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21st Century Literature from the

Philippines and the World
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
ELEMENTS of Philippine Literary Genres
21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World– Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Elements of Philippine Genres
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright
holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these
materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Grace A. Cimafranca, Catherine A. Credo, Sheena Español, Pilita E. Ramirez &
Sheena Marie E. Rubia
Editors: Ellen E. Edrial EdD and Esteria J. Macajelos
Reviewers: Ellen E. Edrial EdD and Esteria J. Macajelos
Illustrator: None
Layout Artist/Typesetter: Josephine V. Austero
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Fay C. Luarez, TM, EdD, PhD. Maricel S. Rasid
Nilita l. Ragay, EdD Elmar L. Cabrera
Adolf P. Aguilar
Anna Lee A. Amores, EdD

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
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21st Century Literature

from the Philippines and
the World
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Elements of Philippine Literary Genres
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:
Welcome to the 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module 3 on Elements of Philippine Literary
Genres!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

“Give Learners an uncommon experience.”

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:
Welcome to the 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module 3 on Elements of Philippine Literary
Genres!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

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 This part includes an activity that aims to check
what you already know about the lesson to take.
What I Know
If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may
decide to skip this module.

This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

What’s In current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced

What’s New to you in various ways; a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity or a situation.

This section provides a brief discussion of the

What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent practice

to solidify your understanding and skills of the
What’s More
topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the
module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled into process what
you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will help
What I Can Do you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real
life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of
Assessment mastery in achieving the learning competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given to you

Additional Activities to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson
learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

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The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENT PAGES

TITLE PAGE ------------------------------------------------ i

INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE ----------------------------------------- ii

For the Facilitator ----------------------------------------- ii
For the Learner ----------------------------------------- ii

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW ----------------------------------------- 1

Learning Competency ----------------------------------------- 1
Learning Objectives ----------------------------------------- 2

WHAT I KNOW ------------------------------------------------ 2

Task 1 ------------------------------------------------ 2

WHAT’S IN ------------------------------------------------ 3
Task 2 ------------------------------------------------ 3

WHAT’S NEW ------------------------------------------------ 4

Task 3 ------------------------------------------------ 4

WHAT IS IT ------------------------------------------------ 5

WHAT’S MORE ------------------------------------------------ 7

Task 4 ------------------------------------------------ 7

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED --------------------------------------- 7

Task 5 --------------------------------------- 7

WHAT I CAN DO ---------------------------------------- 8

Task 6 ---------------------------------------- 8

ASSESSMENT ------------------------------------------------ 9
Task 7 ------------------------------------------------ 9

ANSWER KEYS ------------------------------------------------ 11

REFERENCE LIST -------------------------------------------- 12

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 WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Philippine literature reflects a diverse group of works which are grounded on

real-life experiences and mirrors Filipino cultures and traditions. Thus,
promoted Filipino cultural values, told daily struggles of locals, and have
instilled a remarkable lesson or two.

According to Barrie Jean Borich, Creative nonfiction is a memory-

or-fact based writing that makes use of styles and elements of fiction, poetry,
memoir, and essay. It is a writing about and from a world that includes the
author’s life and/or the author’s eye on the lives of others. Creative Nonfiction
is a genre that answers to many different names, these names are: Literary
Nonfiction; Narrative Nonfiction; Literary Journalism; Imaginative Nonfiction;
Lyric Essay; Personal Essay; Personal Narrative; and Literary Memoir.
Creative Nonfiction is even, sometimes, thought of as another way of writing
fiction, because of the way writing changes the way we know the subject.
Furthermore, a poem as the highest form of literature helps the
readers understand things that are happening in the society, express ideas
on issues, and finally share experiences. In addition, reading a poem the
reader connects with the writer’s life perspective which the reader unfolds the
meaning of the text.
This module covers the elements of Philippine Literary genres,
specifically short story and poetry written by Filipino authors. By reading their
works, we may tend to see the other’s interpretation of living and appreciate
the beauty of life.

Learning Competencies

EN 12Lit-1d-25. Compare and contrast the various 21st century literary

genres and the ones from the earlier genres / periods
citing their elements, structures and traditions.

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 At the end of the module, you should be able to:

Knowledge: Discuss the literary genres, literary elements and

structure.
Skills: compare and contrast pre-colonial literary forms from
contemporary literary forms in terms of genre, elements,
structure and tradition.
Attitude: perform the different tasks with confidence.

Please take note that all answers shall be written in your activity
notebooks, and that there should never be any markings placed in this
module.

WHAT I KNOW

Task 1
Direction: Supply the following with the appropriate word found in the box
to complete the statements.

Flashback Foreshadowing Fiction

Meter Plot Plot Devices
El Ilocano Rhyme Conflict
Stanza Line break Poetry
Essay Drama Speech

1. _______ a formal address or discourse delivered to an audience.

2. _______ refers to the series of events which have causal relationship
with others.
3. ______ are techniques that the writers creatively present the events in
the story.
4. ______ is a plot device where the story moves away from the current
events happening in the story to a time in the past.
5. ______ is a plot device where the writer presents an image or a scene
which gives the reader clues as to events which will happen in the
future.

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 6. ______ it is a story that comes from the writer’s imagination.
7. _____ It is a group of lines in a poem. It is often called a “verse”
8. _____ It is a pattern of words that contain similar sounds.
9. _____ It is the rhythmic structure of a poem.
10. _____ a form of literature often uses rhythmic qualities of
language to evoke meaning.
11. _____ are stories composed inverse or prose, usually for theatrical
performance, where conflict and emotion are expressed through
dialogue and action
12. ____ a short literary composition that reflects the author’s outlook
or point

WHAT’S IN

Task 2. VENN DIAGRAM

Instructions: Give the similarities and differences between poetry and short
story using the Venn Diagram.

poetry Simila - Short story

rities

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 WHAT’S NEW

Task 3

Directions: Analyze the words found in the word pool and sort them
according to their category as indicated in the table provided
below the word pool.

Poetry Drama Prose

Non-fiction Media Characterization

Point of View Tone Mood

Symbolism Stanza Meter

Rhyme Line Break

Literary Genres Literary Elements Structure

Explore!

1. How did you find the activity?

2. Was it easy/difficult for you to categorize the words? Why?
3. What is your basis for categorizing?

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 WHAT IS IT

Five Main GENRES OF LITERATURE that students must be familiar with.

1. Poetry - is a literary type that is merely always written in stanzas

and lines creating a unique look on the page.
2. Drama- is any text meant to be performed rather than read.
3. Prose - is any kind of written text that is not poetry.
4. Non-fiction – a vast category that is a type of prose that includes
many different sub-genres. It can be creative such as personal essays
or factual, such as scientific paper.
5. Media – the newest type of literature that has been defined as a
distinct genre. This categorization was created to encompass the
many new and important kinds of texts in our society today such as
movies and films, websites, commercials, billboards, and radio
programs.
Source: brighthubeducation.com

ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE

I. Elements of Plot is the sequence of events in a story which often

have a causal relationship with each other.

Plot Devices are techniques that the writer uses to creatively present
the events in the story
Flashback is a plot device where the story moves away from the
current events happening in the story to a time in the past.
Foreshadowing is a plot device where the story presents an image or
a scene which gives the reader clues as to events which will happen in the
future.
Exposition refers to character (s ) introduced, setting, goals,
motivation , stakes established .

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 Falling action is the aftermath or results.
Rising action refers to conflicts, struggles, and blocks to the goal or
journey.
Climax is the turning point. Battle is won or lost. Resolution to the
conflict occurs or is made possible.

Resolution or denouement refers to the problem, conflict (usually )

resolved, enemy vanquished, goal reached ( or not ).
II. Characters- Persons who are involved in the story.
III. Point of View – refers to how the story is being told / narrated.
IV. Tone / Mood
Tone refers to the author’s attitude, stated or implied, toward a
subject while mood is the climate of feeling in a literary work. The
choice of setting, objects, details, images and words all contribute
towards creating a specific mood.

V. Symbolism – refers to a person, place or object which has meaning

but suggests other meanings as well.
VI. Theme – is the main idea or underlying meaning of a literary work. A
theme may be stated or implied.

Structure of Poetry

Stanza is a group of lines in a poem. It is often called a “verse”.

Rhyme is a pattern of words that contain similar sounds.
Meter is the rhythmic structure of a poem. Sometimes you can feel the
meter by tapping for each syllable.
Line Break is where a line of poetry ends. It causes the reader to pause and
will determine how the poem is read.

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 WHAT'S MORE

Task 4

Direction: Accomplish the table below by providing what are asked.

Attributes to compare Pre-colonial Literary Contemporary Literary

and contrast Form Form
Literary Genre

Literary Elements

Structure

Tradition

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Task 5

Directions: Write your reflection in your notebook by completing the

unfinished statements below.

I have learned that ________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

I have realized that _______________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

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I will apply _______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

WHAT I CAN DO

Task 6

Direction: In general, how do you compare literature during the pre-colonial

time and the contemporary period. Write your answer in an essay form.
You will be grade using the rubrics below.

Basis for scoring:

Strongly Evident Not Evident

Evident

Clarity of
Content

Organization

Correct
Conventions

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 ASSESSMENT

Task 7

Direction: Identify what is being described. Use your notebook to write your
answer.
_______________ 1. A literary type that is merely always written in stanzas

and lines creating a unique look on the page.

_______________ 2. Dramatically representing the character by speech,

action and gesture.

_______________ 3. It is where a line of poetry ends. It causes the reader to

pause and will determine how the poem is read.
_______________ 4. This refers to how the story is being told narrated.
_______________ 5. This refers to the author’s attitude, stated or implied,
toward a subject.
_______________ 6. is the main idea or underlying meaning of a literary
work. A theme may be stated or implied
_______________ 7. It is any kind of written text that is not poetry

_______________ 8. It is a pattern of words that contain similar sounds

_______________ 9. It refers to a person, place or object which has meaning
in itself but suggests other meanings as well
_______________ 10. It is a type of prose that includes many different sub-
genres. It can be creative such as personal essays
or factual, such as scientific paper
_______________ 11. It is the rhythmic structure of a poem. Sometimes you

can feel the.

_______________ 12. Is any text meant to be performed rather than read?

_______________ 13. It is the climate of feeling in a literary work

_______________ 14. It is a group of lines in a poem. It is often called a “

verse”

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_______________ 15. This type of genre was created to encompass the many

new and important kinds of texts in our society

today such as movies and films, websites,
commercials, billboards, and radio programs.

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 REFERENCES

Books

Agustin,Roy Tristan B.et.al. 21st Century Literature From the Philippines and the World. Quezon City:
Vibal Group, Inc., 2016.

Uychoco, Marikit Tara A. 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World. Quezon City:
Rex Bookstore, 2016.

Online Sources

www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&e1. n.d. tagaloglang.com/philippine-geography-song/

(accessed June 24, 2020).

Bethelmy, LC. www. frontiersin.org. March 13, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00509

(accessed June 23, 2020)

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net