Porguguese-GRAMMAR-SUMMARY 4

Here's a summary of the grammar you've learned in this
novela:
a gente
Use a gente as a substitute for nós (we). Brazilians use this
in conversation because it’s faster and sounds great.
Nós vamos! > A gente vai! (We're going!)

Nós vamos nos ver amanhã. > A gente se vê amanhã. (We'll
see each other tomorrow.)
Nós fomos lá. > A gente foi lá. (We went there.)
Post: A gente (https://www.semantica-portuguese.com/a-

gente-18608/)
Video
acabar de
To say you’ve “just done something” – use acabar + de. It’s
used almost always in the past tense.
Using acabar (https://www.semantica-
portuguese.com/portuguese-grammar/acabar-present-
indicative/) without the de has the meaning, to end up.
Acabei de acordar. (I just woke up.)

Ela acabou de comer. (She just ate.)
Post: acabar de – to just do it (https://www.semantica-

portuguese.com/acabar-de-conjugation-21196/)
Video
verbs (present) (https://www.semantica-

portuguese.com/grammar-tags/verbs-present-tense/)
adverbs of intensity
Words that add emphasis such as almost, hardly, a lot, enough.
menos (less)
demais (too much)
tanto (so much)
quase (almost)
bem (well)
mal (hardly)
pouco (little)
Post: Portuguese Adverbs of Intensity
(https://www.semantica-portuguese.com/portuguese-
adverbs-10284/)
Video
comparatives
Comparing one thing to another is done by combining one of
these words: superior, inferior, maior, menor, pior, melhor & etc.
with ‘do que’.
Minha casa é maior do que essa. (My house is bigger than

this one.)
Ele é menor do que eu. (He's smaller than me.)
Tudo aqui é mais caro do que na outra loja. (Everything here
is more expensive than the other store.)
Post: Portuguese Comparatives (https://www.semantica-

portuguese.com/portuguese-comparatives-21754/)
Video
contractions desse, dessa, dele, dela
De (of) can combine (contract) with esse/essa/isso as well as
ele/ela.
With esse and essa: (this)
de + esse = desse > Sei tudo desse lugar. (I know

everything about this place.)
de + essa = dessa > Cansei dessa música. (I’m tired of this
song.)
de + isso = disso > Não quero mais disso. (I don’t want any
more of this.)
With ele and ela: (him/her)
de + ele = dele > É a casa dele? (Is it his house?)

de + ela = dela > A casa dela é enorme. (Her house is
enormous.)
Post: Common Contractions (https://www.semantica-

portuguese.com/common-portuguese-contractions-21620/)
Video
contractions (https://www.semantica-
portuguese.com/grammar-tags/contractions/)
conversational estar
In casual conversation, estar is abbreviated like this:
estou > tô
está > tá
estamos > tamos
estão > tão
This is becomming the accepted standard, preferred form of

speaking the verb estar. In written Portuguese the non-
abbreviated form is always used.
Eu estou aqui. > Eu tô aqui. (I'm here.)

Como você está? > Como você tá? (How are you?)

dá para
dar para = to be possible (to)
Use this when you want to convey the possibility of something.
Dá para fazer? (Can it be done?/ Would it be possible to
do?)
Dá para usar? (Can it be used?/ Would it be possible to
use?)
Post: Dar para (https://www.semantica-

portuguese.com/dar-para-21352/)
Video
expressions (https://www.semantica-
portuguese.com/grammar-tags/expressions/)
demonstrative pronouns
There are three different words for saying this and three for that.
Which one you use depends on the gender of the thing you’re
talking about.
This & That (conversational)

m=masculne, f=feminine, n=neutral
this (m) > esse: Esse carro é seu? (Is this your car?)
that (m) > aquele: Aquele prédio é alto. (That's a tall
building.)
this (f) > essa: Adoro essa loja! (I love this store!)
that (f) > aquela: Quero aquela roupa. (I want that shirt.)
this (n) > isso: O que é isso? (What is this?)
that (n) > aquilo: Tem nada a ver com aquilo. (It has nothing
to do with that.)
*All of these contract (combine) with any other prepositions or

articles that come before them (contractions with em
grammar/contractions-with-em/), with de
grammar/contractions-with-de/))
em esse = nesse
de esse = desse
em aquele = naquele
de aquele = daquele
Post: THIS & THAT – Demonstrative Pronouns

(https://www.semantica-portuguese.com/demonstrative-
pronouns-24160/)
Video
descer, subir
DESCER = to go down. But it’s also commonly used in the
context of leaving home (descending the elevator) and getting
off (a bus, a car).
Eu vou descer aqui. (I'm going to get off here.)
SUBIR = to go up.
Ela pode subir. (She can come up.)

dever + verb
You can combine dever with any verb in the infinitive to express
should/must. Like this:
Eu devo trabalhar hoje. I should work today.

Você deve ir. You should go.
Ela deve saber. She must know.
Ela deve ser apaixonada. She must be in love.

diminutives & augmentatives
Brazilians like to add endings at the end of words to give them a
sense of cuteness or smallness or, as a sign of affection. These
are called diminutives. The most common diminutive suffixes
are:
masculine words --inho > bonitinho, devagarinho (cute,

slowly)
masculine words --zinho > cafezinho, amorzinho (coffee,
love)
feminine words --inha > garotinha, cervejinha (girl, beer)
feminine words --zinha > florzinha, mezinha (flower, table)
There are many different suffixes but these above are by far the
most common. A more complete reference to using diminutives
& augmentatives can be found at Street Smart Brazil.
(https://streetsmartbrazil.com/use-diminutives-brazilian-
portuguese/)
It’s also very common to change noun endings to lend a sense

of largeness or grandness. These are called augmentatives. The
most common augmentative suffixes are:
--ão > Ele é meu amigão. (He's my great friend.)

--arão > Moro num casarão. (I live in a big house.)
Post: Physical descriptions in Portuguese
(https://www.semantica-portuguese.com/physical-
descriptions-portuguese-27473/)
Video
estar + com
Use estar com to say things like,
Eu estou com fome. (I'm hungry.)

Você está com frio? (Are you cold?)
Ela está com problemas. (She has problems.)
This translates literally as, to be with. In Portuguese when

you’re hungry you are with hunger.
*Use sem just as you use com, but to convey the opposite:
without.
Eu estou sem dinheiro. (I have no money.)
Post: estar com, estar de (https://www.semantica-

portuguese.com/estar-com-21456/)
Video
conditional tense
To say, would you add an ia to the verb’s infinitive. The
irregulars are not that difficult to learn.
Ele trabalharia hoje mas... (He would work today but...)

O que ele diria? (What would he say?)
Eu falaria, sim. (I would say, yes.)
Post: the Conditional in Portuguese

(https://www.semantica-portuguese.com/the-conditional-in-
portuguese-19521/)
verb tenses (https://www.semantica-

portuguese.com/grammar-tags/verb-tenses/)
future subjunctive
Use this tense to talk about things that are uncertain to happen:
in the future.
Me liga quando você chegar. (Call me when you arrive.)

Se eu ver ela te aviso. (If I see her I'll let you know.)
Assim que comprar um carro vou lá. (As soon as I buy a car
I'll go there.)
Words that almost always trigger this tense:

quando + verb (when you…)
se + verb (if you…)
assim que (as soon as…)
Post: the Future Subjunctive (https://www.semantica-

portuguese.com/the-future-subjunctive-7999/)

haver
You can use the verb HAVER to express:
(1) it’s been a while

(2) there are (there exist)
Há muito tempo! (It's been a long time!)

Não há casamentos perfeitos. (No marriage is perfect.)
Post: Portuguese verb HAVER (https://www.semantica-
portuguese.com/portuguese-verb-haver-30305/)
Video

imperative mood
> For AR regular verbs you just replace the a with an e.
> For ER & IR regular verbs you just replace the e with an a.
Forming
-ar regular verbs
Tell me everything! Me conte tudo!

Stop! Pare
Think again! Pense bem!
-er and -ir regular verbs
Get out of here! Suma daqui!

Open this door! Abra essa porta!
Learn this! Aprenda isso!
Answer me! Me responda!
Some very common examples use the TU form (read the post
for more explanation):
esperar > Me espera! (Wait for me!)

olhar > Olha só! (Just look!)
escutar > Escuta! (Listen!)
tirar > Tira sua mão! (Hands off!)
falar > Fala tu! (Talk to me!)
ligar > Me liga! (Call me!)
Post: The Portuguese Imperative (https://www.semantica-

portuguese.com/portuguese-imperative-2678/)
Video

imperfect indicative tense

The imperfect indicative is used when talking about continuous
or ongoing action in the past. Something that used to happen
or, would (always) happen.
» Eu trabalhava no Banco do Brasil.

Or,
When I was younger I would always drink a few beers

before going to a party.
» Quando eu era mais jovem eu sempre bebia umas

cervejas antes de sair pra festa.
Things that used to happen or, would (always) happen,

entendeu?
Forming
-ar regular verbs
I used to work eu trabalhava

he used to work ele trabalhava
we used to work nós trabalhávamos
they used to work eles trabalhavam
-er and -ir regular verbs
I used to eat eu comia

he used to eat ele comia
we used to eat nós comíamos
they used to eat eles comiam
ar verbs > Trabalhava nessa empresa. (I used to work at

that company.)
er verbs > Eu bebia todos os dias. (I used to drink every
day.)
ir verbs > Eu dormia bem. (I used to sleep well.)
*Also called the Preterite Imperfect
Post: the Imperfect Indicative (https://www.semantica-

portuguese.com/the-imperfect-indicative-2512/)
Video

imperfect tense of estar

To express was.
When talking about action in the past, use the imperfect
indicative tense of estar –> estava.
Eu estava almoçando quando você ligou. (I was having

lunch when you called.)
Ela estava ocupada ontem. (She was busy yesterday.)
*Don’t use this to express was for talking about permanent
things in the past (I was a young boy; She was a sick baby
etc.) – use ser for that.
Post: ESTAR-the definitive reference

(https://www.semantica-portuguese.com/estar-the-definitive-
reference-27511/)
Video

indefinite pronouns: qualquer, bastante,

tanto
These indefinite pronouns are also very common.
qualquer = whicever one, whatever

bastante = plenty
tanto(a) = so much, many
qualquer > Pode usar qualquer um. (You can use

whichever one.)
bastante > Me divirto bastante. (I have plenty of fun.)
tanto > Ele te ama tanto. (She loves you so much.)
tanta > Temos tanta coisa. (We have so much.)
Posts: Somewhere, anywhere, nowhere in Portuguese

(https://www.semantica-portuguese.com/somewhere-
anywhere-nowhere-in-portuguese-25033/) | tanto quanto —
as much as — in Portuguese (https://www.semantica-
portuguese.com/tanto-quanto-1017/)
Video
indefinite pronouns: algum, nenhum

algum(a) = some
nenhum(a) = no one
algum > Vamos para algum lugar. (Let's go somewhere.)

alguma > Mais alguma coisa? (Something more?)
nenhum > Nenhum carro me interessa. (No car interests
me.)
nenhuma > Nenhuma dessas coisas. (None of these
things.)
indefinite pronouns: algum, nenhum,
pouco, muito, todo
These indefinite pronouns are the most common and
useful. These all refer to the NUMBER of things: some,
none, few, many & every. They are frequently used with
coisa (thing).
algum(a) = some
nenhum(a) = no one
pouco(a) = few, a little
muito(a) = much, many
todo(a) = every
algum > Vamos para algum lugar. (Let's go somewhere.)

alguma > Alguma garota alta. (Some tall girl.)
nenhum > Nenhum carro me interessa. (No car interests
me.)
nenhuma > Nenhuma dessas coisas. (None of these
things.)
pouco > Tenho pouca paciência. (I have little patience.)
pouca > Tem pouca seleção. (There's little selection.)
muito > Não tenho muito tempo. (I don't have much
time).
muita > Muita gente fala isso. (A lot of people say this.)
todo > Todo homem pensa assim. (All men think like
that!)
toda > Ela liga toda hora. (She calls all the time.)
It’s very common to see them paired with the word coisa:
alguma coisa > Alguma coisa boa. (Something good.)

nenhuma coisa > nenhuma coisa de graça. (Nothing for
free.)
pouca coisa > Preciso de pouca coisa. (I need little.)
muita coisa > Muita coisa para fazer. (A lot to do.)
Post: Somewhere, anywhere, nowhere in Portuguese

(https://www.semantica-portuguese.com/somewhere-
anywhere-nowhere-in-portuguese-25033/)
Video
indefinite pronouns: pouco, muito

pouco(a) = few, a little
muito(a) = much, many
pouco > Eu falo um pouco. (I speak a little.)

pouca > Tenho pouca paciência. (I have little patience.)
muito > Não tenho muito tempo. (I don't have much
time).
muita > Muita gente fala isso. (A lot of people say this.)
indefinite pronoun: todo
todo(a) = all, every
todo > Todo homem pensa assim. (All men think like
that!)
toda > Ela liga toda hora. (She calls all the time.)
indefinite pronouns: uns, vários, certo

These indefinite pronouns are also very common.
uns = some (masculine)

umas = some (feminine)
vários(as) = various
certo(a) = certain, right
uns > Vamos falar com uns amigos. (Let's talk with some
friends.)
umas > Eu conheço umas pessoas. (I know some
people.)
vários > Tenho vários sonhos. (I've got various dreams.)
várias > Existem várias maneiras. (Various ways exist.)
certo > Estou pensando num certo homem. (I'm thinking
of a certain man.)
certa > Faça a coisa certa! (Do the right thing!)
jeito
jeito = way, manner
Several important expressions use this word:
dar um jeito
Literally, to give a way.
Use it to say: We will find a way (to fix something, solve a
problem).
Vou dar um jeito nesse cabelo! (I'm going to fix this hair!)
Ele vai dar um jeito para resolver. (He's going to find a
way to solve it.)
não tem jeito

There is no way.
Simplesmente não tem jeito. (There's simply no way.)
Post: The Portuguese JEITO (https://www.semantica-

portuguese.com/portuguese-jeito-53605/)
expressions (https://www.semantica-
portuguese.com/grammar-tags/expressions/)
gender endings
Nouns are usually preceded by the (article) o, or a: o hotel, a
casa
Names of people and places (proper nouns) are almost

always preceded by an article: o Brasil, a Sandra.
Mine, yours, his & hers (possessive pronouns) are also

gendered: seu trabalho, sua cozinha.
article M o barco (the boat)

article F a feira (the fair)
proper noun M o Rio de Janeiro (the Rio de Janeiro)
proper noun F a Marissa (the Marissa)
possessive pronoun M seu carro (your car)
possessive pronoun M meu carro (my car)
possessive pronoun F sua bicicleta (your bicycle)
possessive pronoun F minha bicicleta (my bicycle)
Past participles and adjectives take gender-endings to

agree with their subject.
past-participle M O zoológico está aberto. (The zoo is
open.)
past-participle F A janela está aberta. (The window is
open.)
adjective M É um bom hotel. (It's a good hotel.)
adjective F É uma boa praia. (It's a good beach.)
adjective M Ela é muito bonita. (She's very pretty.)
adjective F Ele é muito bonito. (He's very handsome.)
Posts: Portuguese Articles: the The

articles-21004/) | Mine & Yours, His & Hers: Portuguese
possessive pronouns (https://www.semantica-
portuguese.com/portuguese-possessive-pronouns-19252/)
Video
não é
Isn’t it.
This usually gets shortened to “né”.
É muito grande não é? (It's really big, isn't it?)

Não é longe daqui? (Isn't it far from here?)
nem
Use nem when you want to say, don’t even.
Nem pensar! (Don't even think about it! )

Eu nem sei. (I don't even know.)
Eu nem reparei. (I didn't even notice.)
object pronouns (advanced)

There are other substitutions you can make besides the te
for você. The next most commonly used are:
EXAMPLES
É um prazer conhecer você. (M) > It's a pleasure to meet

you.
É um prazer conhecer você. (F) > It's a pleasure to meet
you.
Eu vou concertar x. I'm going to fix x.
Eu vou memorizar y. I'm going to memorize y.
Video
object pronouns (simple)
There are two extremely common substitutions made in
conversational Portuguese:
para você > get’s replaced by te

para mim > get’s replaced by me
These make sentences shorter, more streamlined. *Note the

word order changes. The me, te pronoun goes before the
verb.
Ela falou para você ? > Ela te falou? (Did she tell you?)
Pode falar para mim? > Pode me falar? (Can you tell
me?)
Eu vou falar para você. > Eu vou te falar. (I'm going to tell
you.)
You can also replace você in situations like this:
Eu não conheço você. > Eu não te conheço. (I don't

know you.)
Ele vai ajudar você? > Ele vai te ajudar. (He's going to
help you.)
Eu ajudo você. > Eu te ajudo. (I'll help you.)
Post: Using te instead of você: Object Pronouns
(https://www.semantica-portuguese.com/direct-object-
pronouns-22188/)
Video
parar + de
You always need to place an “de” right after the verb
PARAR and a verb that follows. It’s a rule.
When paired with de, parar + de can be used to say, “Stop

xxx”.
Para de falar. (Stop talking.)

Eu vou parar de fumar. (I'm going to stop smoking.)
Ele parou de chorar. (He stopped crying.)
Always like this: parar + de + verb (infinitive).
past participles
A past participle is just a verb conjugation that describes
something that is over and done: written, said, cooked,
closed etc.
A porta está aberta. (The door is opened.)

O projeto é completado. (The project is completed.)
Ela está cansada. (She's tired.)
Ele foi morto. (He was killed.)
*The endings must take the gender of the subject:

a porta > aberta; o escritório > aberto
Post: Hacking Portuguese Participles

(https://www.semantica-portuguese.com/hacking-
portuguese-participles-30182/)
Video

imperfect subjunctive
Use this tense to talk about things that are or were very
unlikely to happen.
Se eu soubesse o que ela ia fazer... (If I knew what she's
going to do...)
Se você falasse que está tudo bem... (If you were to say
it's all ok...)
Se eu ficasse mais tempo no Brasil... (If I were to stay in
Brazil longer...)
*Also called the Preterit Imperfect or, the Past Subjunctive.
Posts: The Imperfect Subjunctive (https://www.semantica-

portuguese.com/brazilian-portuguese-the-imperfect-
subjunctive-2733/) | the Portuguese Subjunctive
(https://www.semantica-portuguese.com/the-portuguese-
subjunctive-29410/)

plurals: l, r, s, z endings
Words ending in r:
add es
———————————-
Words ending in s:
add es
———————————-
Words ending in z:
add es
———————————-
Words ending in l:
replace l with is
———————————-
mulher > mulheres (women)

bar > bares (bars)
rapaz > rapazes (boys)
raíz > raízes (roots)
português > portugueses (Portguese)
país > países (countries)
casal > casais (couples)
legal > legais (cool)
Video
poder: to be able to, can

It’s similar to CONSEGUIR but used more often. It’s
conjugation is irregular.
Você pode me ajudar? (Can you help me?)

Eu posso trabalhar amanhã. (I can work tomorrow.)
A gente pode fazer juntos? (Can we do it together?)
I can eu posso
you/he/she can você/ele/ela pode
Complete conjugation. (https://www.conjuga-

me.net/verbo-poder)
Post: PODER in Portuguese (https://www.semantica-

portuguese.com/poder-in-portuguese-5255/)

poder + verb
Poder = to be able to, can. It’s often paired with a verb like
this:
Posso sair? (Can I go leave?)

Você pode ir? (Can you go?)
Ela pode ajudar? (Can she help?)
* Note the verb after poder is always in the infinitive.

Posts: Pode deixar (https://www.semantica-
portuguese.com/pode-deixar-25487/) | PODER in Portuguese
(https://www.semantica-portuguese.com/poder-in-
portuguese-5255/)
Video

precisar
If you’re talking about needing a person, place or thing (ie: a
noun), always place a de after precisar. The de is there
because you are literally saying I need of something.
Eu preciso de você! (I need you!)

Ele precisa de dinheiro. (He needs money.)
(de + o = do) > Você precisa do meu telefone? (Do you
need my phone?)
If followed by a verb you don’t need the de.
Eu preciso correr. (I need to run.)

Ela precisa estudar. (She needs to study.)
Você precisa descansar? (You need to rest.)
Posts: Precisar + de (https://www.semantica-
portuguese.com/precisar-de-21097/) | to need in Portuguese
(https://www.semantica-portuguese.com/to-need-in-
portuguese-5696/)
Video

de
The meaning of the preposition de varies depending on the
context but, it generally means of, from, by & with & *using*.
from > De onde você é? (from where are you?)

by > Vamos de carro. (Let's go by car.)
of > É de madeira. (It's made of wood.)
using > Estou de relógio. (I'm using a watch)
It’s also used to help verbs express the “ing” (in English
called a Present Participle) – the Present Progressive
grammar/present-progressive-tense/) tense.
de brigar > Para de brigar. (Stop fighting.)

de fazer > (I'm doing my job.)
Post: Portuguese preposition de (https://www.semantica-

portuguese.com/portuguese-preposition-de-36722/)
Video
present tense: sair, descobrir

Some popular irregular verbs in the present tense.
to discover descobrir
I discover eu descubro
you/he/she discover(s) você/ele/ela descobre
to go out, leave sair
I leave eu saio
you/he/she leave(s) você/ele/ela sai
* More accurately called, the present indicative tense.
Video
present perfect
To say “I’ve been working every weekend” you use the
present perfect verb form. Just use TER + past participle of
any
(the present perfect indicative)
VERB:
eu > Eu tenho trabalhado todo dia. (I've been working

every day.)
você > Você tem treinado? (Have you been training?)
ele/ela > Ela tem saído muito! (She's been going out a
lot!)
You only need to modify the TER to match the subject.
Posts: The Present Perfect Tense (https://www.semantica-

portuguese.com/present-perfect-tense-2320/) | I’ve been
working (https://www.semantica-portuguese.com/ive-been-
working-5376/) | Perfectly Speaking (https://www.semantica-
portuguese.com/speak-perfectly-12860/)
Video
present progressive tense

Drop the ending (-ar, -er, -ir) and adding -ando, -endo, -indo
respectively.
Use this to say whats happening right now : I’m working,

He’s surfing, You’re talking, etc. (often called the
Portuguese “ing”).
-ar verbs
She’s arriving Ela está chegando

Who’s talking? Quem está falando?
-er verbs
I’m eating. Eu estou comendo

He’s losing. Ele está perdendo
-ir verbs
He’s insisting. Ele está insistindo

She’s driving. Ela está dirigindo
*This is often called the gerund.
Eu estou trabalhando agora. (I'm working now.)
Você está comendo açúcar? (Are you eating sugar?)
Ele está dirigindo. (He's driving.)
Posts: The Present Progressive (gerund)

gerund-26489/) | The Present Progressive : examples
gerund-2-30149/)
Video

present subjunctive
Use this tense to talk about things that are uncertain to
happen: in the present.
Eu espero que você pense melhor. (I hope that you think

better.)
Você quer que eu dirija? (Do you want me to drive?)
É importante que você aprenda. (It's important that you
learn.)
Words that almost always trigger this tense:
espero que (I hope that…)
quero que (I want that…)
importante que (It’s important that…)
Forming
Take the 1st-person present root and add an:
+e for ar verbs
+a for er/ir verbs
Example: ACONTECER
the 1st-person present is: eu aconteço;
the root is aconteç;
adding an a > aconteça.
Post: the Portuguese Subjunctive

subjunctive-29410/)

simple past tense ~ar verbs

“simple past” = action that is over and done.
to speak falar
I said eu falei
you/he/she said você/ele/ela falou
we said nós falamos
they/you all said eles/elas falaram
* More accurately called, the preterit indicative tense.
Video

simple past tense ~er verbs

to eat comer
I ate eu comi
you/he/she ate você/ele/ela comeu
we ate nós comemos
they/you all ate eles/elas comeram
Video

simple past tense ~ir verbs

to leave, depart partir
I left eu parti
you/he/she left você/ele/ela partiu
we left nós partimos
they/you all leave eles/elas partiram
Video

simple past tense: ser, ir
These two essential verbs are very irregular in the “simple
past” tense. BUT – they’re exactly the same! Saying was or
went, is usually written the same.
to be ser
I was eu fui
you/he/she were (was) você/ele/ela foi
to go ir
I went eu fui
you/he/she went você/ele/ela foi
Post: FUI in Portuguese – the verb ir

(https://www.semantica-portuguese.com/fui-in-portuguese-
29717/)
Video

primeiro, primeira
Primeiro(a) means, first. The ending has to agree with the
subject gender.
O primeiro beijo. (The first kiss.)

A primeira vez. (The first time.)
Post: primeiro, primeira in Portuguese

(https://www.semantica-portuguese.com/primeiro-primeira-
in-portuguese-40686/)
reflexive verbs
Almost any verb can be used reflexively. Whenever the
subject is receiving and doing the action at the same time,
it’s reflexive. To make a verb reflexive just add a me or se to
say myself (me), or yourself, himself, herself (se). These are
called Reflexive Pronouns
(https://streetsmartbrazil.com/reflexive-verbs-made-simple-
in-portuguese/):
Reflexive
Pronoun
Eu me Eu me levantei. (I got myself up)
Você se Você se levantou. (You got yourself up)
Ele se Ele se levantou. (He got himself up)
Ela se Ela se levantou. (She got herself up)
A gente se A gente se levantou. (We got ourselves up)
Eu não me lembro. I don't (myself) remember

Eu me chamo Juliana. I call myself Juliana.
Não vou me preocupar. I'm not going to worry (myself).
Você se machucou? Did you hurt yourself?
Eu me sentei. I sat (myself) down.
Nós nos divertimos. We enjoyed ourselves.
Post: Portuguese Reflexive Verbs (https://www.semantica-

portuguese.com/portuguese-reflexive-verbs-34693/)
Video
sem + verb
You can combine sem, plus (almost) any verb in it’s infinitive
form
(https://www.learningportuguese.co.uk/guide/grammar/more-
about-verbs/verbs-the-infinitive).
You can use this format to say things like, sem falar, sem
pagar, sem pensar, sem perguntar and so on.
Sem saber o que fazer. (Without knowing what to do)

Eu estou falando sem parar. (I'm talking non-stop.)
sem olhar (without looking)
Post: Portuguese prepositions & verbs

prepositions-verbs-34898/)
ser in the infinitive

Just like any verb, you can use ser (to be) in it’s infinitive.
It's good to be Brazilian! > É bom ser brasileiro.

It's easy to be happy. > É fácil ser feliz.

portuguese.com/grammar-tags/verb-tenses/), verbs (present)
(https://www.semantica-portuguese.com/grammar-
tags/verbs-present-tense/)
tão
Use tão to express so, so much, so very. Use it convey
degree, not quantity.
Eu fiquei tão cansado. (I got so sleepy.)

O filme é tão triste. (The movie is so sad.)
Ela parece tão feliz. ( She looks so happy.)
ter que
To have to or, must.
Ter que literally means to have that.
Eu tenho que ir. (I have to go.)

Você vai ter que pagar. (You're going to have to pay.)
Ela tem que entender. (She has to understand.)
Post: ter que – to have to, in Portuguese
(https://www.semantica-portuguese.com/ter-que-portuguese-
37802/)
Video

acabar: to end up
to end up acabar
I end up eu acabo
you/he/she end(s) up você/ele/ela acaba

me.net/verbo-acabar)

acertar: to get right

to get right acertar
I get it right eu acerto

you/he/she get(s) it
você/ele/ela acerta
right

me.net/verbo-acertar)

agradecer: to thank
to thank agradecer
I thank eu agradeço
you/he/she thanks(s) você/ele/ela agradece

me.net/verbo-agradecer)

andar: to walk, step
to walk, step, go andar
I walk eu ando
you/he/she walks(s) você/ele/ela anda
Complete conjugation. (https://conjuga-me.net/verbo-

andar)

arrumar: to fix up
to fix up arrumar
I fix up eu arrumo
you/he/she fixe(s) it up você/ele/ela arruma

me.net/verbo-arrumar)
atender: to attend
to attend atender
I attend eu atendo
you/he/she attend(s) você/ele/ela atende

me.net/verbo-atender)

atrasar: to delay
to delay atrasar
I delay eu atraso
you/he/she delay(s) você/ele/ela atrasa
me.net/verbo-atrasar)

conseguir: to get, succeed
to succeed conseguir
I succeed eu consigo
you/he/she succeed(s) você/ele/ela consegue

me.net/verbo-conseguir)

contar: to tell, count

to tell, count contar
I tell eu conto
you/he/she tells(s) você/ele/ela conta
Complete conjugation. (https://conjuga-me.net/verbo-

contar)

conversar: to converse
to converse conversar
I converse eu converso
you/he/she
você/ele/ela conversa
converse(s)

me.net/verbo-conversar)

culpar: to blame
to blame culpar
I blame eu culpo
you/he/she blame(s) você/ele/ela culpa

me.net/verbo-culpar)

dar: to give
to give dar (irregular)
I give eu dou
you/he/she give(s) você/ele/ela dá

me.net/verbo-dar)
decidir: to decide
to decide decidir
I decide eu decido
you/he/she decide(s) você/ele/ela decide

me.net/verbo-decidir)

deixar: to leave, let
to leave, let deixar
I let eu deixo
you/he/she let(s) você/ele/ela deixa
me.net/verbo-deixar)

devolver: to give back
to give back devolver
I give back eu devolvo

você/ele/ela
you/he/she give(s) back e
devolv

me.net/verbo-devolver)

dever: must, ought

must dever
I must eu devo
you/he/she must você/ele/ela deve

me.net/verbo-dever)

dividir: to share, divide
to share dividir
I share eu divido
you/he/she share(s) você/ele/ela divide

me.net/verbo-dividir)

esquecer: to forget
to forget esquecer
I forget eu esqueço
você/ele/ela
you/he/she forget(s) e
esquec

me.net/verbo-esquecer)
ESQUECER is usually followed by a de. That’s because

when you forget, you usually forget about/of something.
Esqueceu de mim? You forgot about me?

Esqueci desse restaurante. I forgot about this restaurant.
Ela esqueceu como dançar. She forgot how to dance.

explicar: to form
to explain explicar
I explain eu explico
you/he/she explain(s) você/ele/ela explica

me.net/verbo-explicar)

faltar: to lack, miss, be out of
to miss faltar
I miss eu falto
you/he/she dream(s) você/ele/ela falta

me.net/verbo-faltar)

fechar: to close
to close fechar
I close eu fecho
you/he/she close(s) você/ele/ela fecha

me.net/verbo-fechar)

guardar: to keep
to keep guardar
I keep eu guardo
you/he/she keep(s) você/ele/ela guarda

me.net/verbo-guardar)
importar: to matter, import
to matter, import importar
I matter eu importo
você/ele/ela
you/he/she matter(s) a
import

me.net/verbo-importar)

indicar: to indicate, recommend
to recommend indicar
I recommend eu indico
you/he/she você/ele/ela indica
recommend(s)

me.net/verbo-indicar)

lembrar: to remember
to remember lembrar
I remember eu lembro
you/he/she
você/ele/ela lembra
remember(s)

me.net/verbo-lembrar)

ligar: to call, connect
Use ligar to talk about calling or connecting – almost
always when talking about modern technology: telephones,
computers, networks.
to call, connect ligar
I call eu ligo
you/he/she call(s) você/ele/ela liga

me.net/verbo-ligar)
Eu vou ligar para você. (I'm going to call you.)

Você quer ligar à Internet? (Do you want to go online?)
Ligar can also be used to express caring or, connectedness.
Eu não ligo. (I don't care.)

mexer: to move, stir

to move mexer
I move eu mexo
you/he/she move(s) você/ele/ela mexe

me.net/verbo-mexer)

morrer: to die
to die morrer
I die eu morro
you/he/she die(s) você/ele/ela morre

me.net/verbo-morrer)

mudar: to move, change
to move, change mudar
I move, change eu mudo

you/he/she move(s) você/ele/ela muda

me.net/verbo-mudar)

pagar: to pay
to pay pagar
I pay eu pago
you/he/she pay(s) você/ele/ela paga

me.net/verbo-pagar)
parar: to stop
to stop parar
I stop eu paro
you/he/she stop(s) você/ele/ela para

me.net/verbo-parar)

passar: to pass
to pass passar
I pass eu passo
you/he/she pass(es) você/ele/ela passa
me.net/verbo-passar)

perceber: to realize, perceive
to realize, perceive perceber
I realize eu percibo
you/he/she realize(s) você/ele/ela percebe

me.net/verbo-perceber)

perder: to lose
to lose perder (irregular)
I lose eu perco
you/he/she lose(s) você/ele/ela perde

me.net/verbo-perder)

repetir: to repeat
to repeat repetir
I repeat eu repito
you/he/she repeat(s) você/ele/ela repete

me.net/verbo-conseguir)

resolver: to resolve
to forget resolver
I resolve eu resolvo
you/he/she resolve(s) você/ele/ela resolve

me.net/verbo-resolver)

sair: to leave, go out
to leave sair (irregular)
I leave eu saio
you/he/she leave(s) você/ele/ela sai

me.net/verbo-sair)
servir: to serve
to serve servir
I serve eu sirvo
you/he/she serves(s) você/ele/ela serve

me.net/verbo-servir)

torcer: to cheer, root for
to cheer torcer
I cheer eu torço
you/he/she cheers(s) você/ele/ela torce
me.net/verbo-trazer)

tomar: to take
to take tomar
I take eu tomo
you/he/she take(s) você/ele/ela toma

me.net/verbo-tomar)

trabalhar: to work
to work trabalhar
I work eu trabalho
você/ele/ela
you/he/she work(s) a
trabalh

me.net/verbo-trabalhar)

trazer: to bring
to bring trazer
I bring eu trago
you/he/she bring(s) você/ele/ela traz

me.net/verbo-trazer)

valer: to be worth
to value, be worth valer (irregular)
I value eu valho
you/he/she value(s) você/ele/ela vale

me.net/verbo-valer)

ver: to see
to see, watch ver (irregular)
I see eu vejo
you/he/she see(s) você/ele/ela vê

me.net/verbo-ver)
voltar: to return
to return, come back voltar
I return eu volto
you/he/she return(s) você/ele/ela volta

me.net/verbo-voltar)

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Here's a summary of the grammar you've learned in this

Nós vamos! > A gente vai! (We're going!)

Post: A gente (https://www.semantica-portuguese.com/a-

Acabei de acordar. (I just woke up.)

Post: acabar de – to just do it (https://www.semantica-

verbs (present) (https://www.semantica-

Minha casa é maior do que essa. (My house is bigger than

Post: Portuguese Comparatives (https://www.semantica-

With esse and essa: (this)

de + esse = desse > Sei tudo desse lugar. (I know

With ele and ela: (him/her)

de + ele = dele > É a casa dele? (Is it his house?)

Post: Common Contractions (https://www.semantica-

This is becomming the accepted standard, preferred form of

Eu estou aqui. > Eu tô aqui. (I'm here.)

verbs (present) (https://www.semantica-

Post: Dar para (https://www.semantica-

This & That (conversational)

*All of these contract (combine) with any other prepositions or

Post: THIS & THAT – Demonstrative Pronouns

Eu vou descer aqui. (I'm going to get oﬀ here.)

Ela pode subir. (She can come up.)

verbs (present) (https://www.semantica-

Eu devo trabalhar hoje. I should work today.

verbs (present) (https://www.semantica-

masculine words --inho > bonitinho, devagarinho (cute,

It’s also very common to change noun endings to lend a sense

--ão > Ele é meu amigão. (He's my great friend.)

Eu estou com fome. (I'm hungry.)

This translates literally as, to be with. In Portuguese when

Eu estou sem dinheiro. (I have no money.)

Post: estar com, estar de (https://www.semantica-

Ele trabalharia hoje mas... (He would work today but...)

Post: the Conditional in Portuguese

verb tenses (https://www.semantica-

Me liga quando você chegar. (Call me when you arrive.)

Words that almost always trigger this tense:

Post: the Future Subjunctive (https://www.semantica-

verb tenses (https://www.semantica-

(1) it’s been a while

Há muito tempo! (It's been a long time!)

verbs (present) (https://www.semantica-

Tell me everything! Me conte tudo!

-er and -ir regular verbs

Get out of here! Suma daqui!

esperar > Me espera! (Wait for me!)

Post: The Portuguese Imperative (https://www.semantica-

verb tenses (https://www.semantica-

imperfect indicative tense

» Eu trabalhava no Banco do Brasil.

When I was younger I would always drink a few beers

» Quando eu era mais jovem eu sempre bebia umas

Things that used to happen or, would (always) happen,

I used to work eu trabalhava

-er and -ir regular verbs

I used to eat eu comia

ar verbs > Trabalhava nessa empresa. (I used to work at

*Also called the Preterite Imperfect

Post: the Imperfect Indicative (https://www.semantica-

verb tenses (https://www.semantica-

imperfect tense of estar

Eu estava almoçando quando você ligou. (I was having

Post: ESTAR-the definitive reference

verb tenses (https://www.semantica-