21st Century Literature Learning Activity Sheet

Week 7

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Produce a creative representation of literary text by applying multimedia andICT skills.

What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer before each number.
1. A literary genre, is also known as literary .
A. composition
B.academic text
C. essay
D. epic

2. It is a short story designed to allegoricallly teach some religious

principles, moral lessons, or general truths.
A. fable
B. parable
C. anecdote
D. poem narrative

3. It is a brief story illustrating a moral or revealing general truths about

human nature.
A. parable
B. poem narrative
C. fable
D. anecdote

4. He is the writer of the parable entitled, “The Story of the Pencil”

and he is known as a well-acclaimed writer.
A. Paul Coelho
B. Paula Coole
C. Paulo Colle
D. Paulo Coeho

5. The story of “The Ants and a Grasshopper” is an example of a/an

A. parable
B. fable
C. poem narrative
D. anecdote

6. Parables and fables are very interesting to read, because you

will learn lessons from them.
A. topic
B. review
C. moral
D. immoral

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 7. It is a nondescript object that gives a powerful message in the parable.
A. pencil
B. paper
C. wooden stick
D. umbrella

8. It refers to any electronic application that uses both words and

pictures in a combination of text, voice, picture or video.
A. media
B. multimedia
C. printer and scanner
D. projector
9. The use of multimedia enhances the teaching of lessons and aims to
, most especially in the Online Distance Learning.
A. further confuse learners
B. further waste learners’ time
C. further entertain with computer gaming world
D. further educate learners

10. Videos, animation, text, images, and audio are all multimedia .
A. formats
B. components
C. uses
D. presentations

11. Blogs, vlogs, webinars and other interactive contents are multimedia _ .
A. components
B. uses
C. formats
D. presentations

12. The AVI (Audio Video Interleave) that is developed by Microsoft is

commonly used in video cameras and TV and it plays well on
Windows computers.
A. programs
B. software
C. hardware
D. viewing

13. “You can also download a multimedia presentation or play it

live.” It tells us about multimedia .
A. uses
B. formats
C. benefits
D. characteristics

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 14. “Digital storytelling allows students to improve their knowledge and
increases skills such as writing, researching and reading.” It tell us
about multimedia
.
A. benefits
B. formats
C. uses
D. characteristics

15. To make our multimedia presentation creative, we can import images,

audio, and video clips to unique output, but we have to ,
to avoid plagiarism.
A. leave the webpages
B. screenshot the images
C. ignore the links
D. cite source

LESSON 1. Literary Genre on Creative Multimedia Presentation

What’s New
Read a parable entitled, “The Story of the Pencil” which is an excerpt
from the novel written by Paulo Coelho, “Like the Flowing River”. It is a
thought-provoking story about a nondescript object that gives a
powerful message. Read the story aloud to yourself and find out how
the author creatively portrays the parable.
THE STORY OF THE PENCIL

by Paulo Coelho

The Grandchild was looking at his grandma writing for a letter.

Suddenly he asked: “Are you writing a story about us? Is it by
chance a story about me?”. The grandma stopped writing, smiled
and said to her grandchild:

“Indeed I am writing about you, however more important than

the words is the pencil I am using.

“I hope you will be like this pencil when you grow up”.

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 The child, looked at the pencil curiously, but could not see
anything special. “But . . . it is exactly the same as every other pencil
I saw in my life”.

“It is all in the way you look at things. There are five qualities in that
pencil that, if you will be able to maintain, will make you a man in
peace with the whole world.

First quality: you can make big things, but never forget that
there is a hand guiding your steps. This hand we call it God, and
he will always have to address you towards his will.

Second quality: sometimes I have to stop writing and use a

sharpener. This makes the pencil suffer a little, but at the end it will
be sharper. So, learn to bear a little pain because it will make you a
better man.

Third Quality: the pencil always allows us to use an eraser to

cancel mistakes. Understand that correct something we did is not
necessarily a bad thing, but something fundamental to keep us on
the right path.

Fourth quality: what is really important in the pencil is not the

wood or the shape, but the lead that is inside. So, be always careful of
what happens inside of yourself.

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 At the end, the fifth quality is: always leave a sign. In any case, be
aware that everything you do in your life will leave trails; try to be
conscious of every single action”

FABLE PARABLE

a short story designed

a brief story illustrating a
moral or revealing general to allegoricallly teach
truths about human nature some religious
principle, moral
l esson, or general
truths

often includes talking

includes real or literal
animals or animated occurrences to which
o bjects as the principal anyone can relate
characters

Example: The Ants Example: The Plant

and the Grasshopper Sower

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What Is It
A. Uses of Multimedia and its Format

There are many uses of multimedia for a deeper understanding

of a lesson. Audiobooks are ideal for second-language learners. Song
files and music videos can be used to compare social norms in
different eras. Multimedia can offer students a better understanding of
the lesson.

The multimedia formats from various media includes: text and

graphics for slideshows, presentations, diagrams and infographics.
Audio has podcasts and recordings. Screen captures, lecture captures
and animation are examples of video components of multimedia. Other
multimedia components include blogs, vlogs, webinars and other
interactive content.

Multimedia applications include the interaction of different

media types like animation, video, text and sound. It has become a part
of our lives as soon as we entered the digital age. Before the modern
technology, there are tools helping us appreciate some of the types of
multimedia such as videos on television. There are various
components of multimedia such as

1. Videos

https://www.thejigsaw.in/blog/how-to-make- youtube-videos

Digital video is a primary component in multimedia, especially

those that appear online and on television. The different formats of
these types of multimedia include wmv, avi, mped and flash. Some of
these formats are better than others because they load faster and can
be viewed or loaded using different platforms and operating systems.
Many videos have changed formats ever since the mobile phone
industry became more advanced in technology. Many of the video
formats require plug-ins on browsers and specific mobile applications
to load.

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 Here is a list of multimedia formats:
https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_media.asp

Forma File Descripti

t on
.mpg MPEG. Developed by the Moving Pictures Expert Group. The
MPEG .mpe first
g popular video format on the web. Not supported anymore in
HTML.
AVI (Audio Video Interleave). Developed by Microsoft.
AVI .avi Commonly used in video cameras and TV hardware. Plays well
on Windows computers, but not in web browsers.

WMA .wma WMA (Windows Media Audio). Developed by Microsoft. Plays well
on Windows computers, but not in web browsers.
flash swf Flash Video is a container file format used to deliver digital video
(small web file} content over the Internet using Adobe Flash Player version 6 and
newer.
MP3 files are actually the sound part of MPEG files. MP3 is the
MP3 .mp3 most popular format for music players. Combines good
compression (small files) with high quality. Supported by all
browsers.
MP4 .mp4 MP4 is a video format, but can also be used for audio. Supported
by all browsers.

2. Animation

https://www.hitechanimation.com/blog/top-5-
animated- character-who-changed-the-face-of-
animation-industry/

Animation is a form of art for most people, especially those that

are in the business of producing animated movies. Right now,
animation has become interactive, allowing users to directly affect the
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 outcome of animated components and events. Flash is the most
common platform for animation, and using this component, the
interactivity of animation is enhanced.

3. Text

http://todo.design/photoshop-tutorial-
how-to-make-a-portrait-made-only-of-

Text has always been and will always been the most common among the types of multimedia
components in different applications. Text in combination with other media components can make
any application more user-friendly. By using text, interactivity is increased. Text elements are
particularly important for accessibility purposes. Users of an application need to

Voiceovers comprise a tremendous number of the types of

multimedia components. Audio files include background music and
special effects. Any audio in an application is designed to improve a
user’s experience.

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 A. Characteristic of a Multimedia •
Multimedia can be used in the presentations, making them more fun and interesting
• A multimedia presentation has various viewing options such as projector or a media player
and the like.
• You can also download the multimedia presentation or play it live.
• The technology of multimedia can also be used to make the information be conveyed more
easily to the user.
• Multimedia technology has improved the learning experience by combining various forms
of media together. https://www.educba.com/best-free-multimedia-software/

B. Benefits of Using Multimedia

• Digital storytelling allows students to improve their knowledge

about a specific subject and increases skills such as writing, researching and
reading.
• Using multimedia improve a learner’s overall academic performance. In particular,
multimedia in the classroom is used for self-directed learning or SDL.
• Students manage their time and assess what needs to be included in their learning activities.
This style of learning is used mostly with older students who already know how to manipulate
many of the multimedia venues available to them.
https://classroom.synonym.com/types-multimedia-classroom-7941275.html

Enrichment Activities
Activity 1

Directions: Choose an emoji from the box below to describe the feeling that fits
each pencil description. Write your answer before each number.

1. A sharp-edge pencil in writing signifies smart and clever

guy.
2. A broken pencil suggests problem; heart-broken

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 3. A newly-sharpened pencil implies regaining
one’s strength thus being ready to face the
world again.

4. A bigger-shaped pencil implies gaining body weight

caused by stress; imbalanced diet.
5. A writing pencil is similar to you while you are
into doing your responsibility and duty to your
work and family.

proud determined contented

sad angry worried
and confident and happy

Performance Task 3

Directions: Choose a multimedia format to creatively present your experiences in life and
tell how you feel about it using the pencil pictures below.

Notes to the Teacher

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 If the learner has no computer and internet to work on with, the teacher will
ask the learner to create his/her output the other way. For example,
creating a story board, designing flash cards, and the like.

Creative adaptation of a certain literary genre is easy to deal with if

you have satisfying ICT skills that can help you enhance learning
outputs in studying literary genres, its elements, and essential literary
contexts about cultural diversities of 21 st Century Literature from
across the globe.

Read the short story entitled, “Rich People Problem” by Kevin Kwan.
Find out significant characters, places, events that may refer to the
elements of a story.

RICH PEOPLE PROBLEMS

an excerpt by Kevin Kwan
1 Bettina Ortiz y Meñ a was not accustomed to waiting. A
former Miss Venezuela and Miss Universe runner-up, of course,
the exceedingly bronzed strawberry blond was these days the
wife of Miami auto-parts tycoon, Herman Ortiz y Meñ a, and at
every restaurant she chose to grace with her presence, she was
always greeted with reverence and whisked to the exact table she
desired. Today she wanted the corner table on the terrace at Sip
Sip, her favorite lunch spot on Harbor Island.

She wanted to sit on one of the comfy orange canvas

director’s chairs and stare out at the gently lapping turquoise
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 waters while eating her Kale Caesar salad, but there was a
large noisy group taking up the entire terrace and they didn’t
seem in much hurry to leave.

2 Bettina fumed as she glared at the tourists happily

savoring their lunch in the sun. Look how tacky they were…the
woman overly tanned, wrinkled and saggy, none of them properly
lifted or botoxed.

She felt like walking up to their table and handing out her
dermatologist’s business cards. And the men were even worse. All
dressed in all rumpled shirts and shorts, wearing those cheap
straw hats sold at the trinket shot on Dunmore Street. Why did
such people have to come here?

She felt like walking up to their table and handing out her
dermatologist’s business cards. And the men were even worse. All
dressed in all rumpled shirts and shorts, wearing those cheap
straw hats sold at the trinket shot on Dunmore Street. Why did
such people have to come here?
3The three-and-a-half-mile-long paradise with its pristine
pink- Sandbeaches was one of the best-kept secrets in the
Caribbean, a haven for the very rich filled with quaint little
wood houses painted in shades of sherbet, charmin boutiques,
chic oceanfront mansions turned into inns, and five-star
restaurants to rival St. Barths. Tourists should have to take a
style exam before being allowed to set foot on the Island! Feeling
that she had been patient long enough, Bettina stormed into the
kitchen, the fringe on her crocheted Pucci caftan top shaking
furiously as she made a beeline for the woman with a shock of
pixie-cut blond hair manning the main stove.
4 “Julie, honey, what’s the dealio? I’ve waited more than fifteen minutes

for my table!” Bettina sighed to the owner of the restaurant.

“Sorry, Bettina, it’s been one of those days. The party of twelve
on the terrace showed up first just before you did,” Julie replied
as she handed off a bowl of spicy conch chili to waiting server.

“But the terrace is your prime spot! Why on earth did you let
those
tourists take up all that space?”

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 5 “Well, that tourist in the red fishing cap is the Duke of
Glencora. His party just boated over from Windermere – that’s his
Royal Huisman you see moored
off the coast. Isn’t it the most handsome sailboat you’ve ever seen?”
6 “I’m not impressed by big boats,” Bettina huffed,
although secretly She was rather impressed by people with big
title. From the kitchen window, she surveyed the party
assembled on the terrace with new eyes.

These aristo British types were such a strange breed.

Sure, they had their Savile Row suits and their heirloom tiaras,
but when they traveled, they looked so painfully frumpy.

7 It was only then that Bettina noticed three tan, well-built

men in fitted white T-shirts and black Kevlar pants sitting at the
adjacent table. The guys weren’t eating but sat watchfully,
sipping glasses of seltzer water. “I assume that’s the duke’s
security detail?
They couldn’t be more obvious! Don’t they know that we’re
all billionaires here on Briland, and this isn’t how we roll?”
Bettina tutted.
8“Actually, those bodyguards belong to the duke’s special
guest. They did a whole sweep of the restaurant before the
party arrived.
They even searched my walk-in freezer. See that Chinese
fellow seated at the end of the table?”

Bettina squinted through her Dior Extase sunglasses at the

portly, balding, seventy-something Asian man dressed in a
nondescript white short- sleeved golf shirt and gray trousers. “Oh, I
didn’t even notice him! Am I supposed to know who he is?”
That’s Alfred Shang, Julie said in a hushed tone.
9 Bettina giggled. “He looks like their chauffeur. Doesn’t he
look like that guy that use to drive Jane Wyman around in Falcon
Crest?”
Julie, who was trying to focus on searing a cut of tuna to
perfection, shook her head a tight-lipped smile. “From what I hear,
that chauffeur is the most powerful man in Asia.”

“What’s his name again?”

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 To check your comprehension, answer the following questions
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Who are the characters in the story?
2. Can you tell the significant places reflected in the story?
3. What is the theme of the story?

A. The Basic Elements of a Short Story

1. Character| The character element is the person or people in a

story. Sometimes the characters are not human, some may be
animals or spirits. Incidentally, even when non-human characters
are used, they tend to have human characteristics.
Characters are usually of two types:
the protagonist and the antagonist.

The protagonist is the main character. He or she is in

conflict with another character, who is known as the
antagonist.

An example of a protagonist and an antagonist are

Superman, the protagonist, and Lex Luthor, the
antagonist.

2. Setting| The first important element of a short story is the setting.

The setting refers to the time and place that the event(s) in the story
take place.

3. Plot| The plot refers to the flow of events in the story. Essentially,
the plot refers to what is happening in the story.

4. Conflict| The conflict or complication refers to the tension, the

fight or the struggle between the various characters or forces in
the story. This actually gives fuel to the story and influences its
flow (i.e. its plot). Without the conflict, then you have no story.
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 5. Climax The climax is the most exciting part of a story. It is
when the conflict is about to or is getting resolved.

6. Theme This element refers to the topic that the writer writes or
comments on in his or her writing. The theme is the motif or
comments.

B. Information and Communication or ICT

Information and communications technology (ICT) refers to all

the technology used to handle telecommunications, broadcast media,
intelligent building management systems, audiovisual processing and
transmission systems, and network-based control and monitoring
functions. ICT is often considered an extended synonym for
information technology (IT).

Information Technology (IT) is the use of computers to store,

retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data, or information. IT system is
generally an information system, a communications system or, more
specifically speaking, a computer system – including all hardware, software
and peripheral equipment – operated by a limited group of users.

C. ICT Skills
ICT skills are about understanding and applying a range of
computer programs, software and other applications. These include:
word processing, spreadsheets, databases, power points and search
engines
Enrichment Activities

Activity 1
Direction: Fill out the elements of a story entitled, “Rich People
Problem”. Generate slides presentation using Microsoft PowerPoint
or simply have the same graphic organizer in your WORD.doc file
format.

Notes to the Teacher

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 Refer to the discussion on the elements of the story. If the
learner has no way of accessing the computer, copy the same
layout manually and comply the assigned task

Rich People Problem by kevin Kwa

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 Characters

Setting

Plot

Conflict

Climax

Theme

21st Century Literature- Week 8

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 Most Essential Learning Competency
Do self- and/or peer assessment of the creative adaption of a literary text, based on a
rationalized criteria, prior to presentation.
(You may answer on this sheet)

What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen
letter before each number.

1. What is considered as the most significant element of a story for it presents the
series of events and characters’ actions in the story?
A. plot
B. setting
C. point of view
D. conflict

2. What is also referred to as a short-short story?

A. fable
B. novel
C. flash fiction
D. parable

3. Which of the following refers to the time and place the story takes place?
A. conflict
B. plot
C. climax
D. setting

4. What do you call a short story with less than 1000 words?
A. novel
B. proverbs
C. flash fiction
D. parables

5. What emotion is felt with the loss of a loved one?

A. gaiety
B. melancholy
C. elation
D. pique

6. What does the word melancholy mean?

A. reverence

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 B. stillness
C. shyness
D. sadness

7. What does the phrase ‘mask one’s sorrow’ mean?

A. Pretend to be sad.
B. Paint his sorrow.
C. Pretend to be happy.
D. Wear a mask.

8. What does etched in his heart mean?

A. to be written in his heart
B. to be seen in his heart
C. to be always remembered
D. to be always heard

9. What term is also used to refer to the plot structure?

A. narrative arc
B. narrative ark
C. plot arc
D. narrative structure

10. What plot structure component is also known as an inciting incident?

A. rising action
B. falling action
C. climax
D. exposition

11. What component of the plot structure is always written at the end of a story?
A. falling action
B. rising action
C. resolution
D. exposition

12. The words ‘dogs are man’s best friend’ is an example of a/an .
A. proverbs
B. adage
C. counsel
D. Bible verse

13. What plot structure component is considered as the most exciting part of a story?
A. exposition
B. climax
C. falling action
D. resolution

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14. What do you call the plot structure component when the excitement becomes less and less
as the conflict is resolved?
A. exposition
B. climax
C. falling action
D. resolution

15. What is also known as the plot complication?

A. exposition
B. climax
C. falling action
D. resolution

LESSON 1: Flash Fiction and Story Plot

What’s New

In this lesson, you will learn more about the narrative arc or the plot
structure of a story. You will be reading a flash fiction entitled “Jake” by Jim
Bartlett, who has written a number of stories from flash to novella which
are all featured in Fiction on different platforms such as The Web,
CriemSpree Magazine, Short-Storyme, Fairlight Books and other
publications. As a flash fiction story goes, the author tells a loving, gentle
story of love, loss and longing with an unexpected ending. Read and learn
more about the story and try to identify the components of a plot structure.

JAKE
by Jim Bartlett

Jake’s eyes snap open, and he quickly turns to the side. But like
his aching heart, the spot where Max always sat on the couch remains
empty. He takes in a long, deep breath – really more of a sigh – and
squeezes his eyes closed, hoping that by slipping into the darkness of a
nap, he will temporarily mask his sorrow.

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 For fifteen years they were
inseparable. Always side by side.
The walks on the beach with the
gentle waves calling, the seagulls
cawing. All those hikes on the
trail where the trees canopied
over like arches, wrapping them
in a soft cool shade on a hot
sunny day. Even just a ride to the
grocery store for something
Martha may have forgotten, they
always went together.

Though he knows that in some

ways he should be thankful for
just having their time together –
those moments forever
etched in his heart – and that the sickness took
Max quickly rather than dragging out the pain for weeks, maybe even
months, he still feels cheated.
That somehow he is missing years that could have been.
Unable to sleep, he looks around the all too empty room, letting his
gaze fall upon the leash, which still hangs from the peg by the door. It
seems to wait patiently, ever ready for that next big adventure. As his
eyes well up, he realizes for the first time how much his grief weighs,
how hard it is to even rise with such a heaviness inside.

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 It is then he hears a shuffle from
behind and turns to see Martha
standing in the doorway, her shoulder
resting against the frame.

“I thought you might be in here,” she

says. She looks down at him for only a
moment before her stare drifts to the
couch. “I miss him, too, Jake. More
than you’ll ever know.”
There’s a faraway melancholy tone to
her voice, but he knows that her
heart, like his, has a hole too big to fill.

His head drops and he gives off another long sigh, which seems to prompt her to
come over and kneel down onto the carpet beside him. She slides a hand under his chin and
lifts it up, then tucks back his long, floppy ears, such that their teary eyes can meet.

“I guess you do know, don’t you, Jake.”

Directions: Reflect on and answer the questions below. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What did you feel after reading the story? Expound your answer.

2. Based on the story, who is Jake and why is he in a state of loneliness?

3. What words were used to help you figure out Jake’s identity?

4. Who was Max and what happened to him?

5. Do you believe in the adage, ‘A dog is man’s best friend’? Elaborate

on your answer.

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 What Is it
FLASH FICTION

The story you read is an example of a flash fiction. A flash fiction, also
known as short-short story, typically contains less than 1000 words which
is most often used to describe short casual written works. Although a flash
fiction may be written in any genre, the most famous ones are in romance,
thriller, horror and sci-fi. Even with only a number of words, a flash fiction
also bears the essential elements of a short story. The paramount of all the
elements for this type of literature is the plot.
A flash fiction is similar to a short story is some ways. Both tell a
complete story with a beginning, middle and end with the elements of
storytelling in place. However, they, too, have differences.

Flash Fiction Vs. Short Story

Short Story Flash Fiction
is significantly shorter than a novelis a much shorter version of a short
story
consists of 1000-10, 000 composed of 100-1000 words in
words in length length
has a fleshed-out plot, well-rounded has a well thought out plot and
characters, and a developed great
setting and theme. characters, but they don’t
necessarily need to be fully
developed
has one or a few characters and shouldn’t be more than one plot
one or a few settings (limited in and one theme.
place and time, such as a day or a
couple of
weeks) and expresses a single
theme, or message.
generally is more flexible. There is is punchy and to the point, a story
more space to develop ideas, plot, of extreme brevity with the plot
character and theme; there is at pared down to the core of the story.
most, one plot and a small subplot Every detail, every character
or a plot and a half. gesture, every description counts;
each word has its place. Take one
word away and the meaning is lost.

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 Characteristics of Flash Fiction
When writing a flash fiction story, it is important to know how they are
similar and different to longer stories. Flash fiction is shorter, but it should
not feel too short. Here are some traits of strong flash fiction stories.
1. Story Structure: A flash fiction story is not the shortened version of a
longer story; it still follows the elements of plot, including a beginning,
middle and end, as well as a conflict and satisfying resolution.
2. Setting: Most flash fiction stories take place in one setting, as moving
between locations uses up too much space. It allows the writer and reader
to focus on the plot.
3. Characters and Backstory: Flash fiction pieces are plot-driven and
include no more than three or four characters. They may include some
character development, but too much backstory can use valuable space.
4. Description: One may think that flash fiction stories are short on description to
save space. However, a strong piece can balance vivid descriptions with a quick-
moving plot. Stories that lack description are not satisfying to read, and a flash
fiction piece should feel complete.

The PLOT
Every written story has a plot- the series of events and characters’
actions that includes a beginning, a middle and an end. Also, every written
story has a plot structure or a narrative arc. Although it is important for a
story to have all its essential elements, the plot is the major element of all
as it is what the story is all about. The plot is the actual story. Without it, a
writer has not penned anything.

Every written story has a plot- the series of events and characters’
actions that includes a beginning, a middle and an end. Also, every written
story has a plot structure or a narrative arc. Although it is important for a
story to have all its essential elements, the plot is the major element of all
as it is what the story is all about. The plot is the actual story. Without it, a
writer has not penned anything.

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 Two types of plot
A writer can create a story using one of the two types of plot- a
unified plot or an episodic plot. A unified plot has a story that is realistic
with a central character and action and the story happens in one place
during a short span of time- a day, several hours or even just for an hour.
An episodic plot, on the other hand, has a story that happens in a much
extended period of time. A writer who employs the episodic plot frequently
uses the technique of ‘flashback’ to lay out background details of the story.
But similar to the unified plot, an episodic plot also has a central character,
setting and action.
There are three other ways to write a plot. A plot may be written as a
movement in casualty, a movement in time and a movement in dramatic
tension.
PLOT – a movement in time

The plot is a movement in time when the story transpires on a particular

period of time such as an hour, a day, a week, a month or even a year.

PLOT - movement in casualty

The plot is a movement in casualty when the story is established on a series of casual
events that happen one after another. Here, the writer is to create a story based on the
principle of cause and effect that is, the first event sets off the second and the second event
sets off the third and so on. Hence, every new event has a casual relationship to the old
ones.

PLOT - a movement in dramatic tension

The plot is a movement in dramatic tension when the story has dialogue, action, details,
descriptions and scenes that amplify the tension and persuade the reader to turn the page
and continue reading. The techniques of foreshadowing, flashback and epiphany are
oftentimes employed in this type of plot.
The following are the components of a plot structure or parts of the narrative
The following are the components of a plot structure or parts of the narrative.
a. Exposition – This is the beginning of the story, also known as the inciting
incident. This is where the author introduces the characters, identifies where the
story is happening, and establishes the main conflict. This includes events, actions
or even decisions that build conflict, pressure or disturbance to the main
character.

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 b. Rising Action – This is also known as the plot complication where the
writer fully introduces the conflict or the obstacle that will prevent the main
character, the protagonist, to achieve his goal.

c. Climax – This part is considered as the most exciting part of a story. This
part has the most tension or most exciting event compared to all other events in the
story. Also, this is where important decisions are made or important things are
discovered.

d. Falling Action – This point occurs after the climax as the problems in the
story start to work themselves out. The excitement becomes less and less as the
conflict is resolved.

e. Resolution/End – This is the solution to the problem in a story. When a

writer brings resolution to end the story, he can end the story with either an open
or closed ending. When a writer uses a closed ending, the resolution is done by
answering all unanswered questions that were implied or explicitly stated. A
death is an example of a closed ending. When a writer uses an open ending, he
leaves the readers to think, wonder or speculate what happens after the story has
ended.

Activity 1: What’s More

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter before each
number.

1. What plot structure component is known as the inciting incident where the
author introduces the characters, identifies where the story is happening, and
establishes the main conflict?
A. exposition C. falling action
B. climax D. rising action
C.
2. What plot structure component is considered as the solution to the problem in a
story?
A. exposition C. falling action
B. climax D. resolution

3. What is the other term for plot structure?

A. plot arc C. narrative arc
B. narrative plot D. narrative structure

4. What writing technique is used for an episodic plot?

A. flashleft C. foreshadowing
B. flashback D. epiphany

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 5. What plot movement uses techniques such as flashback, foreshadowing and
epiphany?
A. time C. casualty
B. dramatic tension D. space

6. When the story transpires on a particular period of time such as an hour, a day,
a week, a month or even a year, it is a plot movement in
A. time C. casualty
B. dramatic tension D. Space

7. When the story has dialogue, action, details, descriptions and scenes that
amplify the tension, it is a plot movement in
A. time C. space
B. casualty D. dramatic tension

8. When the story is established on a series of casual events that happen one after
another, it is a plot movement in
A. time C. space
B. casualty D. dramatic tension

9. What type of plot has a story that is realistic with a central character and action
and the story happens in one place during a short span of time?
A. casual C. periodic
B. unified D. episodic
10. What type of plot has a story that happens in a much extended period of time?
A. methodic C. periodic
B. unified D. episodic

Additional Activity
Directions: Answer these questions with five to ten complete sentences.
If you had a pet dog, what type of treatment would you give it?

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Do you believe that animals have human-like feelings and emotions? Expound
your answer.

What I have Learned- Performance Task 4

Directions: Fill out the story grammar below. Base your answer from the story
that you have just read, “Jake”. You may use another sheet of paper in
answering.

Title: ________________________________________________
Character/s: ___________________________________________
Setting: ___________________________________________
Plot:

Exposition

Rising Action

Climax

Falling
Action

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 ANSWER KEY: Week 7 Week 8

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