kS j HkÙkQ ksadksv Hkh"V ( b"V dk b"V) ekukAosi zfrfnu HkÙkQ ksadk è; ku djrsFksA
, d fnu dchj l kgc dk è; ku fd; k v kS j ekul h esamudh l sok i w t k dhA i j eu rkseu gS ]
muosQeu esa, slk Hkko v k x; k fd dchj t h l a r rkscM+ smPp dksfV osQFksi j Kkuh HkÙkQFks]
jfl d HkÙkQughaFksA eu esa; g Hkko v krsgh t ksfuR; fogkj muosQl keusi zd V gksrk Fkk og
yq Ir gksx; kA vc yhyk dk v uq Hko ughagksrk] è; ku esa' ; kek ughav krsA è; ku nsa ] ; g fLFkfr
fo' kk[ kk l [ kh osQv orkj dh gq bZ
] og Hkh osQ oy eu esa, d ckr v k xbZrcAosv l á osnuk
l srM+ i usyxs] #nu djrsgq , gfjoa ' k egki zHkqt h osQi kl i gqpsµ ¶eS
a aughat ku i k jgk gw afd
eq>l sD; k v i jk/ cu x; k] yhykuq Hko ughagksjgkA i zk.k NVi Vk jgsgS afudyusosQfy, A̧
egki zHkqt h usgkFk i dM+dj dgk ¶rq el sdkÅ l a r dksv i jk/ cU;ksgS A̧ cgq r fopkj djus
i j l e> esav k; k fd v kt dchj l kgc osQfy, , slk Hkko v k; k FkkAxq #nso usdgkµ ¶bl dh
fuof̀Ùk dk mi k; ; gh gSfd dchj l kgc dkseukv ksA osi zlUu gkst k, a xsrksBkoq Qj t h fi Qj
è; ku esav k t k, a xsA̧ O;kl t h ; eq uk t h osQt q xy ?kkV i j v k, v kS j dchj l kgc dk è; ku
fd; k] mUgsaeuk; kAmudk i n gS µ

dfy esal ka
pksHkÙkQdchjA
 23

Ika
p rÙo l st ue u i k; ksdky u xzL; ks' kjhjA
t c rsjke uke jfr mi t h] rc rscq
U;ksu phj------

tS l sgh i q d kjk] dchj t h ; eq uk t h osQt y l si zd V gksx, ( mUgsaHkxor~/ ke i / kjsnks

l kSo"kZgkspq osQFksA) O;kl t h usi z.kke fd; kµ ¶Ñi k dj eq >s{kek dj nsa A̧ mUgksausnkS
M+dj
O;kl t h dksân; l syxk; kµ ¶gsO;kl t h] v ki rksfo' kk[ kk l [ kh osQv orkj gS A Hkxoku
a
i fji w. kZgS ] jl Lo: i gS
a A mudh mi kl uk djusokyk HkÙkQHkyk v i w
a . kZoSQl sgksxk\ jl Lo: i Jh
Ñ".k dk HkÙkQosQân; esav orj.k gkst krk gSrksl kjsjl i zd V gkst krsgS ] oq
a QN ckdh ugha
jgrkA ckr bruh gh gSfd Hkxoku ft l HkÙkQosQ}kjk ft l dky esa ] ft l i fjfLFkfr esaft l
i zd kj osQmins'k dksl ekt dksnsusdh v ko' ; drk dk vuq Hko djrsgS ] ml i zd kj osQmins'k
a
ml l a r osQ}kjk fnyok fn; k djrsgS A ml dky dh ; gh v ko' ; drk Fkh] fga
a nwv kS j eq fLye
l ekt esaO;kIr oq Qjhfr; ksadk [ kaMu djuk v kS j l ekt esaHkxor~Hkko dh LFkki uk djukA t ks
v kKk Hkxoku dh gq bZogh dke eS usfd; kA mUgksa
a usft l dke osQfy, gesaHkst k Fkk og i w jk
djosQge pysx, A ml esajl HkfÙkQughaFkh ; g v uq Hko v ki dksgq v kA ; g Hkxoku dh yhyk
gS Arq Egsaân; l syxk dj eS adgrk gw a
µ gsBkoq Qj] eS av i jk/ ughaekurk] ; fn v i jk/ cuk Hkh
gksrks{kek djukA̧ , slk dgrsgh Bkoq Qj t h dh yhyk fi Q j i zd V gksusyxhA nksl kSo"kZckn
dchj t h v k x, ] bl l sfl ¼ gksrk gS µ dkS Urs; i zfrt kuhfg u esHkÙkQ %i z.k' ; frA
; g dFkk ; g crkusosQfy, gSfd HkÙkQ ki jk/ fdruk Hk; a d j gSfd gfj jke O;kl t h
tS l segku l a r }kjk ekufl d v i jk/ gksusl sBkoq Qj t h usn' kZ u nsuk ca n dj fn; kA
Bkoq Qj j?kq ukFk nkl xksLokeh jk/ k oq Q
aM esaosQ oy , d nksuk NkN i hdj jgrsv kS j i zfrfnu
l k<+ srhu yk[ k uke t i djrsA mudh ekul h l sok , slh fl ¼ gkspq d h Fkh fd , d fnu cgq r
cf<+ ; k v ?kkS Vk nw / dh [ khj cukbZ ] ml esaxks?k̀r ] e/ q ] osQl j] cknke v kfn Mkyk v kS j ekul h esa
gh Lo.kZ i k=k esaj[ k cM+ sLusg l s, d , d pEep Bkoq Qj t h dksi okusyxsABkoq Q
j t h usdgkµ
¶ckck] v kt rksrS usacM+ h t ksj dh [ khj cukbZgS ] l kaph dgw a, slh [ khj rkseS usuUn Hkou esa
a Å
ugha[ kkbZ Ackck] rwosQ oy NkN i hos] FkksM+ h [ khj p[ k osQrksns [ kA̧ ekul h esaokrkZ y ki gksjgk
FkkA j?kq ukFk nkl t h cksy µ s ¶; g [ khj rksv ki osQyk; d gS ] ge ckckt h osQyk; d ugha ] gesa
{kek djksA̧ fda r qBkoq Q
j t h v kS j Jh t h uscy i w oZd dVksjk v/ jksal syxk fn; kAmudh ekul h
l sok] bruh fl ¼ gkspq d h Fkh fd ekul h esa[ kkbZgq bZ[ khj u i pusosQdkj.k cq [ kkj gksx; kA
ml l e; xq l kbZJh foV~
a By ukFk t h t rhi q j k fojkt jgsFksA mUgsal w puk feyh rksmUgksa usv i us
fut h oS | dksHkst kA oS | t h usukM+ h i jh{kk dh v kS j dgkµ ¶v js] ckck usrks[ khj [ kkbZgS A̧
 24

ozt okl h yM+ usrS; kj gksx, µ ¶v js] fdruks>w B cksy ksgksA ckck rkscl , d nksuk NkN i h osQ
jgs] ; s[ khj dc [ kk v k; ks\¸ oS | t h usHkh rS ' k esadgkµ ¶; fn bUgksa us[ khj u [ kkbZgksrkseS a
v i usl kjsjl k; u jk/ koq Q.M esaMq ck nw
xk] oS
a | fxjh djuk NksM+nw xkArq
a Egsafo' okl u gksrksv Hkh
oeu dh nok nsrk gw Av ka
a r esat S
l h dh rS l h / jh gS ] i ph ughagS Aoeu gksrsgh l c i rk yx
t k, xkA̧ j?kq ukFk nkl t h usmudk gkFk i dM+fy; k v kS j ozt okfl ; ksal sdgkµ ¶HkS ; k] oS| th
l s>xM+ k er djksAeS usft l jkT; esa[ khj [ kkbZgSml Hkko jkT; dk oS
a | t h dksv uq Hko gS A̧
, slsJh j?kq ukFk nkl xksLokeh , d fnu fi z;k i zhre dh yhyk dk n' kZ u dj jgsFksAfi z;k
t h usdgkµ ¶I; kjs] bl yrk oq Q
at osQi q"i cgq r euksgj gS Ai j ; soq
a QN mapkbZi j gS ] eq
a >st jk
l g; ksx djsA̧ a Bkoq Qj t h usJh t h dksv a d esamBk; k] fd' kksjh t wusck, adj dey l syrk
dks>q d k; kA Bkoq Qj t h usi hrkEcj l s>ksy h cuk yh v kS j fd' kksjh t h , d , d i w Qy pq u pq u
dj MkyusyxhAv c uVoj ukxj dkS rq
d h Bkoq Qj t h us/ hjsl sfd' kksjh t h dksNksM+fn; kAfxj
u t kÅabl fy, rq j r mUgksa
usnwl jsgkFk l sHkh yrk i dM+yhA v c fd' kksjh t h yrk i dM+dj
>wy jgh gS Aoq
a QN i z.k; dksi dh eq nzk esagS] oq
a QN ga l Hkh jgh gS µ
a cgq r uV[ kV gksABkoq Qj th
Hkh ga l jgsgS A bl >ka
a d h dk n' kZ
u t c j?kq ukFk nkl xksLokeh usfd; k rksf[ kyf[ kyk dj ga l
i M+sA HkÙkQdkst c , slh yhykv ksadk n' kZ u gksrk gSrksog ga l rk gS ] t c , slh yhyk, av Ur/ kZ u
gkst krh gS arksjksusyx t krk gS A
ml h l e; , d egkRek Ñ".k nkl t h m/ j l sfudysA oscM+ sxqLl Sy FksA ns[kks] bl esa
dksbZcq j kbZughaekuuh pkfg, Al c rjg osQegkRek gksrsgS Al c Bkoq
a Q
j t h osQHkksX; gS AHkxoku
a
osQHkksx dh Fkkyh esafeBkbZHkh gksrh gS ] uedhu Hkh v kS j rh[ kh fepZHkhA bl fy, l Hkh i zd kj
osQl a r gksuspkfg, ] l Hkh l s' kksHkk gSAHkÙkQ eky esarksfi z;knkl t h us, slk nf̀"Vdks.k fn; k gSfd
lar esav oxq . k ughafn[ kkbZnsuspkfg, Agksl osQrksmudh i fo=k ok.kh l sHkxor~Hkko dksxzg.k
dj yksi j nks"k n' kZ u er djksA

l ra gS av uUr xqu var dkSu i kost kdk]s t kusjfroUr dksÅ jh>Si fgpkfu oS Q
A
v kS
xq
u u nhfB i jSns[kr gh uSu HkjS
a ] <jSi x v kSj mj i zse Hkj v kfu oS
Q
AA
t ksiS?kfV fØ; k dNqnsf[ k; r bu eka>] dfjySfopkj gfj gh dh bPNk ekfuoS Q
A
ckyd fl a xkfjoS
Qfugkfj usgorh ekrk] nsr t ksfnBkS
uk dkjkSnhfB Mj t kfuoS Q
A

ekrk, ackyd dk Ü kà

x̀kj djusosQckn , d dkyk Vhdk ( fnBkS uk) yxk nsrh gS
afd fdl h
dh ut j u yx t k, A bl h i zd kj Hkxoku l a
r ksadksHkh fnBkS
uk yxkrsgS
afd fdl h nq"V ut j
 25

okysdh ut j u yx t k, A ysfdu nq fu; k okyksadh ut j rksfnBkS usi j gh jgrh gS A bl l smu

la r ksadh HkfÙkQcp t krh gS A l gh ckr rks; g gSfd gesav i uk nks"k gh l a r ksaesafn[ kkbZi M+ rk
gS Age l oZ Fkk nks"k jfgr gkst k, arksgesafdl h esanks"k fn[ kkbZughai M+ sxkAxksi xksfi ; kafunksZ "k Fks
rksmUgsaLoS fj.kh LosPNkpkfj.kh i w r uk Hkh y{eh t h t ku i M+ hAi fo=k nf̀"V gksrh gSrksl `f̀"V i fo=k
fn[ kkbZi M+ r h gS
A bl snf̀"V&l f̀"V okn dgrsgS A fpÙk ' kq
a ¼ gkst k, rksv ' kq f¼ fn[ kkbZughansxhA
i zÈkn t h dh Hkka fr i w . kZ' kq
¼ fpÙk gksusl srksl c t xg Hkxoku fn[ kkbZi M+ xsA
sa
Ñ".knkl t h ya xM+ sFksAmUgsayxkµ bruk cM+ k HkÙkQcurk gSv kS j eq > ya xM+si sgal rk gS A
tS l sgh osukjkt gq , ] yhyk n' kZ u #d x; kA j?kq ukFk xksLokeh t h O;koq Qy gksx, A mUgksa usJh
: i l ukru t h l si w Nkµ ¶yhyk è; ku esaughavk jgh] D; k dkj.k gS \ ¸ mUgksa usdgkµ ¶fdl h
la r osQi zfr v i jk/ cuk gS A̧ l Hkh l a r ksadk HkaMkjk fd; k x; k v kS j j?kq ukFk xksLokeh t h us
dgkµ ¶fdl h l a r osQi zfr t kusv ut kusesav i jk/ cu x; k gksrks{kek dj nsa A̧ Ñ".k nkl
rqj r [ kM+sgksdj cksy sµ ¶v c {kek eka x jgk gS ] ml l e; eq >sya xM+ k ns[k dj ga l jgk FkkA̧
mUgsa, dkUr esacq y k; kµ ¶eS av ki dksns[k dj ughaga l jgk FkkA; g yhyk eq >sfn[ kkbZi M+jgh
FkhA̧ Ñ".k nkl t h dk ân; fi ?ky x; k v kS j j?kq
ukFk nkl t h osQl keusyhyk i q u%i zd V gksus
yxhA
bl i zd kj HkÙkQ eky esaHkÙkQ ki jk/ osQvusd mnkgj.k gS A ; gh l cl scM+
a h ck/ k gS A bl l s
cpkusokysxzUFk dh jpuk djosQukHkk t h uscgq r cM+ k mi dkj fd; k gS A HkÙkQ eky dk v kJ;
ysusosQckn , slh i fo=k nf̀"V gkst krh gSft l l soS ".ko ek=k esaHkxor~ ~n' kZ u gksusyxrk gS A
nwl jk mnkgj.k D; k nsa µ ekekt h ( Jh ukjk; .k nkl t h HkÙkQ ekyh) yksd ksÙkj i q #"k Fks]
v PNsl a r FksA osckyd dksns[k dj Hkh n.Mor~djusyxrsA , d ckj Vªsu esa, d fHk[ kkjh l s
Hkt u l q udj v knji w oZd v i us v kl u i j fcBk; kA ml xhr dks v i uh Mk; jh esafy[ kk v kS j
v knj i woZ d ûúû #ñ nsd j l k"Vka x yksV dj ml si z.kke fd; kµ ¶v ki esjsxq # gS ] eq
a >s; g i n
i znku fd; kA̧ Hkjh l Hkk esaea p l sml dk uke ysrsFksµ ¶, d l a r gesaVªsu esafeysFks] l w j nkl
t h] mUgksauscM+ h Ñi k djosQ; g i n fn; kA̧ , slh Hkkouk oS Ql sv kb\Z nkl dk v uq Hko rks; gh gS
fd osHkÙkQ ekyh Fks] HkÙkQ eky xzUFk dksmUgksa usv kRl kr~fd; k Fkk] ml h dk i fj.kke Fkk , slk
t houA
gekjsi w T; xq #nso v uUr Jh x.ks'knkl t h HkÙkQ ekyh t h egkjkt µ muosQHkh t hou esa
; gh ns[kusdksfeyrk FkkAosrksLo; al a LÑr osQi zd k.M fo}ku Fks] fda r qfouezrk dh ew £r FksA
i je J¼s; v [ k.MkuUn t h egkjkt muosQfo"k; esadgrsFksfd fo}Ùkk v kS j l k/ qr k nksv yx
v yx xq . k gSAfo}Ùkk rksv è; ; u l si zkIr gkst krh gSfda
a r ql k/ q
r k v R;Ur nq yZ Hk gS
Ai j ; s, sl s
 26

lar gS agekjso`ànkou osQ ] ft uesafo}Ùkk v kS j l k/ q

r k nksuksadk l ekxe gS A , slsgekjsegkjkt t h
osQl kFk jgrsgq , eS us; gh ns[kk fd dksbZi z.kke djusokyk i z.kke dj i k, ] bl osQi gysgh
a
mudk eLrd i `F̀oh i j v k t krk FkkAv i usl Eeku v kS j v knj dksfcyoq Qy l gu ughadjrsFksA
Hkxon~ / ke t kusosQ, d nkso"kZi w oZdh ?kVuk gS A eSusmul sdgkµ ¶egkjkt t h] HkkbZ
a t h ( Jh
jes'k HkkbZv ks>k) osQ; gkapys A̧ cksy µ
a s ¶v jsge l k/ kj.k l k/ qbruscM+ segkRek osQ; gkat kus
osQyk; d dgkagS \a ogkarq e l k/ kj.k Jksrkv ksaosQchp cS B dj dFkk l q uusughanksxsA v knj
djksxsA og eq >s l gu ughagksxkA bl fy, ge ; ghaBhd gS A̧ muosQt Ue fnu i j Hkkxor
egkfo| ky; esamudk i w t u fd; k x; kAmUgsai rk ughaFkk fd v kt i kS "k ' kq
Dy "k"Bh gS AmUgksaus
iw
Nkµ HkkbZ ] v kt i <+ kbZfy[ kkbZNksM+dj ; g l c D; k gks jgk gS \ euk djus i j Hkh , d
fo| kFkhZusdg fn; kµ egkjkt t h] v kt v ki dh t Ue frfFk gSbl fy, v ki dk i w t u gksjgk gS A
bruk l q ursgh muosQus=k l sv Jq / kj cgusyxhA v kpk; Zt h usfuosnu fd; kµ ¶egkjkt t h]
ckydksadksoq Q
N v k' khokZn nsa] rksmUgsausv i uk i zopu v kjEHk fd; kµ ge cgq r fnu l sl ksp jgs
Fksfd dghavdky i M+jgk gS ] dghav frof̀"V dghav ukof̀"V dghaegkekjh i S Q
y jgh gS ] v kt
bl dk mÙkj fey x; kA esjst S l sv i w
T; dh rq e yksx i w t k dj jgsgksbl hosQdkj.k l a l kj esa
foIyo gks jgk gS µ vi w T; k ; =k i w
T; Urs i w
T; i w t k O;frozQeA i zsf.k r=k Hk; UR;s"k nq fHkZ
{kaej.ka
Hk; a
AA
, slh l k/ q
r k dk ew y dkj.k ; gh Fkk fd l kjs t hou mUgksa us HkÙkQeky xzUFk dk gh
v uq' khyu fd; k FkkAHkÙkQ eky esaukHkkt h usHkÙkQ ksadksdLkkS Vh i j ughadl kAmudk Hkko gSfd
dl kS Vh i j v ki v i usv ki dksdfl , µ gesayksx HkÙkQ ] l k/ qdgrsgS arksl k/ q r k osQy{k.k
eq>esagS afd ugha A HkÙkQ
ksaosQy{k.k v i usdksns[kusosQfy, crk, x, gS ] nw
a l jksadksns[kusosQ
fy, ugha Anw
l jksadh ckr rksHkkoxzkgh Hkxoku t kusa A


 27

HkÙkQ
ks
avkS
j l Ei znk; ks
aes
aHks
n l svi jk/

HkÙkQ eky dk v kJ; fy, fcuk dksbZHkÙkQ ki jk/ l sughacp l drkA HkÙkQ ki jk/ osQdbZ
i zd kj gSAl a
a r ksaesa
] HkÙkQ
ksaesa
] l Ei znk; ksaesaHksn djuk Hkh HkÙkQ ki jk/ gSA
l Ei znk; D; k gS \ ; g v R;Ur i fo=k ' kCn gS A bl dk v FkZgSfuR;] v ukfn oS fnd i jEi jk
l si zkIr Hkxor~i zkfIr dh] mi kl uk dh , d i ¼frA dksbZ, slk egkRek ughagSft l dk mi ns'k
Hkxor~i zkfIr esami ; ksxh u gksAmUgksa usi gysmi kl uk osQ}kjk Hkxoku dksi zkIr fd; k rc crk; k
gSfd gesabl i ¼fr l s feyk gS ] bl dk v uq l j.k djks rks rq edks Hkh fey t k, a xsA bl h esa
fofHkUu l Ei znk; i zd V gksx, A osn =k; h dk ekxZ ] ; ksx dk ekxZ ] l ka
[ ; dk ekxZbR;kfn v yx
v yx i zd kj osQl k/ dksadh #fp; ksadksè; ku esaj[ krsgq , crk, x, gS ] i j l c , d Hkxor~
a
rÙo dh gh v ksj t krsgS a
] tSl sfofHkUu ufn; kaV< s+h es<+h v kM+ h frjNh ?kw e dj l eq nzdh gh v ksj
t krh gS At S
a l sNksVh ufn; kai gysxa xk t h esafeyrh gS av kS
j xa xkt h l eq nzdh v ksj t krh gS aml h
i zd kj fdl h mi l Eiznk; dk v kJ; ysdj Hkh l k/ d Hkxoku rd i gq p t krk gS
a A
l Ei znk; dk rkRi; ZgS µ , d fuf' pr mi kl uk i ¼fr dksLohdkj djosQmi kl uk esan`<+
gkst kukA v c gksrk ; g gSfd ge mi kl uk esarksn`<+gksrsugha ] oq
QN nq j kxzg i ky ysrsgS av kS
j
fi Qj nwl jksadksghu crkrsgS A; g cq
a j kbZv i usrd gh ughaj[ krs] f' k"; ksaesaHkh ow QV ow QV dj Hkj
nsrsgS a
µ ns[kks] ; ghajguk] v U;ekxhZdk l Ei oZ Qer djukA
l Hkh l Ei znk; dke/ suq: i h HkfÙkQekrk osQFku osQl eku gS A Fku pkj gksrsgS
a ai j nw/
pkj rjg dk ughagksrk] , d gh gksrk gS Al Hkh mikl uk i ¼fr; kaHkxoku dksi kusdh ckr crkrh
gS ] Hkxoku dh fu"dke l sok dh ckr crkrh gS
a a
] bl fy, buesaHksn djusl sv i jk/ curk gS A


 28

Hkxor~Lo: i ks
aes
aHks
n l svi jk/

Hkxor~Lo: i ksaesaHksn djusl sHkxor~ ~v i jk/ rkscusxk gh] Hkkxor v i jk/ Hkh cu
t k, xkA Hkxoku nl chl ugha A Hkxoku l oZl eFkZgksrsgq , Hkh nw l jk Hkxoku ughacuk l drsA
bl hfy, mUgsadguk i M+ r k gS
µ v ki l fjl [ kkst w
adgat kbZ Auì ro ru; gksÅaeS av kbZ AA
Hkxoku osQLo: i ksaesaHksn djusl sHkÙkQ ki jk/ oSQ
l scurk gS ] ; g cM+ h ckjhd fda r qcM+ h
egRoi w . kZckr gS A l e>ksge jke t h osQHkÙkQgS A mudh efgek rks[ kw
a c xkbZi j t c Ñ".k
pfj=k v k; k rksdg fn; kµ ¶osrksjkt oq Q ekj Hkh ughaFks] muosQfi rkt h rksxS ; k pjkrsFksv kS j
mUgksausdHkh ek[ ku pq j k fy; k] dHkh di M+ k pqj k fy; kA Hkxoku rksFks] D; ksa fd i q j k.kksaesafy[ kk
gS] i j oLrq r %jke t h gh Hkxoku gS A̧ , slh ckr gekjseu esav k xbZv kS
a j geusdFkk esadg
fn; kA dFkk esaosQ oy ogh Jksrk ughagksrst ksfn[ kkbZnsrsgS A / zq
a o t h] i zÈkn t h] foHkh"k.k t h]
m¼o t h v kfn l c fuR; fl ¼ i k"kZ n dFkk l q uusv krsgS A bu v i zR;{k Jksrkv ksaesav kS
a j iR z; {k
Jksrkv ksaesaHkh dksbZJhjke] dksbZJhÑ".k] dksbZHkxoku ukjk; .k osQmi kl d gS Age ft l Lo: i
a
dh mis{kk djsa xsmUghaosQHkÙkQdksi hM+ k gksxhA m¼o t h dksfdruk cq j k yxsxk fd ; g dFkk
dkj oS Q l k gSt kscrk jgk gSfd JhÑ".k , d uEcj osQHkxoku ughagS A
a
bl h i zd kj Ñ".k HkÙkQdFkkdkj dg cS Brk gSfd jket h osQpfj=k esai zse dk oS l k i zd k' k
ughagq vk t S l k JhÑ".k pfj=k esagq v k gSA jket h osQrksckjg gh dyk, agS ] JhÑ".k osQrks
a
l ksy g dyk, agS Av c foHkh"k.k t h] guq
a eku t h dksfdruh i hM+ k gksxhA; fn guq eku t h dksoÙkQ k
i j xq Ll k v k x; k rks\ jko.k rd mudk , d ?kw l k >sy ughai k; k] oÙkQ
a k D; k >sy sxk\
bl h i zd kj jke&Ñ".k dk HkÙkQfda r qukjk; .k Lo: i esav uq j kx ughav kS j jke&Ñ".k l s
ukjk; .k Lo: i dksU;w u crk fn; k rksogka/ zq o t h cS BsgS] ukjn t h cS
a BsgS ] mUgsafdruk cq
a jk
yxsxk\
ukHkkt h usHkÙkQ eky xzUFk dh jpuk djosQbl v i jk/ l scpk; kAHkÙkQ eky esaHkxoku osQ
pkS chl ksav orkjksadk Lej.k djosQdg fn; k x; k fd ; spkS chl ksafuR; gS ] pkS
a chl ksal fPpnkuUn gS ]
a
pkS chl ksai fji w
. kZgS
A; g ckr dksbZLohdkj dj ysrks; g v i jk/ ughacusxkAukHkkt h dgrsgS
a a
µ

pkS
chl : i yhyk fpj Jh v xznkl mj i n / jkS A
t ; t ; ehu ojkg deB ujgfj cfy ckouA
i j' kq
j ke j?kq
ohj Ñ".k dhjfr t x i kouAA
 29

cq¼ dfYd v # O ; kl i F̀kqgfj ga

l eUoUrjA
; K fj"kHk g; xzho / zq
o ojnS u / UoUrjAA
cnzhi fr nÙk dfi y nso l udkfnd d#.kk djkS A
pkS
chl : i yhyk #fpj Jh v xznkl mj i n / jkS AA

v c fi z;nkl t h usukHkk t h osQHkko dksv i uh Vhdk esafoLrkj fn; k gS µ l Hkh v orkj

l eku : i l sl q [ k osQl kxj gS A t hoksaosQm¼kj osQfy, gh fofHkUu yhykv ksadk foLrkj bu
a
Lo: i ksaosQekè; e l sgq v k gSv r%ft l Lo: i esaeu yxsml hesal ksy g v kusyxk nks] oghal s
, slk Hkko t x t k, xk ft l dk dksbZi kjkokj ughagksxkA ; sl Hkh i w . kZgS
aD; ksa
fd i w. kZ
L; i w
. kZ
eknk;
iw. kZ
esokof' k"; rsµ i w j sesal si w
j k fudky yksrksHkh og i w j k gh gksrk gS] og v i w . kZgksrk gh ugha
gS Al Hkh è; ku djrsgh ân; dksi zd kf' kr dj nsrsgS ] rc og HkÙkQ, slk l q
a [ kh gkst krk gS ] tSls
nfjnz/ u i k x; k gksAi j , slk nq yZ
Hk v uqHko rHkh gksrk gSt c og bl xEHkhj jgL; dksl e>sA
ft l i zd kj osQ ' kka
sdh oq QVyrk v FkkZ r ~?kq
?kjkyki u nw
a "k.k u gksdj Hkw "k.k gS ] ml h i zd kj ehu]
ojkg v kfn v orkj Hkh l q [ k nsusokysgS Av xznso t h dh ekU;rk dh ; g l q
a Unj jhfr esjseu dks
cgq r HkkbZ
ApkS chl ksav orkjksadh ; g ekyk esjsân; esagkj dh rjg cl sA

ft rsv orkj l q[ k l kxj uk i kjkokj] djS afoLrkj yhyk t hou m¼kj dksA
t kfg : i eka > eu ykxst kdksi kosrsfg] t kxSfg; sHkko ogh i koSdkS u i kj dkS
A
l cfgagS afuR; è; ku djr i zd kl SafpÙk]t S
l sjad i koSfoÙk t ksi St kusl kj dkS
A
osQ
' kfu oq
QfVyrkbZ] , slsehu l q[ knkb]Zv xj l q
j hfr HkkbZcl kSmj gkj dkSAA


 30

HkÙkQ
eky ekgkRE;

ew
y HkÙkQ eky Jh ukHkk t h osQ}kjk jfpr gSt ksJh v xznsokpk; Zt h osQf' k"; FksAml osQ
l kSo"kZckn i zd V gksdj ukHkk t h usfi z;knkl t h dksVhdk fy[ kusdh v kKk dhAfi z;knkl t h
usVhdk fy[ kh t ksi zkekf.kd Vhdk ekuh t krh gS A
Jh pS r U; egki zHkqosQi fjdjksaesa, d Fks Jh xksiky HkêðLokehi knA bUghaosQBkoq Qj
oà
nkou osQJh jk/ k je.k yky t h gS Axksiky Hkêðt h osQf' k"; Jh fuokl kpk; Zt h osQf' k"; Fks
a
euksgj nkl t h egkjkt v kS j muosQf' k"; Fks Jh fi z;k nkl t hµ pS r U; egki zHkqdh i kapoh
i h<+
hµ i zkekf.kd Vhdk dkjAmuosQukrh psy k vFkkZ r ~f' k"; osQf' k"; fojÙkQegkRek oS ".ko nkl
t h gq, AmUgksausHkÙkQeky dk ekgkRE; fy[ kkAosdgrsgS afd ; fn Hkxoku dh i a fÙkQesal fEefyr
gksuk pkgrsgksrksi zlUurk i w oZ
d muosQi zk.k I; kjsHkÙkQksadk pfj=k l quksA ge i zek.k Lo: i ; s
bfrgkl i zLrqr dj jgsgS a
µ

Hk; kSpgSgfj i ka
fr dksl q
uSl ksb gj"kk; Argkanks; bfrgkl gS
al q
fu; sfpÙk yxk; AA

gekjsnknk xq # fi z;knkl t h osQfe=k FksJh xkso/ Z u ukFk nkl t hA osHkÙkQeky osQi je

mi kl d Fksosoà nkou l sl ar ksadh l ekt ysdj jkt LFkku jker djusfudysAjker esanl &i ka p
l k/ qBkoq Qj cVqv k ysdj xka o xka o t krsgS ] dFkk dhrZ
a u djrsgS ] eka
a xrsoqQN ughai j t ksdksbZ
J¼k l sv Uu v kfn nsog Bkoq Qj t h dksv £i r dj nsrsgS A dgrsgS
a a
µ ft l dk pw u] ml dk
iq. ; A l k/ qdksu i ki u i q . ; A ost ; i q
j i gqpsA ml l e; rd egkjkt k ekufl a
a g usl qj {kk dh
nf̀"V l soà nkou osQfnO; foxzg Jh xksfoa n nso t h dkst ; i qj esafojkt eku djk fn; k FkkA os
xksfoan nso t h os Qn' kZ
u djusx, rksogkayksxksausv kxzg fd; k fd ; gkaHkÙkQ eky dh dFkk l q uk
nhft , Al c l a r Hkh cM+ si zlUu gq , v kSj ogkaHkÙkQeky dh dFkk gksusyxhA
xkso/ Z
u nkl t h l ka Hkj xzke osQyksxksadksl e; nspq osQFks] ml l e; rd ogkai gq puk
a
t : jh Fkk vr%mUgksa usJksrkv ksal sdgkµ ¶dFkk rksi w j h ughagqbZgS] v ki yksx v uq
efr nsarks
ge l ka Hkj gksv k, aAykSV dj dFkk i w j h djsa
xsA̧
bl i zd kj l ka
Hkj l sykS V dj t c dFkk dguscS BsrksmUgksausi w
Nkµ¶dgkard dFkk gks
pqd h Fkh\ ogkal sv kxsdgsa xsA̧ l c , d nw l jsdk eqg ns[kusyxsAJh xkso/ Z
a u ukFk t h usdgk
 31

fd ft Ugsa; gh i rk ughafd dFkk dgkard gq bZFkh] , slsv jfl dksadksdFkk D; k l qukuh! i ksFkh
ca
n dj nhA
Bkoq Q
j t h dksHkÙkQ
eky dFkk dk fojg O ; kIr gksx; kAml l e; i qj kt h FksxksLokeh jk/ k
je.k yky t hA osHkxor~ ~i zkIr l ar Fksv kS
j xksfoUn nso t h mul sokrkZy ki fd; k djrsFksA
mUgksa
usxksLokeh t h dksfudV cq y k dj dgkµ

Jh xksfoUn nso fo[ ; krk] dgh i qt kjh l kS

a; g ckrkA
Jh jS
nkl HkÙkQdh xkFkk] HkbZdgksv kxsv c ukFkkAA
lq fu l qi q
t kjh osQnx̀u i kuh cg~~
; ksv i kjA
; kosQJksrk v ki gS
a; g dhuh fuj/ kjAA

gekjsegkjkt t h Hkko nsrsFksfd i q t kjh t h usv Jq iw

fjr us=kksal sxkso/ Z
u ukFk t h l sdgk
fd BkoqQj t h usdgk gSfd v ki xkso/ Z u ukFk t h l st k dj dgksfd HkÙkQ eky osQi zFke Jksrk
rksge gh gS ] v ki usnw
a l jksal sD; ksai w
Nk\ ge crkrsgS afd Jh jS nkl HkÙkQdh dFkk rd gkspq dh
gS] vc v ki v kxsl q ukb; sAxkso/ Z
u ukFk t h dksrksi w . kZfo' okl Fkk ysfdu Jksrkv ksaosQeè; Hkh
efgek i zd V djusosQfy, v ki usdgkµ ¶v ki l srksBkoq Q j t h dkscksy usesaykt ughav k jgh]
ge l cl scksy usesaD; k ykt v k jgh gS \ ; fn mudksHkÙkQ eky l q uusdh rhozbPNk gksrks
l cdksl quk dj ; g ckr dgsa A rc Bkoq Q
j t h dh v kokt v c l cdksl q ukbZi M+
hµ Jh jS nkl
HkÙkQdh xkFkk] HkbZdgksv kxsv c ukFkkAA
bl osQckn rksxkso/ Z u nkl t h usBkoq Qj t h dksi w j h HkÙkQeky dh dFkk l q ukbZ
A

nwl jk bfrgkl gS µ Vhdk djusosQckn , d ckj fi z;k nkl t h pkS j kl h dksl ozt i fjØek
djrsgq , gksMy xzke esai gq psA v kt Hkh ogkafuEckoZ
a Ql Eiznk; dk og i zkphu LFkku gSv kS j
geusv Hkh Hkh fojkt eku mu Bkoq Qj t h osQn' kZ
u Hkh fd, gS Aml l e; egUr Fksyky nkl t h
a
egkjkt AoscM+ si zseh HkÙkQFksAmUgksausl ar ksadh i w
j h t ekr jksd yh] ¶v ki yksx i fjØek ckn esa
iw
j h djuk] i gys; gkai w j h HkÙkQ
eky dFkk djosQt kv ksA̧
dFkk gksusyxh v kS j cM+ k v kuUn Nk x; kA HkÙkQ eky dFkk esal a r l sok dh cgq r dFkk, a
v krh gS ] mUgsal q
a u dj yksxksaosQeu esaHkko t x t krk gSv kS j Hkkst Hk.Mkjscgq r gksrsgSA oq
a Q
N
pksjksausl k/ qos"k fy; k v kS j jkst Hk.Mkjsesai zlkn i kusyxsAdFkk l q ursv kS j rkd esajgrspksjh
 32

osQ
A, d jkr osea fnj osQBkoqQ
j t h dkscgq
ew
Y; v kHkw
"k.kksal esr ysx, Al q
cg l a
r ksausns[kk fd
Bkoq
Qj t h ughagS
arksgkgkdkj ep x; kA

fi z;knkl cksy s; ksal q

ugw
Av c eS
adFkk u dfggkSadcgw AA
Jh ukHkk ; ksaopu mpkjsAgfj dkst u pfj=k ; g I; kjsAA
Lkks>w
Bh v c HkbZ; gka bZ
AdFkk R;kx gfj x, i jkbZ
AA

¶Hkxoku dksdFkk v PNh ughayxh bl fy, pksjksaosQl a x pysx, A ukHkkt h usdgk Fkk
fd Hkxoku dksHkÙkQ ksadh dFkk cgqr I; kjh gS
] ; g ckr ; gka>w Bh gksxbZA v c ge dFkk ugha
djsaxsA̧ l c cM+ snq[ kh FksA
m/ j pksjksaust a xy esaBkoq
Q
j t h dksj[ kk v kS
j FkksM+
h nsj osQfy, l ksx, Apkjksapksjksadks
LoIu esaBkoq Q
j t h us, d l kFk n' kZu fn; k v kS
j dgkµ ¶rq e eq >sysv k, ] gesa, d rksl a
r ksadk
fo; ksx] , d HkÙkQ eky dFkk dk fo; ksxA rq eusnqxq
uk nq[ k gedksfn; k gS ] ge rq edkspkSxq
uk nq [k
nsa
xs] ugharkst Ynh gesaoki l yst kv ksA̧ v c rkspksj Bkoq Q
j t h dksysdj oki l pysµ

xkor ct kor ukpr v k, Al a

x l dy l kexzh yk, AA

b/ j fdl h usl ekpkj fn; k rksl c l a

r g£"kr gksdj Bkoq Qj t h dh v xokuh djuspy
i M+
sApksjksausmUgsaLoIu dh ckr crkbZABkoqQj t h dksfi Q
j l sea
fnj esai / jk fn; k x; k v kS
j cM+
s
g"kZmYykl osQl kFk dFkk v kS j mRl o gksusyxsA ospksj Hkh v c pksj ughajg x, ] l Ppsl k/ q
cu x, A

rhl jk bfrgkl gS µ jkt LFkku osQv yoj {ks=k dk , d oS ' ; FkkA og oànkou x; kA ml us
fi z;knkl t h l sHkÙkQ eky dh , d i ksFkh eka xhA ml l e; Nki s[ kkusrksFksugha ] gkFk l sfy[ k
dj gh i zfr; kacukbZt krh FkhAfi z;knkl t h usi w Nkµ ¶HkÙkQ eky dk D; k djksx\s¸ ml usdgkµ
¶egkjkt ] t S l sHkkxor esaHkxoku Ñ".k fojkt rsgS ]a jkek; .k esaJhjke t h fojkt rsgS
aml h i zd kj
HkÙkQ eky esal Hkh l ar fojkt rsgS A HkÙkQ
a eky dh i ksFkh gekjs?kj esajgsxh rksl c HkÙkQgekjs?kj
esajgsaxsA v kS
j eSav i usyM+ d ksal sdg nw xk fd / a
a / si kuh esayxsjg dj eS usdHkh Hkt u rks
a
fd; k ugha ] eSaejusyxw arks; g i ksFkh esjh Nkrh i j / j nsukµ
 33

ejrh csj fg; si j / fjgkS

Abrusl k/ ql a
a x mcfjgka
AA
S

fi z;k nkl t h ml osQHkko i j jh> x, v kSj , d i zfr cuok dj nsnhA ml us, d l q nj

a
oL=k esayi sV dj ?kj esa, d vyekjh esa/ j fn; kA , d i `"B Hkh ughai <+ k] osQ
oy , d ckj
i z.kke djosQ/ j fn; kA
ml osQejusdk l e; v k; k rksml dk d.B v o##¼ Fkk fda r qml osQb' kkjsdksl e>
dj csVksaust S l sgh HkÙkQ
eky dh i ksFkh ml dh Nkrh i j j[ kh]

d.B [ kq
Y; kSuS
ufu t y <kj~
a ; kS
AgjsÑ".k xksfoUn mpkj~
; ksAA

iq
=kksausi w
Nkµ ¶fi rkt h v Hkh rd rkscgq
r d"V esaFks] v c cM+ sv kuUn esagksA Hkxoku
dk dhrZ u dj jgsgksA̧ ml usdgkµ ¶gkacsVk] eq >sv kdk' k esav usd l a
r ksaosQn' kZ
u gksjgsgS
a
v kS
j osl c dg jgsgS a
µ ¶pyksHkxoku osQ/ keA̧

ukenso jS
nkl dchjkA l S u / uk i hi k v fr / hjkAA
Bk<sl dy dgr gS ackrkAgejsl a x pyksv c rkrkAA
l kseS
av c buosQl axtS gkAa ; e nw
S r u dkseq [ k u fprSgkaA
S
; g dfg jke&Ñ".k mPpkjrAuS u ewfn gfj dksmj / kjrAA
a
i zku R;kfx gfj / ke fl / k; kS
AcsVu osQmj v fr l q [ k Nk; kS
AA

rc l smuosQi fjokj esaejrsl e; Nkrh i j HkÙkQeky j[ kusdk fu; e gksx; kA muosQ

oq
Q
VqEc osQyksx oà
nkou v k, v kS
j ; g ckr crkbZ
AoS
".ko nkl t h dgrsgS
a
µ

frudksoqQVq
e oufgadksv k; kSAfrufu l cS; g pfjr l q
uk; kS
AA
l ksge fy[ ku fd; ksgSl ghAl c fnu HkÙkQ
fu efgek jghAA

la
r ksaesa; g i jEi jk v c Hkh gS
A v c rksrkcht v kS
j rq
y l h esaHkh i w
j h HkÙkQ
eky yksx
i gukusyxsgS A
a


 34

HkÙkQos
Qpkj i q
#"kkFkZ

Jhen~ Hkkxor esaczã k t h dgrsgS afd euq "; osQi je dY; k.k dk ew y mn~ xe HkfÙkQgS A
bl dh efgek dksBq d jk dj v kRe Kku&czã Kku i k dj Hko pØ l seq ÙkQgksusosQfy, i fjJe
djrsgS arksmu HkfÙkQ' kwU; l k/ dksadk Kku i zkfIr osQfy, fd; k x; k l k/ u O;FkZgS] tSl s/ ku
dh Hkwl h dksow Q
Vk t k, rkspkoy ughafey l drk] ow Q
Vrsow QVrsÅ[ ky ew l y Hkysgh Vw V t k, A
Pkkoy nksfNydksal sv koÙ̀k gksrk gS A pkoy v FkkZ r l kj l oZ
Lo HkfÙkQgS A ml osQÅi j
okysfNyosQdk uke gSKku v kS j uhpsokysfNyosQdk uke gSdeZ AfNyosQt c rd fudkys
ughat k, axs] pkoy mi Hkksx osQ; ksX; ughagksxkA bl h i zd kj Kku l sv koÙ̀k HkfÙkQv kS
j deZl s
v koÙ̀k HkfÙkQHkxoku osQmiHkksx osQ; ksX; ughagksrhA bl fy, Jh : i xksLokeh t h egkjkt us
HkfÙkQdk Lo: i crk; k gS µ

v U;kfHkykf"krk ' kw
U;aKkudekZ | ukoÙ̀ke~
A
v kuqowQ
Y; su Ñ".kkuq ' khyuaHkfÙkQ#ÙkekA

mÙke HkfÙkQosQD; k y{k.k gS \a i gykµ Hkxor~i zkfIr osQv frfjDr v U; l Hkh dkeukv ksa
l s' kw
U; gkA s nwl jkµ u Kku l sv koÙ̀k gksu deZl sv koÙ̀k HkfÙkQgksA bl esaKku v kS j deZdh
mi s{kk ughagSi j rkRi; Z; g gSfd , slsKku v kS j deZdh oS ".koksadkst : jr ughagSt ksHkfÙkQ
osQLo: i dks<d ysAt ksKku v kS j deZHkfÙkQosQv a x cu dj fojkt eku gS ]a mudk rksv knj
gSfda r qHkfÙkQdksv koÙ̀k djusokysKku&deZdk ugha A
rhl jk y{k.k gSµ Jh Ñ".k dk v uq ow
Qy fpar uA fpa r u rksjko.k v kSj oaQl Hkh gj {k.k
djrsFks] ysfdu ml sHkfÙkQughadgk t krkA ; g rksHkxoku dh efgek gSfd dkb sZv uq ow
Qy
fpar u djsrksHkh ml seq ÙkQdj nsrsgS av kS
j dksbZi zfrow Qy fpar u djsrksHkh eq ÙkQgkst k, xkA
ysfdu t hrst h Hkxor~i zse dk v kLoknu djusdk l kS HkkX; rksv uq ow
Q
y fpa r u djusokysdksgh
feyrk gS A ml sejusosQckn eq fÙkQdh v ko' ; drk ugha A og rksHkxoku osQ: i ] xq . k] yhyk]
uke v kS j l sok esabrusv kuUn dk v uq Hko djrk gSfd ml osQv kxseks{k Hkh ml srq PN fn[ kkbZ
i M+r k gSAHkjr eh dgrsgS µ
a

v jFk u / je u dke #fp xfr u pgkS

afuokZ
. kAt ue t ue jfr jke i n ; g ojnku u v kuAA
 35

; gkapkjksai q#"kkFkksZ
adk R;kx gS A v FkZ] / eZ] dke] ; gkard fd eks{k ( fuokZ . k) Hkh ugha
pkfg, ] cl Jh jke t h osQpj.kksaesajfr gksµt sfg t ksfu t UekS adje cl rgkajke i j vuq j kxA
xksLokeh rq y l hnkl t h usdgk gS µ l xq . k mi kl d eks{k u ysgha A fru dgq ajke Hkxfr
fut nsgha AA
; gkaè; ku nsus; ksX; ckr ; g gSfd t kseks{k ughaysrk] ml sjke t h v i uh HkfÙkQnsrsgS A
a
bl hfy, Hkkxor osQi a pe LdU/ esaJh ' kq d nso t h dgrsgS a
µ i jhf{kr] Hkt u djusokysdks
Hkxoku eq fÙkQnsHkh nsrsgS ai jar qHkfÙkQughansrsA rkRi; Z; g gSfd eq fÙkQl sHkh v kxsdh oLrq
HkfÙkQgS AHkfÙkQLokfeuh gSv kS j eqfÙkQnkl h gS µ ; g i n~ e iq j k.k osQHkkxor ekgkRE; esav k; k gS A
Jhen~Hkkxor esaegku HkÙkQo`=kkl q j dgrsgS µ
a nsojkt bUnz] gekjst ksLokeh gS au] mUgsa
rqe Bhd l sughat kursAgekjsHkxoku t c v i us' kj.kkxr i zseh HkÙkQ ksai j T; knk Ñi k djrsgS arks
muosQf=koxZ(/ eZ ] v FkZv kS j dke) dk uk' k dj nsrsgS A ckdh cpkµ eks{kA ysfdu HkÙkQdks
a
Hkxor~ ~l sok osQl keuseks{k i Q hdk yxrk gSv r%eks{k og pkgrk ughagS AHkxoku dgrsgS afd
eS al kyksD; ] l k£"V] l k: I; ] l kehI; v kS j oS QoY; µ i kapksai zd kj osQeks{k nsrk gw ]a ysfdu HkÙkQ
mUgsaLohdkj ughadjrs] ososQ oy esjh l sok dksLohdkj djrsgS A
a
/ eZ] v FkZ
] dke] eks{k dksi q #"kkFkZprq "V; dgrsgS a
Aekuo dks; spkjksagh pkfg, Aysfdu
; gkaegkHkkxor o`=kkl q j dgrsgS afd rhu dk uk' k rksHkxoku dj nsrsgS av kS
j pkS
Fkk HkÙkQpkgrk
ugha A rc rksml dk t hou csd kj gh pyk x; kA pkjksaesal soq QN Hkh ughafeyk rksHkfÙkQdjus
l sykHk D; k gq v k\
bl dk l ek/ ku ; gh gSfd l kekU; t ho dk i q #"kkFkZprq "V; vyx i zd kj dk gSv kS j
HkÙkQdk v yxA l kekU; t hoksadk / eZykS fdd i kjykS fdd Hkksxksadh i zkfIr rd l hfer gS A
ml dk Hkxor~i zse l sdksbZl a cU/ ughagS Al kekU; t ho osQv FkZdk l a cU/ osQ oy muosQykS fdd
O;ogkj v kS j / k£ed O;ogkj l s gksrk gS A Hkxor~i zse l s ml dk dksbZysu nsu ughagS A os
' kjhj&l a
l kj l sl Ec¼ i nkFkksZ adksgh v i uk ^vFkZ * ekursgS A muosQdke dh fLFkfr rks; g gS
a
fd og dHkh i w j k gksrk gh ugha A , d dkeuk i w j h gq
bZughafd nl ml osQi hNs[ kM+ h jgrh gS A
a
budk eks{k Hkh v yx gS Ai w oZeheka l dksaosQer l srksLoxZdh i zkfIr gh eks{k gS AHkxoku usrks
xhrk esabl sLohdkj ughafd; k gS A
HkÙkQbu i q #"kkFkZprq "V; dksR;kx nsrk gS A HkÙkQdk / eZ ] v FkZ ] dke] eks{k D; k gS ] ;g
ckr l e> esav k t k, rksHkfÙkQdh efgek l e> esav k t krh gS A ; g Jh Hkkxor dh o`=kkl q j
 36

prq
' yksd h l sl e> l drsgS aft l esabUnzosQl kFk ; q
¼ djrsgq
, ml uspkj ' yksd ksaesaHkxoku
dh i zkFkZ
uk dh gSµ
i gyk ' yksd oS
".ko dk / eZcrkrk gSµ

v gagjsro i knS d ewy nkl kuqnkl ksHkforkfLe Hkw

;%A
eu%Lejsrk l q
i rsxq
. kka
Z Lrsx.̀khr oko~QdeZdjksrqdk; % AA

gsukFk! gsesjsukFk] v ki , slh Ñi k djsafd eS av ki osQpj.k deyksaosQnkl osQpj.k

deyksadk nkl cu t kÅa A
nkl kuq
nkl cu t kv kA s ns[kks] ge yksxksaosQxq #nso Hkxoku osQnkl Fksv kS j muosQpj.kksa
dk v kJ; geusLohdkj fd; k rksge nkl kuq nkl gksx, A bl i zd kj l Hkh oS ".ko nkl kuqnkl gS A
a
HkÙkQpkgrk gSfd dghaesjk t Ue gksrksogkaHkh eS ankl kuqnkl gh cuw Agsi zk.koYyHk] v ki , slh
a
Ñi k djsafd gekjh ok.kh v ki osQgh xq . kksadk o.kZ u djs] gekjk eu v ki dk l rr~Lej.k djs
v kS
j gekjk ' kjhj fuja r j v ki dh l sok esayxk jgsµ ; g gSoS ".ko dk / eZ A bl / eZdksHkxoku
u"V ughadjrs] bl srksv kS j i Ddk djrsgS A
a
l rr~Lej.k rksrHkh l a Hko gSt c l Hkh esaHkxoku osQn' kZ u gksaA Lokeh v [ k.MkuUn t h
egkjkt usfy[ kk gSfd ; g ckr ' kkL=kksaesal c t xg v kbZgS ] ysfdu bl dk i zR;{k n' kZ u geus
Jh guq eku i zlkn t h i ksíkj ^HkkbZ
t h* esafd; kA, d ckj xhrk okfVdk esav kx yx xbZ Apkjkasv ksj
HkxnM+ep xbµ Z i zp.M v kx Fkh] ysfdu HkkbZ t h usns[ kk rkscksy µs t Sgksi zHkq ! v kt rksv ki us
xhrk okfVdk esacM+ h Ñi k dh gS At Sgks! ysfdu ; g : [ kk l w [ kk [ kkusesav ki dksT; knk v kuUn
ughav k, xk] FkksM+k ?kh v kS j xqM+Hkh i kb, A i hi k Hkjdj ?kh v kS j xqM+ea xk; k v kS
j i zlUu gksdj
Hkxoku dksv £i r djusyxsAv [ k.MkuUn t h egkjkt dgrsgS afd eS abl ?kVuk dk l k{kh gw A
a
dgrsrksgS a
µ ^' kq fu pS o ' oi kosQ
u i f.Mrk l en£'ku% * dk v FkZl eo£ru%ughagS ] ysfdu
HkÙkQdh n' kk , slh gkst krh gSfd og l en' kZ u gh ugha ] l eorZ u Hkh djusyx t krk gS A , sls
v usd mnkgj.k orZ eku esav kjS i zkphu ; q x esaHkh feyrsgS a
A orZ eku osQgh ukenso t h oq QÙksdks
lw[ kh jksVh yst krsns[k dj ?kh ysd j i hNsnkS M+sFksA

v c nw
l js' yksd esans[ksafd HkÙkQdk v FkZ; kfu l a
i fÙk D; k gS
µ

u ukd i `"Bau p i kjes"B~

; au l koZ
HkkS
eau jl kf/ i R;a
A
 37

u ; ksx fl ¼hji q
uHkZ
oaok l e Û
t l Rok fojgÕ ; dka{ksAA
gesa/ zq
oyksd ; k LoxZ( ukdi `"Ba) ughapkfg, ] czã k t h dk yksd ughapkfg, ] bUnzy ksd
ughapkfg, ] pØorhZl ezkV dk i n ughapkfg, ] jl kry dk jkT; ughapkfg, ] ; ksx dh fl f¼; ka
ughapkfg, a
] gesaeks{k Hkh ughapkfg, A rc D; k rc D; k pkfg, \ ge rksv ki l sv ki dksgh
eka
xrsgSAv ki gh gekjs/ u gS
a Aehjk t h usHkh xk; k Fkkµi k; kst h eS
a arksjke jru / u i k; ksA

v c ns[ksafd ^dke* D; k gS µ gs ukFk] ft l i {kh osQv Hkh i a [ k ughamxs gS ] ft l

a
v t kri {kh osQekrk fi rk pkjk ysusx, gS ] og oq
a Q
N Hkh m| e ughadj l drk] ml osQekrk fi rk
gh v k dj pksa p esapksap fHkM+ k dj ml snkuk i kuh nsrsgS ] bl h i zd kj gsukFk] eS
a arksi M+ k jgwa
dghaHkh] osQ oy v ki osQuke dks jVrk jgw A esjs ' kjhj osQ/ eZdk fuokZ
a g Hkh esjs }kjk ugha ]
v ki osQ}kjk gh gksA eSarksv ki dks; kn djrk jgwA ft l cNM+
a susv Hkh pjuk ughal h[ kk gS ] og
v i uh ekadks; kn djrk gSv kS j taxy esapjrh gq bZxk; v i uscNM+ sdks; kn djrh gS ] , slsgh
v ki esjh ; kn djsa] eSav ki dks; kn djrk jgw A v kS
a j gsukFk] t S l sfdl h i frozrk ukjh dk i fr
i jnsl pyk t k, v ksj og v i usi fr osQfo; ksx esafuja r j O;koqQy jgrh gS ] i zsei w
. kZân; l s
v i usi fr dk Lej.k djrh jgrh gS ] , slsgh eS
afujar j v ki dh ; kn djrk jgw A
a

v t kr i {kk bo ekrja[ kxk%LrU;a; Fkk oRlrjk%{kq / krkZ

%
A
fi z;afi z;so O;q
f"kr fo"k..kk euks¿jfoUnk{k fnn`{krsRoke~AA

; g dkeuk rksgeesau[ kf' k[ k Hkj t k, rksvPNk gS ] bl dh fuo`f̀Ùk ughapkfg, A oS ls

dgk ; g t krk gSfd i {kh dk n`"VkUr bl fy, cny fn; k x; k fd og nkuk i kuh i k dj l a rq"V
gkst krk gSv kS j ia[ k mx v kusi j mM+t krk gS A cNM+ sdk n`"VkUr Hkh bl fy, cny fn; k x; k
D; ksa
fd og Hkh t c pkjk pjusyxrk gSv kS j nw/ i huk NksM+nsrk gSrkseS ; k l sv yx Hkh gks
t krk gS] dgha, slk u gks t k, A i frozrk osQn`"VkUr dks cnyusdh v ko' ; drk ughaD; ksa fd
ml dk i zse i zfri y c<+ r k gS
A
ysfdu gekjk fuosnu gSfd ; gkacnyusokyh ckr ughagS A v t kri {k i {kh dk mnkgj.k
bl Hkko osQfy, fn; k x; k gSfd osQ oy v ki osQv kfJr gksdj Hkt u d: a ] ' kjhj osQfuokZ g
dk Hkh i z;Ru u d: a Av kSj tSl scNM+k v i uh ekrk osQnq X/ dksi h dj gh rÌr gksrk gSoS l seS a
v ki l sdksbZoLrq; k i nkFkZi k dj r`Ìr u gksÅa ] v ki l sv ki dk okRl Y; i zkIr djosQgh rf̀Ir dk
v uqHko d: a Av kS j i frozrk ukjh osQl eku i zfri y gekjk i zse c<+sA
 38

; g gSHkÙkQdk dkeAbl dk uk' k Hkxoku ughadjrscfYd bl srksv kS j yxk nsrsgSA

a
eywd nkl t h , d l k[ kh esadgrsgSµ ; fn rq
a Egkjseu esafo' okl gksrksdj osQns[k
yksAdke dkst hruk ; gh gS
µHkxor~i zkfIr dh dkeuk dksNksM+dj l Hkh dkeukv ksadk R;kxA

dke feykosjke l ksat ks; g jk[ kst hrAnkl eyw

d k ; ksadgst kseu v koSi jrhrAA

v "VNki osQprq
Hkq
t nkl t h bl dke dk o.kZ
Z u djrsgSµ
a
; g v fHkyk"kk mj jgSyxSu uS u fues"kA
bd Vd ns[kw aHkka
orksuVoj ukxj Hks"kA
xkso/ Z
u okl h l ka
ojsrqe fcu jg~
; ksu t k; AA

oS".ko dk eks{k D; k gS\ , d ckr cgq r è; ku nsusdh gSfd t ksorZ eku t hou esaeq fÙkQ
dk v uq Hko dj pq d k gS
] ogh eqÙkQgksxkµfoeq ÙkQL; foeq P; rsA t hrst h ft l dk eks{k ughagq vk
ml osQejusosQckn eks{k esal a nsg gh gS A ft l usv i uk ru eu l oZ Lo Hkxoku osQpj.kksaesa
l e£i r dj fn; k ml dh t Ue t Ue dh i ki jkf' k v kS j iq. ; jkf' k HkLe gksxbZ Abl i zd kj l a fpr
HkLe gksx; k v kS j fØ; kek.k i fo=k gksx; k] D; ksa fd v c rd v i usfy, ykS fdd i kjykS fdd
i nkFkZi kusosQy, deZdjrk Fkk] v c t ksoq QN djrk gSog Hkxoku dh i zlUurk osQfy,
djrk gSv kS j djus osQ ckn Hkxoku osQ gh pj.kksa esa fuosfnr Hkh dj nsrk gS A v c jgk
i zkjC/ µbl dk l EcU/ bl ' kjhj l sgh gSbl fy, Js"B HkÙkQHkw y dj Hkh v i usi zkjC/ uk' k dh
i zkFkZ
uk ughadjrsAost kursgS afd oq QN Hkh ' ks"k jg t k, xk rksml sfi Q j l snq [ ke; l a l kj esav k
dj Hkksxuk gh i M+ sxkAml l e; fi Q j i rk ughav kS j oS
Ql soSQl sdeZcu t k, a xsv kS j fdruk yEck
pDdj ' kq # gkst k, xkA
ft l dk fnokyk fudyusokyk gksrk gS ] ml osQl c ysunkj v i uk v i uk fgl kc ysdj
v k t krsgS A osHkh t kursgS
a afd og nsusosQ; ksX; gksrk rksfnokyk gh D; ksafudyrkA osyk[ k
#i , dh ysunkjh gt kj #i , esacjkcj dj nsrsgS a
µHkkxrsHkw r dh ya xksVh l ghA bl i zd kj ft l s
; g nsg NksM+dj oki l ughav kuk gS ] ml osQi zkjC/ osQl kjsysunkj v kf/ &O;kf/ osQ: i esa
fudV v k t krsgS av kS j dgrsgSµpyksbruk ugharksbrusesaHkh ys&nsosQNq
a êðh djksA l kjs, d
l kFk v k dj v i uk fgl kc fdrkc i w j k dj ysrsgS a
A
, d v kSj jgL; dh ckr gS A HkÙkQl s dksbZl q Ñr&nq "Ñr dFka fpr l a d Yi l s cu Hkh
t k, aµt kusv ut kusesa; k fdl h i zcy i zkjC/ osQo' khHkwr gksdj_ rksD; k ml sl a l f̀r osQpDdj
 39

esaHkVduk i M+ sxk\ gekjsv kpk; ksZ ausdgk gSfd ; fn bZ ekunkjh l sHkxoku dk HkÙkQjgk gksrks
ml osQi ki i q . ; Hkh ughajgsa xsAi q
. ; rksml l si zse djusokys] i z'ka l k djusokyksaesapyst k, a xs
v kS j i ki ml dh fua nk djusokyksaesapyst k, a xsA og rksi q . ; &i ki l s' kw
U; gksdj Hkxoku dh
i zkfIr dj ysrk gS A bl fy, l a r dk dksbZfua nk] v i eku ; k frjLdkj djsrksosnq [ kh ughagksrs]
i zlUu gksrsgS afd gekjk ca / u dkV jgk gS A ' kq
d l Ei znk; osQv kpk; Zpj.knkl t h dk , d i n
gS µl k/ ksfua nd fe=k gekjkAbl i n osQva r esarksmUgksa usHkxoku l sÑrKrk i w oZ
d i zkFkZuk dh gS
fd gekjh fuUnk djusokysHkol kxj l si kj mrj t k, a A
eks{k dgrsfdl sgS a
\ Hkkxor esadfi y Hkxoku usekrk nsogw fr t h l sdgk gS µt hoksadk
xq . kksaesav kl ÙkQgksuk ca / u gSv kS j eq
>esav uq j ÙkQgksuk eks{k gS A Hkxoku esafoy; gkst kuk gh
eks{k gS AHkxonkdkj of̀Ùk dk uke gSeks{k v kS j fo"k; dkj of̀Ùk dk uke gSca / uA
of̀Ùk fo"k; kdkj ; k t xnkdkj oS Q
l s gksrh gS; g fopkj djus dh v ko' ; drk ughagS
D; ksafd ge l c dh of̀Ùk t xnkdkj jgrh gh gS Afopkj djuk gSfd Hkxonkdkj oS Q
l sgk\s bl dk
Js"Bre] l jyre l k/ u gS µl Rl axA l r~i q
#"kksaosQpj.kksaesacS B dj Hkxor~ &Hkkxor dFkk dk
Jo.k gh fpÙkof̀Ùk dksHkxonkdkj cukrk gS A Hkt u dk v kuUn ft l sfey pq d k gSmudh ckr
v kS j gS ] l kekU; t u dh fLFkfr ; gh gSfd t ksfuR; fu; e xq #t uksauscrk; k gSml s[ kkuki w £r osQ
fy, dj ysrsgS ai j rUe; rk ughav krhA fda r qpkj ?kaVsl Rl a x esacS B t krsgS ] dfBukbZugha
a
gksrhA pkj ?ka Vsè; ku ughayxk; k t k l drk] ekyk ughai sQ jh t k l drh ysfdu l Rla x esaof̀Ùk
Hkxonkdkj cgq r v kl kuh l sgkst krh gS A
jkt dksV esai zse fHk{kqt h egkjkt osQoq QN i fjdjksaosQl a x djusdk v ol j feykAmUgksa us
v k/ k i kS u ?kaVsoq QN cksy usdksdgkAgeusdgkµ¶ge rks?kM+ h cka/ rsughagS ] l e; gkst k, rks
a
crk nsukA̧ jkf=k osQnl l k<+ snl ct sFksml l e; A geuscksy k ' kq # fd; kA fi Q j gekjseu esa
v k; k fd dksbZcksy rksughajgk i j ' kk; n , d ?ka Vk rksgksgh x; k gksxkA v c i zopu l Ei Uu
fd; k t k, Arc yksxksaus?kM+ h ns[khµjkr osQMs<+ct jgsFksA; g t kucw > dj ughagq v k] Hkxor~
ppkZesabruk jl v kusyxk fd l e; dk Hkku gh fdl h dksughajgkA bl fy, HkÙkQdk eks{k
; gh gS µl r~pj.kksaesacS B dj Hkxoku dk xq . kxku djukAbl eks{k dk o.kZ u pkS Fks' yksd esagS µ

eeksÙke' yksd t us"kql [ ; al a

l kj pozsQHkzer%LodeZ
fe% A
RoUek; ; k¿¿RekRet nkj xsgs"okl ÙkQfpÙkL; u ukFk Hkw
; kr~
AA
 40

nsg&xsg&L=kh&oqQ
Vq
Ec esav kl ÙkQi q#"kksal sgekjk l a x u gksA l k/ qi q
#"kksadk l Rla
x gesa
i zkIr gksµ; gh eks{k gS
A
bl i zd kj HkÙkQosQ/ eZ
&v FkZ
&dke&eks{k D; k gS µ; g l e> esav k x; kA bl h dksHkfÙkQ
a
dgrsgS AHkfÙkQosQnksHksn gS
a µl k/ u HkfÙkQv kS
a j l kè; k HkfÙkQ
Al k/ u HkfÙkQgS
µ

Jo.kadhrZ
uafo".kksLej.kai knl soue~
Av pZ
uaoUnuankL; al [ ; ekRefuosnue~
AA

i zÈkn t h osQv uq l kj bl uo fo/ k HkfÙkQdksfu"dke Hkkouk l sdjsa A rc l k/ u HkfÙkQ

osQbl v uq "Bku l sl kè; kHkfÙkQi zkIr gksrh gS
Abl h dksgh jl : i k i zsey{k.kk HkfÙkQdgrsgS Abl
a
i zd kj dh HkfÙkQdk l Eiw . kZ: i ehjk t h osQpfj=k esa feyrk gS A mUgksa
us v i uh ok.kh esa
/ eZ&v FkZ &dke&eks{kµpkjksadksBq d jk; k gSv kS
j vHkh t ksO;k[ ; k dh xbZgS µ; spkjksaehjk ckbZ
dksi zkIr gS Abudh l k/ u HkfÙkQHkh cgq
a r mPp dksfV dh gSv kS j l kè; k HkfÙkQdk rksdguk gh
D; k gS !

