Quarter 3 – Module 1:

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Paula May P. David

Editor: Noelyn A. Ingayan
Reviewer: Rolylyn H. Dado
Layout Artist: Ralph Berly A. Pineda
Management Team: SDS Zenia G. Mostoles, EdD, CESO V
ASDS Leonardo C. Canlas, EdD, CESE
ASDS Rowena T. Quiambao, CESE
CID Chief, Celia R. Lacanlale, PhD
SGOD Chief, Arceli S. Lopez, PhD
June D. Cunanan, EPS-I, English
Ruby M. Jimenez, EPS-I, LRMDS

Published by: Department of Education, Schools Division of Pampanga

Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes, City of San Fernando, Pampanga

Telephone No: (045) 435-2728

E-mail Address: pampanga@deped.gov.ph

 Introductory Message

Welcome to the Reading and Writing Skills 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on (Compare & Contrast Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines).
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet
the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

Welcome to the Reading and Writing Skills 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on Compare & Contrast Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.
Patterns of development help us sort out information and shape paragraphs or essays.
They can help organize an outline, or depending on the purpose they can determine
the form that a paper will take. Remember that most papers use a combination of
methods, working together in function of each other.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. (non-
negotiable)
 This module will help your readers follow the ideas within your essay and your
paragraphs, but they can also work as methods of development to help you recognize
and further develop ideas and relationships in your writing.
Please help the learners in sharing their ideas and knowledge from their
experiences so that there will be collaboration and learning will be easy.
Answers are written at the back of this module. Inculcate to the learners the
value of honesty while answering this module.

Learning to use these Compare and contrast patterns in written text is not
difficult: you will need to familiarize yourself with key transitional expressions that send
a signal to the reader that a particular pattern is being used, and you will need to make
conscious decisions about which strategies best develops your ideas.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Determine the purpose and structure of comparison and contrast in writing.
2. Explain organizational methods used when comparing and contrasting.
3. Understand how to write a compare-and-contrast text.

Fill in the boxes. Look around you and pick two things that you want to use to
answer your graphic organizer. Answer this on separate sheet of paper.
Example:
ITEM 1 ITEM 2

WHALE FISH

• LIVE IN WATER
SIMILARITIES
• HAVE FINS
• CAN SWIM

DIFFERENCES
• LAY EGGS
• HAVE HAIR
• HAVE SCALE
• LIVE BIRTH
• BREATHE
• BREATHE AIR
WATER
 Compare refers to the method of distinguishing the likenesses and contrasts
between two things. On the other hand, Contrast alludes to identifying as it were the
contrasts between two things. Whereas the qualification between these two terms may
show up on the surface to be very subtle, it is vital that students can precisely
differentiate between the two concepts to ensure they are able to reply questions and
prompts accurately.
The ability to compare and differentiate is one of the primary higher-order
abilities students are introduced to. And it is no wonder, as the ability to classify and
compare things in terms of their contrasts and likenesses compares to some of
cognitive advancement. Without the capacity to bunch things successfully in terms of
their similarities and differences, much of what we consider as ‘learning’ would be
incomprehensible.
The key to a good text for comparison and contrast is to choose two or more
subjects which interact in a meaningful manner. The aim of conducting the comparison
or contrast is to highlight subtle differences or surprising similarities rather than state
the obvious. For example, if you chose to concentrate on opposing two topics, you
wouldn't choose apples and oranges; instead, you would prefer to compare and
contrast two types of oranges or two types of apples to illustrate subtle differences.
It's also an evaluative tool to compare and contrast. To make accurate
assessments about a given topic, you first need to know the critical points of similarity
and difference. Comparing and comparing is a key method for many comparisons of
workplaces. You likely compared yourself to other colleagues and contrasted with
them. Using comparison and contrast, employee advances, pay raises, hiring, and
firing typically take place. Comparison and contrast could be used to assess
individuals, departments or companies.

Read each sentence. Write Compare if the sentence is comparing and Contrast if not.
1. That story resembles one I read a year ago.
2. I eat meat, whereas my parents are vegetarians.
3. I ordered steak; however, I was served chicken.
4. Lea had her hair done in style similar to mine
5. I got an A in English, and I am doing well in other classes, too.
 Covid-19 Pandemic changes lots of things in our daily living and most of us need to
adjust from this. Now, write 5 sentences about the activities you do before and during this
pandemic.

https://safeharboril.com/category/new-normal/

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

Discussion of Activity 1
Development patterns help us sort out paragraphs or essays and shape the
information. They can help organize a sketch, or they can determine the form a paper
takes depending on the purpose. Note that most paper would use a variety of
approaches, working together according to each other's functions.
These are some examples of how the methods can help limiting the topic,
developing a thesis statement, and writing an outline.
1. Narration means to tell a story: The history of the Love Canal
• A narration deals with people, places, events, dates, etc.
2. Description means to tell what something is like.
• Describe the damage done by pollution to a river, lake, forest, etc. A good
description will revolve around a "dominant impression."
3. Illustration with examples means that a generalization is supported by specific
instances.
• Food industries do not encourage consumers to produce less litter.
4. Definition means to explain what something is.
• Define "ozone layer"
5. Classification means to sort items in order to group together those with similar
characteristics and to distinguish them from those with different characteristics.
• Provide examples of how we can reduce waste by reducing, reusing, recycling.
6. Causal analysis means to find the reasons that produced a certain result or to
identify the results produced by a certain phenomenon.
• Effects of acid rain on vegetation
7. Argumentation means to provide enough reasons and proof to convince the reader
that a certain opinion is valid.
• Industries do not receive enough incentives to reduce waste.

Another method you can use is compare and contrast pattern. This arranges
knowledge according to whether two or more items (or both) are identical to or distinct
from each other. This is an effective pattern to use when one subject is described in
relation to another when the reader can better understand it. If the reader is familiar
with one subject, the writer may compare it with another subject or contrast it to offer
an insight into it.
This pattern organizes knowledge about a topic by separating it into its "good" and
"bad" sections, or the pro and con's. It is effective to use when a writer wishes to
discuss both sides of a problem objectively without adopting a persuasive stance. This
allows the reader to weigh up both sides of a issue. As with the pattern of comparison-
contrast, there are several possible variations to a pattern of advantages-
disadvantages.

Signal words used for Comparison and Contrast:

COMPARISON: Examples:
Spring weather in Vancouver is similar to spring weather
is similar to
in Halifax.
both
Both Vancouver and Halifax have rain in the spring.
also
Halifax also has a rainy spring season.
too
Halifax has a rainy spring season, too.
as well
As well, Halifax has rainy spring season
CONTRAST:
On the other hand, winter is much colder in Halifax.
on the other hand
However, winter is much colder in Halifax.
however
Vancouver has a mild winter, but Halifax has a cold one.
but
In contrast to Vancouver, Halifax has a cold winter.
in contrast to
Halifax differs from Vancouver by having a cold winter.
differs from
While Vancouver has a mild winter, Halifax has a cold
while
winter.
unlike
Unlike Halifax, Vancouver doesn't get much snow.
https://www.testden.com/toefl/writing-tutorial/compare-and-contrast-paragraph.htm
 Choose one of the following three categories. Pick two examples from each.
Then come up with one similarity and two differences between the examples.
1. Movies
2. Social Media Applications
3. Cell phones
Example:
MOVIES: HARRY POTTER & SUPERMAN
Similarity:
• Fantasy genre
Differences:
Harry Potter
• Produced by Warner Bros. Picture
Superman
• Produced by various studios over time

Choose one of the following three items. Then come up with two difference and
two similarities. Create an appropriate graphic organizer.
1. Traditional class and Online class
2. Department stores and discount retail stores
3. Fast food chains and fine dining restaurants
Example:

TRADITIONAL CLASS
VS ONLINE CLASS

• Collaborative learning

• Technology tools (videos, power

points

Traditional class
• Classroom presence required
Online class
• Asynchronous
 Choose one of the following topics, and practice writing 2-3 paragraphs of text
using compare and contrast pattern.
1. Safety in sports
2. Community policing
3. A book or movie that impacted you
4. One thing you would change about your community
5. Beauty standards
6. How the media affects identity formation
7. Gender roles
8. Race in America
9. The value of art in society
10. Drugs and alcohol

After doing the activity 2, create an appropriate graphic organizer to summarize

your text and too much easier to understand the similarities and differences of your
topic.
Here are sample organizers you can use:

https://www.edrawsoft.com/template-comparison-and-contrast.php https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/129830401730989335/
 Write True or False to each sentence.
1. A compare and contrast pattern arrange information according to how two
or more things are similar only from one another.
2. For contrast, you can use these signal words: on the contrary, differs from,
rather than.
3. Although a comparison and contrast essay is set to demonstrate both
similarities as well as differences, sometimes it only shows similarities, and
at other times, only differences.
4. The key to a good compare-and-contrast text is to choose two or more
subjects that connect in a meaningful way.
5. In order to make accurate evaluations about a given topic, you must first
know the critical points of similarity and difference.

Analyze the text and list down the similarities and differences of its content on
a separate sheet of paper.

Basketball and Soccer

Basketball and soccer are sports with many similarities and
differences. Both sports are fun to play and each one has many beneficial
qualities. Here are some of the similarities and differences with basketball
and soccer.
Basketball and soccer are played with a round ball. They both
provide a ton of cardiovascular exercise such as running; so if you want to
get in shape these are the sports to play. A referee judges each game.
When a player breaks the rules he or she is called for a foul. A soccer
player receives a red or yellow card and a basketball player is called for a
foul. Finally, a score is kept in each game. The team with the highest score
wins.
Even though basketball and soccer are similar, differences do exist.
Even though an athlete dribbles the ball in both sports, a basketball player
uses his hands and a soccer player uses his feet. Usually soccer is played
outside on a large field and basketball is played indoor on a court made
out of wood. Basketball is played with 5 players and soccer has 11. Lastly,
basketball has four quarters and soccer has two halves. In conclusion both
sports are fun and exciting to play. Each one offers exercise and
competitiveness. Also, they are unique in their own way.

https://www.northallegheny.org/cms/lib4/PA01001119/Centricity/Domain/253/Compare%20and%20Contrast%20Paragraph%20Example.pdf
 Analyze the text and create a graphic organizer to summarize the comparison
and contrast of its content.

Before the advent of computers and modern technology, people

communicating over long distances used traditional means such as letters
and the telephone. Nowadays we have a vast array of communication tools
which can complete this task, ranging from email to instant messaging and
video calls. While the present and previous means of communication are
similar in their general form, they differ in regard to their speed and the
range of tools available.
One similarity between current and previous methods of
communication relates to the form of communication. In the past, both
written forms such as letters were frequently used, in addition to oral forms
such as telephone calls. Similarly, people nowadays use both of these
forms. Just as in the past, written forms of communication are prevalent, for
example via email and text messaging. In addition, oral forms are still used,
including the telephone, mobile phone, and voice messages via instant
messaging services.
However, there are clearly many differences in the way we
communicate over long distances, the most notable of which is speed. This
is most evident in relation to written forms of communication. In the past,
letters would take days to arrive at their destination. In contrast, an email
arrives almost instantaneously and can be read seconds after it was sent.
In the past, if it was necessary to send a short message, for example at
work, a memo could be passed around the office, which would take some
time to circulate. This is different from the current situation, in which a text
message can be sent immediately.
Another significant difference is the range of communication
methods. Fifty years ago, the tools available for communicating over long
distances were primarily the telephone and the letter. By comparison, there
are a vast array of communication methods available today. These include
not only the telephone, letter, email and text messages already mentioned,
but also video conferences via software such as Skype or mobile phone
apps such as WeChat, and social media such as Facebook and Twitter.
In conclusion, methods of communication have greatly advanced
over the past fifty years. While there are some similarities, such as the forms
of communication, there are significant differences, chiefly in relation to the
speed of communication and the range of communication tools available.
There is no doubt that technology will continue to progress in future, and
the advanced tools which we use today may one day also become outdated.
https://www.eapfoundation.com/writing/essays/candc/
 Write a comparison and contrast essay of any below. Limit your essay to 3
paragraphs only.
1. Sports or diets: what is more effective for weight loss?
2. Audio books or paper books
3. Fashion today and twenty years before
4. Silver and gold
5. E-mail vs. usual post
6. Buying things online vs. shopping at malls
7. Love vs. friendship
8. Cars vs. bikes
9. Samsung vs. Apple
10. Classical vs. pop music
 Answer may vary Answer may vary Answer may vary
Assessment What's More What I Know

References
Greg Pulliam, “Communication Across The Curriculum”,
https://web.iit.edu/cac/student-resources/writing-guides/writing-process/patterns-development-writing

Romnick Bistayan, “Patterns of Development in Writing Across Disciplines”, last modified Feb 04, 2019
https://www.scribd.com/presentation/398846476/Patterns-of-Development-in-Writing-Across-Disciplines

Excelsior College, “Writing Patterns”,

https://owl.excelsior.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/11/WritingPatterns2019.pdf

The University of Texas at El Paso, “Comparison and Contrast”,

http://utminers.utep.edu/ajkline/compare.htm

University of Washington, “Patterns of Organization”,

http://faculty.washington.edu/ezent/impo.htm#CCP

“Comparison and Contrast Essay”, Literary Devices 2020,

https://literarydevices.net/comparisoncontrastessay/#:~:text=Definition%20of%20Comparison%20and%20Contra
st%20Essay,disadvantages%20of%20both%20the%20objects

“Compare and Contrast Paragraph Example”,

https://www.northallegheny.org/cms/lib4/PA01001119/Centricity/Domain/253/Compare%20and%20Contrast%20
Paragraph%20Example.pdf

Sheldon C H Smith, “Compare & Contrast Essays”, last modified 2013,

https://www.eapfoundation.com/writing/essays/candc/

Illustrations
https://www.freepik.com/