Senior High School

Understanding
Culture, Society, and
Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 1
How is Society Organized?

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics - Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 1: How is Society Organized?
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the
exploitation of such work for a profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalty.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to
use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro

Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Authors/s: Honey May O. Colaljo, D.M.

Reviewer/s: Joel D. Potane, Ph.D. – LRMS Manager
Content Validator/s: Romeo B. Aclo, EPS – Araling Panlipunan and Cheryl C. Pontillas
Language Evaluator: Sylvio L. Carciller
Illustrator/s and Layout Artist/s: Paul Y. Badon and Ryan Z. Roa

Management Team
Chairperson: Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, Ph.D., CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairperson: Alicia E. Anghay, Ph.D., CESE

Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

Members:
Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC-CID Chief
Romeo B. Aclo, EPS-Araling Panlipunan
Joel D. Potane, LRMS Manager
Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II
Gemma Pajayon, PDO II
Printed in the Philippines by
Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City
Office Address:Fr. William F. Masterson Ave., Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro City
Telefax: (08822) 855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

2
 Senior High School

Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 1
How is Society Organized?

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and other
education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education at
cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

iii
 Table of Contents

COVER PAGE ............................................................................................................ i

COPYRIGHT PAGE................................................................................................... ii
TITLE PAGE ............................................................................................................. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ iv
WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT ............................................................................. v
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW ......................................................................................... v
HOW TO LEARN FROM THIS MODULE .................................................................. vi
ICONS OF THIS MODULE ...................................................................................... vii
WHAT I KNOW ....................................................................................................... viii
Lesson 1: Groups within Society ............................................................................1
What’s New: “Ikaw at Ako” ....................................................................1
What is It: Groups within Society .........................................................2
What’s More: “Parte Ka ng Buhay Ko” ..................................................3
My Top Model ................................................................4
What I Have Learned: You Complete Me ..............................................5
What I Can Do: Share It ........................................................................5
Summary ...................................................................................................................6
Assessment ...............................................................................................................7
Key to Answers ..........................................................................................................8
References ................................................................................................................9

iv
What This Module is About

This module deals with the different social groups around us. It contains the
concepts as well as varied activities that will help you understand more about the
ideas presented.

We, humans, are social beings. We interact with each other regularly; we
cooperate; we learn; we connect with the people around us. We need to be a part of
a community or an organization to thrive. As we go along life’s journey, we meet
people who will form part of the puzzle pieces of our lives.

Let the learning begin.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

 Trace kinship ties and social networks (UCSP11/12HSO-IIi-20)

v
How to Learn from this Module

The following are your guide for the proper use of this module:

To the Learner:
1. Follow all the instructions in every activity.
2. Answer the pre-test before going over the material to find out what you
already know.
3. Answer all the exercises at the end of every lesson.
4. Review the lesson that you find difficulty to understand. Be resourceful.
5. All answers should be written in the module unless otherwise specified, for
example: a sheet of paper or bond paper.
6. All output should be placed in a folder that will serve as your portfolio. The
output should be arranged in sequential order.
7. Seek assistance from your teacher and parents/guardian.
To the Teacher:
1. Communicate with parents and learners regularly for updates and feedback.
2. You have to make sure that all activities are complied with before accepting
them.
3. You may contextualize or localize your activity as long as it is still within the
boundary of the learning competency.

To the Parents/Guardian:
1. Closely monitor your child’s progress.
2. Do not answer the activities for your child. Just guide them in doing it.
3. Support your child. Talk to him/her about his/her journey with this module.

vi
 Icons of this Module
This part contains learning objectives that
What I Need to Know
are set for you to learn as you go along the
Learning Objectives
module.

This part of the module is an assessment

What I Know? as to your level of knowledge to the
Pre-Assessment subject matter at hand meant to gauge
prior understanding.

What’s In? This part connects the previous lesson

Review Activity with that of the current one.

An introduction to the new lesson through

What’s New?
various activities before it will be presented
Motivational Activity
to you.

These are discussions as a way to deepen

What Is It?
your discovery and understanding of the
Lesson Proper
concept.

These are follow-up activities intended for

What’s More?
you to practice further to master the
Performance Task
competencies.

What I Have Learned? These are activities designed to process

Generalization what you have learned from the lesson.

These are tasks designed to showcase

What I Can Do?
your skills and knowledge gained and
Application
applied to real-life concerns and situations.

This part evaluates your level of mastery in

Assessment
achieving the learning objectives of the
Post-Assessment
lesson.

vii
 What I Know

PRETEST

Test I. Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. This group can be defined as a group of individuals who often act with each
other on the premise of shared expectations regarding behavior and who
share a similar identity.
a. social aggregate c. social categories
b. social group d. society

2. This group can be large or small; common interests bind the members
together more than their relationship.
a. primary group c. tertiary group
b. secondary group d. reference group

3. This is a kind of group to which we compare ourselves.

a. social group c. secondary group
b. social aggregate d. reference group

4. A social group to which an individual feels he belongs.

a. secondary group c. in-group
b. out-group d. primary group

5. A social group that an individual does not identify with.

a. reference group c. primary group
b. network d. out-group

Test II. Identification: Identify the different social groups under Column A whether it
belongs to the primary group, secondary group, or reference group. Write your
answers under Column B.

No. Column A Column B

6. schoolmates
7. favorite basketball team
8. childhood playmates
9. celebrities
10. doctor-patient
11. family
12. research group
13. heroes
14. husband and wife
15. siblings

viii
 Lesson
Groups within Society
1 Learning Competency: Traces kinship ties and social networks
(UCSP11/12HSO-IIi-20)

What’s New

Activity 1: “IKAW AT AKO”

Think about your typical day as a learner; make a list of those people you
associate with from the time you wake up until you sleep. Use the table given below
for your answers.

Time of the Name of the person you His/her role in your daily activities
day associate with

1
 What Is It

'No Man is an Island'

No man is an island entire of itself;

every man is a piece of the continent,
a part of the main;

(Excerpts from Devotions upon Emergent

Occasions, a 1624 prose work by
English poet John Donne)

“No man is an island.” We are

part of a whole being. We cannot live
independently at all times. We cannot
always function ourselves alone. We
need other peoples’ help because of our
limitations. We are not self-sufficient; we
rely on each other. Everyone lives for Image: https://bit.ly/3eGiHni
one another.

Amid a great pandemic from the COVID-19, most everyone has been isolated
from others, told not to go to work or work from home or, to stay at home. We are far
from each other physically but not socially. Though we may not be able to see our
loved ones often because of this pandemic, we still communicate to them through
different technologies and of course, social media.

As humans, we tend to create connections; we tend to create groups from the

people around us. We are capable of establishing groups by way of our different
relationships with other people such as family, friends, neighbors, classmates,
workmates and, other individuals whom we share mutual identity and interests. Our
relationships with other people caused us to survive. We develop ourselves through
social interactions. The environment around us helps us grow to a better individual.
The person and society are inseparable. One cannot exist without the other. It is a
two-way relationship that binds both the person and the society for growth – with
this; social groups are formed.

A social group may be defined as a group of individuals who often act with
each other on the premise of shared expectations regarding behavior and who share
the same identity.

Categories of Groups

The primary group is typically a small social group whose members share
close, personal, intimate, and face to face association and cooperation and have
strong emotional ties. The members have a feeling of togetherness and

2
belongingness and sympathetic to one another. Examples include families,
friendship groups, play groups, peers, neighbors, etc.

Secondary groups can be small or large who do not interact much; mostly
impersonal; interactions among members are casual and usually short-term; typically
found at work and school. Examples include the group for a school project, members
of the committee, superior-subordinate, seller-buyer, etc.

Reference group. They serve as a model of standards; we use them as

patterns to guide behaviors and attitudes. Examples include peer groups, senior
schoolmates, actors, and actresses, etc.

The reference group may be classified as in-group or out-group.

In-group is a social group to which an individual identifies and which gives

him/her a sense of belongingness, solidarity, camaraderie, the feeling of
togetherness, and protective attitude toward the other members. The members
know each other intimately and loyal to each other. They share similar activities,
goals, and backgrounds. Examples are members of a church organization, sports
club.

Out-group is a social group that an individual does not identify with, viewed
as outsiders of the in-group. Any member of the in-group has a feeling of
strangeness, avoidance, antagonism, etc. towards the members of the out-group. An
example could be a sports team opponent.

Networks (link or connection) are sets of informal and formal social ties that
link people to each other. A social network is a sociological concept for a group of
interdependent individuals and the relationships between them. The social network is
formed by the presence of social linkage for some personal, economic, religious, or
political reasons. The social actors within a network might be people, families,
organizations, corporations, states, or a mixture of individuals and groups.

What’s More

Activity 2: “PARTE KA NG BUHAY KO”

1. Among the many social groups that you have had, past and present, choose
one you think that provided you the most memorable influence on your life.
2. Describe the group in column A, and then enumerate the impact it had on you
as a person in Column B.

3
 A B
The Group The impact of this group on me
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Activity 3: MY TOP MODEL

Identify one reference group that has influenced your attitude or behavior,
then explain why it influenced on you.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

Rubric for Activity 3

Criteria Rating
The answer relates entirely to the assigned topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The answer conveys a genuine personal view regarding the topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The work is original and does not contain plagiarized content. 5 4 3 2 1
Total points (15)

4
 What I Have Learned

Activity 4: YOU COMPLETE ME

After studying all the concepts and working on all the activities about the
different social groups, it’s now time to check your knowledge by completing the
phrase below. Use your own words to discuss your answer.

I learned that
1. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Rubric for Activity 4

Criteria Rating
The answer relates entirely to the assigned topic or issue. 5 4 3 2 1
The answer conveys a genuine personal view regarding the topic 5 4 3 2 1
The work is original and does not contain plagiarized content. 5 4 3 2 1
Total points (15)

What I Can Do
. Activity 5: SHARE IT

Read the statement below and share your experience.

We are caught unaware of the pandemic COVID-19. It has made an
enormous impact to all aspects of our being. In this time of uncertainty, we can
witness many faces of helping hands, especially social media. True compassion for
humanity is the essence of it all. How about you?

Together with the help of your family, friends, neighbors, your community,
perhaps what significant act of genuine compassion did you do to help? Please
share your experience.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

5
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

Rubric for the Activity

Criteria Rating
The answer relates entirely to the assigned topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The answer conveys a genuine personal view regarding the topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The work is original and does not contain plagiarized content. 5 4 3 2 1
Total points (15)

SUMMARY

 A social group may be defined as a group of individuals who often act with each
other on the premise of shared expectations regarding behavior and who share
the same identity.

 The primary group is typically a small social group whose members share close,
personal, intimate, and face to face association and cooperation and have strong
emotional ties.

 Secondary groups can be small or large who do not interact much; mostly
impersonal; interactions among members are casual and usually short-term;
typically found at work and school.

 Reference group. They serve as a model of standards; we use them as patterns

to guide behaviors and attitudes. The reference group may be classified as in-
group or out-group.

 In-group is a social group to which an individual identifies and which gives

him/her a sense of belongingness, solidarity, camaraderie, the feeling of
togetherness, and protective attitude toward the other members.

 Out-group is a social group that an individual does not identify with, viewed as
outsiders of the in-group.

 Networks (link or connection) are sets of informal and formal social ties that link
people to each other.

6
 ASSESSMENT

POSTTEST

Test I. Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. This group can be defined as a group of individuals who often act with each
other on the premise of shared expectations regarding behavior and who
share a similar identity.
a. social aggregate c. social categories
b. social group d. society

2. This group can be large or small; common interests bind the members
together more than their relationship.
a. primary group c. tertiary group
b. secondary group d. reference group

3. This is a kind of group to which we compare ourselves.

a. social group c. secondary group
b. social aggregate d. reference group

4. A social group to which an individual feels he belongs.

a. secondary group c. in-group
b. out-group d. primary group
.
5. A social group that an individual does not identify with.
a. reference group c. primary group
b. network d. out-group

Test II. Identification: Identify the different social groups under Column A whether it
belongs to the primary group, secondary group, or reference group. Write your
answers under Column B.

No. Column A Column B

6. Schoolmates
7. favorite basketball team
8. childhood playmates
9. celebrities
10. doctor-patient
11. Family
12. research group
13. heroes
14. husband and wife
15. siblings

7
 8
KEY TO ANSWERS
PRETEST
1. b 6. secondary group 11. primary group
2. b 7. reference group 12. secondary group
3. d 8. primary group 13. Reference group
4. c 9. reference group 14. primary group
5. b 10. secondary group 15. primary group
POSTTEST
1. b 6. secondary group 11. primary group
2. b 7. reference group 12. secondary group
3. d 8. primary group 13. Reference group
4. c 9. reference group 14. primary group
5. b 10. secondary group 15. primary group
 REFERENCE

Baleña, Ederlina D., Lucero, Dolores M., Peralta, Arnel M. Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics for Senior High School. Quezon City: Educational
Resources Corporation, 2016.

Contreras, Antonio P., Dela Cruz, Arleigh Ross D., Erasga, Dennis S., Fadrigon,
Cecile C. Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. Quezon City:
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2016.

SAGE Publications Inc. Accessed June 14, 2020.

https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/48648_ch_7.pdf

"Types of Social Groups | Boundless Sociology." Lumen Learning – Simple Book

Production. Accessed June 14, 2020.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-sociology/chapter/types-of-
social-groups/.

"6.1 Social Groups – Sociology." Open Textbooks · The University of Minnesota

Libraries. Last modified April 8, 2016.
https://open.lib.umn.edu/sociology/chapter/6-1-social-groups/
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City

Fr. William F. Masterson Ave., Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: (08822) 855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

10