MPR Operator Handbook: Maritime Patrol Radar System Manual

MARITIME PATROL RADAR
SYSTEM (MPR)
OPERATOR HANDBOOK
RESTRICTION ON USE, DUPLICATION, OR

DISCLOSURE OF PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
This document contains proprietary information which is the
sole property of Elta Electronics Industries Ltd. The document
is submitted to the recipient for his use only. By receiving this
document, the recipient undertakes not to duplicate the
document or to disclose in part of, or the whole of, any of the
information contained herein to any third party without
receiving before hand, written permission from the submitting
company.
APRIL 2002 PUB 10736

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Front Matter
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10736 i
Front Matter
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES
The following notations are used when it becomes necessary to place special emphasis
on procedures, or call the operator’s attention to precautionary measures.
An operating procedure, practice and so forth,

which, if not followed correctly, could result in
personal injury or loss of life.
An operating procedure, practice and so forth,

which, if not followed correctly, could result in
damage to, or destruction of equipment.
“CAUTION contains parts and assemblies susceptible to damage by

electrostatic discharge (ESD)”
NOTE
An operating procedure, condition and so
forth, to which special attention should be
paid.
ii 10736
Front Matter
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Para. Title Page
CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL DESCRIPTION
1.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 MPR GENERAL DESCRIPTION .................................................................. 1-1

1.2.1 MAJOR SYSTEM COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION...................................... 1-3
1.3 MPR MODES OVERVIEW ........................................................................... 1-5

1.3.1 MPR MODES OPERATION.......................................................................... 1-5
1.4 MPR SPECIFICATION.................................................................................. 1-7

1.4.1 DETECTION CONDITIONS.......................................................................... 1-7
1.4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS.............................................................. 1-11
1.5 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ........................................................................... 1-12
CHAPTER 2 - FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
2.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 MPR FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION............................................................. 2-1

2.2.1 ANTENNA UNIT............................................................................................ 2-3
2.2.2 ANTENNA ELECTRONIC ENCLOSURE UNIT ............................................ 2-5
2.2.3 TRANSMITTER (TX) UNIT ........................................................................... 2-6
2.2.4 RADAR PROCESSOR (RP) ......................................................................... 2-8
2.2.5 RADAR DISPLAY AND CONTROL UNIT (RDCU) ..................................... 2-11
2.2.6 COCKPIT DISPLAY UNIT (CDU)................................................................ 2-12
2.3 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION ..................................................................... 2-13
2.3.1 TRANSMISSION PATH .............................................................................. 2-13
2.3.2 RECEPTION PATH..................................................................................... 2-15
2.4 ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY ................................................................ 2-17
2.4.1 AC POWER - 115V, 400HZ-3φ ................................................................... 2-17
2.4.2 DC POWER - 28V DC ................................................................................ 2-17
10736 iii
Front Matter
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)
Para. Title Page
2.5 COOLING.................................................................................................... 2-17

2.5.1 SUPPLY OF COOLING AIR........................................................................ 2-17
2.6 RADAR DISPLAY AND CONTROL UNIT (RDCU) ..................................... 2-18
2.6.1 RDCU FUNCTIONS .................................................................................... 2-18
2.6.2 14” COLOR MONITOR ............................................................................... 2-18
2.6.3 KEYBOARD ................................................................................................ 2-19
2.7 MPR OPERATING STATES AND OPERATIONAL MODES ...................... 2-23
2.8 MPR OPERATIONAL MODES.................................................................... 2-25
2.8.1 SURFACE SURVEILLANCE (SS) MODES................................................. 2-25
2.8.2 MOVING TARGET INDICATOR MODE (MTI) ............................................ 2-29
2.8.3 WEATHER (WX) MODE ............................................................................. 2-30
2.8.4 RANGE SIGNATURE (RS) MODE ............................................................. 2-32
2.8.5 AIR-TO-AIR (A/A) MODE ............................................................................ 2-34
2.8.6 DBS-ZOOM MODE ..................................................................................... 2-35
2.8.7 BEACON (BCN) MODE .............................................................................. 2-37
2.8.8 SAR MODE ................................................................................................. 2-37
2.8.9 INVERSE SAR (ISAR) MODE..................................................................... 2-38
2.9 MPR MAN MACHINE INTERFACE (MMI) .................................................. 2-41
2.9.1 DISPLAY STRUCTURE .............................................................................. 2-42
2.9.2 TACTICAL AREA STRUCTURE ................................................................. 2-43
2.9.3 SOFTKEYS AREA STRUCTURE ............................................................... 2-47
CHAPTER 3 - PINCIPLES OF OPERATION

3.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 INITIALIZATION PROCESS ......................................................................... 3-1
3.3 SHUT-DOWN PROCESS ............................................................................. 3-2
3.4 MPR STATE TRANSITION........................................................................... 3-3
iv 10736
Front Matter
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)
Para. Title Page
3.5 USING TRACKBALL AND KEYBOARD ....................................................... 3-4

3.5.1 DISPLAY AREA ACTIVATION...................................................................... 3-4
3.5.2 ”HOOKING A SOFTKEY”.............................................................................. 3-6
3.5.3 USING THE KEYBOARD.............................................................................. 3-7
3.6 MODE & STATE AREA................................................................................. 3-8
3.6.1 RADAR STATE CONTROL .......................................................................... 3-8
3.6.2 RADAR MODE CONTROL ......................................................................... 3-10
3.6.3 RADAR RANGE CONTROL ....................................................................... 3-13
3.6.4 RADAR ZOOM CONTROL ......................................................................... 3-15
3.7 ANTENNA CONTROL AREA CONTROLS................................................. 3-18
3.7.1 ANTENNA MODES CONTROL .................................................................. 3-18
3.7.2 THRESHOLDS AREA CONTROLS ............................................................ 3-24
3.7.3 CLASSIFICATION AREA CONTROLS ....................................................... 3-27
3.7.4 F-SWITCHES AREA................................................................................... 3-35
3.8 DISPLAY AREAS ACTIVATION ................................................................. 3-53
3.8.1 TRACK/FRM LIST AREA............................................................................ 3-53
3.9 MAINTENANCE BIT (MBIT) ACTIVATION................................................. 3-55
3.9.1 RDR-TEST .................................................................................................. 3-56
3.9.2 INTERFACE TESTS ................................................................................... 3-58
3.9.3 S/W VERSION ............................................................................................ 3-60
3.9.4 MFL............................................................................................................. 3-60
3.9.5 TROUBLESHOOTING RECOMMENDATION ............................................ 3-71
3.9.6 MISALIGN................................................................................................... 3-71
10736 v
Front Matter
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Title Page
1-1 MPR System General View........................................................................... 1-2

1-2 MPR Major Components ............................................................................... 1-4
2-1 MPR Functional Block Diagram .................................................................... 2-2
2-2 Antenna Unit Block Diagram ......................................................................... 2-4
2-3 AEE Block Diagram....................................................................................... 2-5
2-4 Transmitter Block Diagram............................................................................ 2-6
2-5 Radar Processor Block Diagram ................................................................... 2-9
2-6 RDCU and CDU Block Diagram .................................................................. 2-11
2-7 Transmission Path ...................................................................................... 2-14
2-8 Reception Path............................................................................................ 2-16
2-9 Color Monitor - Controls and Indicators....................................................... 2-19
2-10a Keyboard - Controls and Indicators............................................................. 2-20
2-10b Keyboard and Trackball in Coastguard System .......................................... 2-20
2-11 Trackball - Controls and Indicators.............................................................. 2-21
2-12 ROP - Controls and Indicators .................................................................... 2-22
2-13 SS Mode ..................................................................................................... 2-26
2-14 LRS Mode ................................................................................................... 2-28
2-15 WX Mode .................................................................................................... 2-31
2-16 RS Mode ..................................................................................................... 2-33
2-17 DBS-ZOOM Mode ....................................................................................... 2-36
2-18 SAR Mode................................................................................................... 2-38
2-19 Inverse SAR (ISAR) Mode .......................................................................... 2-40
2-20 Display Structure ......................................................................................... 2-42
2-21 Tactical Area Structure................................................................................ 2-46
2-22 Softkeys Area Structure .............................................................................. 2-48
3-1 Display Area Activation ................................................................................. 3-5
3-2 Hooking a Softkey ......................................................................................... 3-6
3-3 Activation of Using & Keyboard..................................................................... 3-7
vi 10736
Front Matter
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Cont.)
Figure Title Page
3-4 Radar State Controls..................................................................................... 3-8

3-5 Radar Mode Control.................................................................................... 3-10
3-6 MPR Mode Selection .................................................................................. 3-11
3-7 Radar Range Control .................................................................................. 3-13
3-8 Changing the Range Scale ......................................................................... 3-14
3-9 Radar Zoom Control.................................................................................... 3-15
3-10 Zoom Control Tactical Area Display............................................................ 3-17
3-11 Antenna Modes Control .............................................................................. 3-18
3-12 Define a Scan Sector .................................................................................. 3-22
3-13 Changing the Antenna Elevation................................................................. 3-23
3-14 Threshold Area Controls ............................................................................. 3-24
3-15 Classification Area Controls ........................................................................ 3-27
3-16 RS and ISAR Classification......................................................................... 3-28
3-17 ISAR Classification...................................................................................... 3-29
3-18 RS Classification ......................................................................................... 3-30
3-19 Measurement Range................................................................................... 3-34
3-20 F-Switches Area.......................................................................................... 3-36
3-21 Freezing the Display ................................................................................... 3-39
3-22 Tracking One Target ................................................................................... 3-42
3-23 Tracking Group of Targets .......................................................................... 3-42
3-24 Delete a Target ........................................................................................... 3-44
3-25 COMB Test Display..................................................................................... 3-58
10736 vii
Front Matter
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
1-1 MPR Components Description ...................................................................... 1-3

2-1 Trackball - Controls and Indicators.............................................................. 2-21
2-2 ROP - Controls and Indicators .................................................................... 2-22
2-3 Alphanumeric Data...................................................................................... 2-43
2-4 F-Switches .................................................................................................. 2-53
3-1 State and Transitions .................................................................................... 3-3
3-2 Radar State Controls..................................................................................... 3-8
3-3 Radar Mode Controls .................................................................................. 3-12
3-4 Range Options ............................................................................................ 3-14
3-5 Radar Zoom Controls.................................................................................. 3-16
3-6 Antenna Mode Controls .............................................................................. 3-18
3-7 Thresholds Area Controls ........................................................................... 3-25
3-8 Classification Area Controls ........................................................................ 3-27
3-9 F-Switches .................................................................................................. 3-36
viii 10736
Front Matter
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL
This manual provides theory of operation for the Maritime Patrol Radar (MPR) as well as
MPR functional description and operation instructions.
PURPOSE AND USE

This manual provides information required for MPR operation. The manual is written for
users who are familiar with aircraft and avionics system operation. Therefore, no
instructions concerning aircraft operations are given in this manual.
HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL

Find the required section according to the table of contents. Then continue searching
the sub-sections not included in the table of contents.
A table of contents provides the chapter, paragraph number title, and page number for
each major paragraph in the manual.
A list of illustrations provides the figure number, title, and page number for each
illustration.
A list of tables provides a table of number, title, and page number for each table.
ARRANGEMENT OF THIS MANUAL

This manual consists of the following Chapters:
CHAPTER 1 – GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Provides physical overview of the MPR and a brief description of the MPR functions and
technical specifications.
CHAPTER 2 - FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

Provides a general functional description of the MPR and MPR software Man-Machine
Interface (MMI).
CHAPTER 3 - MPR PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

Provides the MPR principles of operation, which contains description of Modes and
States following by modes, selection and activation principles.
10736 ix
Front Matter
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
A/A - Air-to-Air MO - Master Oscillator
A/C - Aircraft MPR - Maritime Patrol Radar
A/S - Air-to-Sea MTI - Moving Target Indication
AEE - Antenna Electronic Enclosure NAW - Navigation and Weather
BIT - Built-In Test OEM - Original Equipment
BCN - Beacon Manufacturer
CD - Compact Disc OFP - Operating Flight Program
CDU - Cockpit Display Unit PAA - Planer Array Assembly
DAU - Drive Amplifier Unit Para. - Paragraph
DBS - Doppler Beam Sharpening PE - Processing Element
DUA - Drive Unit Assembly P/N - Part Number
ESD - Electrostatic Discharge PC - Personal Computer
FER - Front-End Receiver PRF - Pulse Repetition Frequency
FIO - Fast I/O RDC - Radar Data Computer
GPIO - General Purpose I/O RDP - Radar Data Processor
HVB - High Voltage Block RDCU- Radar Display and Control
HVT - High Voltage Tank Unit
I/O - Input / Output RFU - RF Unit
INS - Inertial Navigation System ROP - Radar Operation Panel
ISAR - Inverse Synthetic Aperture RP - Radar Processor
Radar RWS - Range While Search
IPL - Illustrated Parts List RSP - Radar Signal Processor
LO - Local Oscillator SAR - Synthetic Aperture Radar
LPRF - Low Power RF S/W - Software
LRU - Line Replaceable Unit SRU - Shop Replaceable Unit
LRS - Long-Range Surface SS - Surface Surveillance
Surveillance TX - Transmitter
LVCU - Low Voltage and Control TWT - Travelling Wave Tube
Unit TWS - Track While Scan
MBI - Mux-Bus Interface VSG - Video Symbol Generator
MMI - Man-Machine Interface WOW - Weight On Wheel
x 10736
Operator Handbook General Description
1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
1.1 GENERAL
This chapter provides a physical overview of the Maritime Patrol Radar (MPR),
a brief description of the MPR functions and technical specifications.
1.2 MPR GENERAL DESCRIPTION

(See Figure 1-1)
Maritime Patrol Radar (MPR) supports aircraft Air-to-Sea missions and

Air-to-Air missions. It is specially designed to fulfill the operational needs of
small targets detection at long range and high sea states. The radar searches,
detects and tracks sea and air targets that are within its field of view.
The radar provides surface image in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and
Doppler Beam Sharpening (DBS) modes and Inverse SAR (ISAR) and Range
Signature (RS) classification modes. The radar interfaces with the Inertial
Navigation System (INS) to receive navigation data. The radar provides the
required mechanism to control the radar modes and parameters using soft
Switches, trackball and keyboard on the Radar Control and Display Unit
(RDCU). Additional Cockpit Display Unit (CDU), provides display of the radar
picture to the pilot.
10736 1-1
General Description Operator Handbook
Figure 1-1. MPR System General View
1-2 10736
1.2.1 MAJOR SYSTEM COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

(See Figure 1-2)
Table 1-1 describes the MPR components:
Table 1-1. MPR Components Description
Component Location Description

Antenna Aircraft belly Transmits the radar waveform generated
by the TX and receives the radar returning
signals for further processing by the RP.
Antenna MPR rack Consists of two Sub-Units (DAU, FER) on
Electronic a common cooling plate. The DAU
Enclosure (AEE) supplies power to the elevation and
azimuth drive motors and to the FER.
The FER converts the X-band into L-band
(1680 MHz).
Transmitter (TX) MPR rack Amplifies RF pulses from the RP and
transfer them to the Antenna.
Radar MPR rack The RP contains three sub-units:
Processor (RP) • LPRF - Generates excitation signals for
transmission receives the RF signals
from the antenna and transfers them to
digital samples.
• RSP - Performs fast signal processing
of the digital samples.
• RDC - Controls all the units and
processes in the radar. It performs data
processing and provides data interface
between the radar and the INS.
The RDC performs a predetermined
part of the Operating Flight Program
(OFP).
Radar Display Aircraft cabin Provides radar states and mode operation;
and Control Unit i.e all the display and control interfaces
(RDCU) with the radar operator are through the
RDCU.
Cockpit Display Cockpit Installed in the cockpit. It displays the radar
Unit (CDU) picture to the pilot.
DC/AC Inverter RDCU Converts 28V DC A/C batteries voltages
into 115V AC/400Hz 3φ for MPR units.
10736 1-3
ANTENNA RP
TX
AEE
RDCU
CDU
DC/AC
INVERTER
Figure 1-2. MPR Major Components
1-4 10736
1.3 MPR MODES OVERVIEW
1.3.1 MPR MODES OPERATION
The MPR detection logic is divided into Air to Air (A/A) and Air to Sea (A/S)
operational modes, each optimized for specific target type detection.
1.3.1.1 Air To Air (A/A) Mode
Provides the capability to detect and track targets within the radar field of view.
The radar utilizes its coherent pulse Doppler capabilities by implementing two
medium PRF optimized A/A modes.
The following operation modes are available:
a. Range While Search (RWS) - Used for search and detection of targets in
medium and long range.
b. Track While Scan (TWS) - The radar scans some search volume, in a
similar way to the scan in normal search, and performs search, detection,
and tracking of several targets at the same time. It provides the capability
to truck multiple targets while detecting and displaying other targets.
1.3.1.2 Air to Sea (A/S) Mode
Provides sea targets detection in all weather navigation, Air Ground Ranging,
Ground Mapping and surface moving targets indication.
The following operation modes are available:
a. Surface Surveillance (SS) Mode - The main mode for small and large
targets detection at short and long range.
b. Moving Targets Indication (MTI) Mode - Optimized for moving targets
detection.
c. Weather (WX) Mode - Performs long range search with raw video display
of weather and ground returns.
10736 1-5
d. Beacon (BCN) Mode - Enables interrogation of search and rescue (SAR)

transponders in X band.
e. DBS Mode - Allows detecting small airborne targets using coherent pulse
Doppler medium PRF waveform.
f. SAR - Utilized for improved target resolution and discrimination.
g. ISAR - Used for target classification in high sea states.
1-6 10736
1.4 MPR SPECIFICATION
NOTE
The performance as specified in this
paragraph will be met by the radar installed in
the aircraft under the following flight
conditions:
- Roll angle: ±30°

- Pitch angle: ±10°
1.4.1 DETECTION CONDITIONS
The radar detects surface targets from a minimum range of 2.5NM.
1.4.1.1 Surface Surveillance (SS) Mode Definition Range
The SS mode detects surface targets at sea state at the following ranges:
Detection Range (NM) Flight Altitude (ft) Target RCS (m2)

Rain Clear Air
(4mm/HR)
18.5 19 500 1
35 36 1500 10
55 58 3000 100
95 100 5000 1000
10736 1-7
1.4.1.2 MTI Mode Detection Range
The MTI mode detects surface targets at sea state at the following ranges:
Detection Range (NM) Flight Altitude (ft) Target RCS (m2)

Rain Clear Air
(4mm/HR)
18.5 19 500 1
29 30 1500 10
35 36 3000 100
69 70 5000 1000
(Mode limiting ranges where the minimal detectable target radial velocity is
10kt).
1.4.1.3 WX Mode Performance
The WX mode detects land mass returns out to the radar horizon.
The azimuth resolution is about 5 deg. The range resolution varies in
accordance with range scale and equals about three compressed pulse widths
as follows:
• 90m in 10 Nm.
• 180m in 20 Nm.
• 270m in 40 Nm.
• 540m in 80 Nm.
• 540m in 160 Nm.
The raw video in WX mode is colored as a function of rain intensities. Coloring

is as follows:
• Rain intensity up to 1mm/Hr - no color.
• Rain intensity from 1 to 4 mm/Hr - green
• Rain intensity from 4 to 12 mm/Hr - Yellow
• Rain intensity above 12 mm/Hr - Red
1-8 10736
1.4.1.4 Beacon Mode Performance
The interrogation and detection capability of surface beacons is up to a range

of 40NM.
1.4.1.5 Air-to Air Mode General Performance
The radar rejects moving surface targets of a ground radial velocity of up to

+55 knots, as selected by the operator.
The detection ranges are as follows:
Detection Range Target Altitude (m) Target RCS (M2)

(NM)
10.5 10 0.1
23 10 to 5000 2
These performances are met under the following conditions:

a. Cumulative Probability of detection (PC) -90%
b. False alarm rate - 1 per minute.
c. Aspect conditions - head on.
d. Target velocity - 1 mach
e. Antenna Scan: 22.5 DEG/SEC
f. MPA/MPH velocity: 100 knot
g. Scan sector: 60 deg.
h. Clutter: Sea state 3.
1.4.1.5.1 Tracking (TWS) Performance
Maximum number of targets per 60°-360° sector in azimuth is 10 in A/A mode

and targets in A/S mode.
10736 1-9
1.4.1.6 DBS-ZOOM Mode Performance
The DBS-ZOOM mode enables B-scope imaging, area mapping and target
discrimination/detection over land/over sea (used mainly in coastal areas), with
3 milliradian resolution, where the aircraft platform ground velocity is 120 knots
or more.
1.4.1.7 Range Signature (RS) Performance
The operator may select 1.5 meter or 3 meter range gate size for the RS mode
(target size and range dependent). Target bearing is within ±45° of the radial
direction.
1.4.1.8 SAR Mode Performance
The SAR mode permits B-scope (Range and Azimuth) imaging, area mapping,
and target discrimination in coastal areas. Optimum discrimination is achieved
for obeam target where the aircraft ground speed is at least 180 knots.
Two map sizes can be selected:
• 1x1 Km out to 30nm
• 2x2 Km out to 60nm.
Minimum range is 6 NM and maximum range is 80 NM.
1.4.1.9 ISAR Mode Performance
The target can be anywhere in azimuth but the target bearing should be within
±45° of the radial direction.
2
Up to 60NM for a target of RCS 150m or greater are enabled at crosswind
sea states above Douglas 2.
1-10 10736
Nominal classification times will be 1 or 2 seconds per image, with typical time
to generate the required set of images about 20 seconds. Aircraft ground
speed and target bearing have no impact on ISAR performance.
Minimum range is 5 NM and maximum range is 80 NM.
1.4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
1.4.2.1 Temperature Conditions
• In storage: -40°C - +71°C

• In operation: -20°C- +71°C
The cooling AIR of the radar is the cabin AIR.

The radar must not be operated if the cabin
AIR temperature is above 40°C.
1.4.2.2 Altitude
The equipment is withstand altitude up to 15,000 ft in non pressurized areas
10736 1-11
1.5 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
During radar Operation RF radiation energy is

transmitted through the antenna.
Personnel must stay clear of radiation danger

area as shown in the following diagram. Failure
to comply may cause injury to personnel.
30m
1-12 10736
Operator Handbook Functional Description
2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
2.1 GENERAL
This chapter provides a functional description of the Maritime Patrol Radar

(MPR) and its units following software Man-Machine Interface (MMI).
2.2 MPR FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

(See Figure 2-1)
The radar waveform is generated, in accordance with the operator selected

mode and range scale selection, by the Radar Processor (RP), the RF signal
generated in the RP is amplified in the transmitter and transmitted through the
antenna. Radar returns are received through the antenna, amplified and down
converted in the Front End Receiver (FER) and processed in the RP. Raw and
synthetic (extracted target) video for the displays is generated in the RP and
presented to the operator and pilot in the Radar Display and Control Unit
(RDCU) and Cockpit Display Unit (CDU) respectively.
All the display and control interfaces with the radar operator are through the
RDCU.
The system electrical power consist of, 115V/400Hz-3φ which is supplied
separately to the RP, TX Antenna Electronic Enclosure (AEE) and fans by the
inverter. The inverter converts the 28V DC supplied from the A/C to
115V/400Hz-3φ.
28V DC is also supplied directly to the RP, TX and the RDCU from the A/C
butteries.
10736 2-1
Functional Description Operator Handbook
ANTENNA SYSTEM (ANT) TRANSMITTER (TX)

ELECTRONIC ENCLOSURE
PAA CIRC RF IN PULSE
RF WG WG RF OUT DRIVE
SW.
TWT
REC RF UNIT
WG
DUA FER 115V, 400HZ,
(DOWN CONV) HVB LVCU 3φ
CONTROL
CONTROL DAU
(SERVO CONTROL)
RADAR PROCESSOR (RP)
BEACON
EXCITER
RECEIVER
115V, 400HZ, COAX (LO)
L-BAND
3φ
LPRF
CDU
RSP TIMING &
WAVEFORM
CONTROL
RDCU
CONTROL
TX CONTROL
OPERATOR RDC &
DISPLAY RADAR VIDEO INTERFACE
KEYBOARD & RP POWER
TRACKBALL CONTROL SUPPLY
RADAR OPERATION
PANEL (ROP)
TO/FROM
INS DC/AC
28V DC
INVERTER
115V, 400HZ,
3φ
Figure 2-1. MPR Functional Block Diagram
2-2 10736
2.2.1 ANTENNA UNIT

(See Figure 2-2)
The Antenna Unit which includes PAA and beacon antenna is installed within
the radome. The Antenna transmits the RF energy, generated by the TX,
directionally, via the PAA. radar returns are received through the PAA,
amplified and down converted by the Front End Receiver (FER) and
transferred to the RP for processing.
The Antenna direction control is obtained by an electrically driven servo

system.
The angular position command signals on the azimuth and elevation axes are
computed in the Radar Processor (RP) and supplied to the antenna motors by
the Drive Amplifier Unit (DAU).
The beacon antenna operated in BCN mode only and interfaces to the RF
sigma channel.
10736 2-3
PAA
RF WG FROM TWT
SW. TO FER
DAU
CONTROL
FROM DAU
BEACON
Figure 2-2. Antenna Unit Block Diagram
2.2.1.1 Planar Array Assembly (PAA)
This is the antenna radiating element, which consists of a rectangular planar

array. The array is constructed from a flat plate radiating slot array and RF
feed network.
2.2.1.2 Beacon Antenna
The beacon antenna is based on radiating element type PAA. This antenna is
used in BCN mode only and switched by RF switch upon BCN request.
The antenna output interfaces the RF sigma channel routed to the FER.
2.2.1.3 Drive Unit (DUA)
The DUA enables the radar to continuously rotate the antenna in the azimuth
plane, while changing the elevation angle as commanded, in order to keep the
required tilt relative to horizon.
2-4 10736
2.2.2 ANTENNA ELECTRONIC ENCLOSURE UNIT

(See Figure 2-3)
The Antenna Electronic Enclosure (AEE) consists of two Sub-Units – Drive

Amplifier Unit (DAU) and FER, mounted on a common cooling plate.
ELECTRONIC ENCLOSURE
CIRC
TO/FROM WG WG RF OUT FROM TWT
ANTENNA (RF UNIT)
REC
WG
FER COAX L-BAND TO LPRF
(DOWN CONV)
TO/FROM CONTROL DAU CONTROL TO RDC

ANTENNA (SERVO CONTROL)
115V, 400HZ-3 φ
Figure 2-3. AEE Block Diagram
2.2.2.1 Drive Amplifier Unit (DAU)
The DAU includes power amplifiers, which drive the azimuth and elevation
motors of the DUA according to the RP unit controls. The DAU includes power
supply for the antenna circuits.
This command is proportional to the motor current required to drive the motors
to a determined acceleration.
10736 2-5
2.2.2.2 Front End Receiver (FER)
The FER contains the front-end stage of the reception channel. The front end
protects the radar during transmission, performs gain control functions,
amplifies the signal using a low noise amplifier and performs down conversion
of the received signal from X band to IF-1. This enables transferring of the RF
signal to the RP via coaxial cables, instead of waveguides.
2.2.3 TRANSMITTER (TX) UNIT

(See Figure 2-4)
The transmitter amplifies RF pulses from the RP and transfer them to the
antenna. The TX unit consists of the following sub units:
a. Low Voltage and Control Unit (LVCU)
b. High Voltage Block (HVB)
c. RF Unit (RFU)
The transmitter receives RF and timing signals from the RP to enable

transmission according to the various radar modes.
TRANSMITTER (TX)
RF IN PULSE
RF OUT DRIVE
TO ANTENNA TWT FROM LPRF
RF UNIT
HVB LVCU
115V, 400HZ-3 φ
TX CONTROL
FROM RP
Figure 2-4. Transmitter Block Diagram
2-6 10736
2.2.3.1 Low Voltage and control Unit (LVCU)
The LVCU is fed by the aircraft power source (115VRMS, 400Hz-3φ) and
supplies the regulated voltages to the HVB. The LVCU controls the TX
operation, protections, BIT and status reports to the RP. The LVCU includes
the interface functions to the RP via parallel bus and discrete timing signals.
2.2.3.2 High Voltage Block (HVB)
The HVB converts the LVCU power supplies into regulated, very low ripple,
high voltages for the TWT (Travelling Wave Tube) collectors and cathode.
The modulator provides pulse driving to the TWT grid. The HVB supplies also
the TWT heater voltage. The HVB is installed in an oil tank (HVT-High voltage
Tank) that isolates the high voltage in high altitude conditions and supports
heat dissipation of the high voltage components.
2.2.3.3 RF Unit (RFU)
The RFU amplifies the RF signals (through the TWT). The RF-IN module
samples the RF driving signal received from the RP for BIT purpose.
The RF-OUT subassembly protects the TWT from power reflections (VSWR),
and detects the transmitted power, reflected power and arcing in the
wave-guide.
10736 2-7
2.2.4 RADAR PROCESSOR (RP)

(See Figure 2-5)
The RP serves as the MPR controller. It generates the RF pulse drive for the
TX, accompanied by timing and control signals. It also controls the ANT
position.
The RP interfaces between the radar and the Radar Display and Control Unit
(RDCU). It receives operating instructions from the operator and outputs target
and radar data.
The RP unit contains both analog and digital sections. The analog section
handles signal reception and RF pulse drive. It converts the RF signals into
digital samples for the digital section, which performs the signal processing
and data processing according to the radar operation mode. It controls the
radar units (ANT and TX) and the RP’s internal Sub-Units. All radar decisions
and operations are controlled or performed by this section.
The RP consists of the following sub-units:

a. Low Power RF (LPRF) Sub-Unit (analog)
b. Radar Signal Processor (RSP) Sub-Unit (digital)
c. Radar Data computer (RDC) Sub-Unit (digital)
2-8 10736
RADAR PROCESSOR (RP)
SIGMA SIGNAL
EXCITER RF IN PULSE DRIVE TO RF UNIT
FROM FER RECEIVER
COAX L-BAND (LO) (TX)
LPRF
RSP TIMING &

WAVEFORM
CONTROL
ANT POSITION
TO/FROM CONTROL &
ANT STATUS TX CONTROL TO LVCU
(TX)
RDC &
TO RDCU & RADAR VIDEO INTERFACE
CDU 28V DC
RP POWER FROM A/C
TO/FROM CONTROL
RDCU
SUPPLY 115V, 400HZ-3 φ
FROM
INVERTER
MUX BUS
INTERFACE TO INS
Figure 2-5. Radar Processor Block Diagram
2.2.4.1 Low Power RF Sub-Unit (LPRF)
The LPRF consists of Microwave Modules and printed circuit boards.

The LPRF sub-unit performs the following functions:
a. Receives IF signals from the FER and converts this signals to digital
samples used by the Radar Signal Processor (RSP).
b. Generation of RF pulse drive for the transmitter.
c. Generation of local oscillators (Exciter).
d. Generation of radar fundamental timing signals.
The unit is controlled by the Radar data Computer (RDC) that also handles the
execution of internal tests and calibrations of the unit.
10736 2-9
2.2.4.2 Radar Signal Processor (RSP)
The signal processor sub-unit performs fast signal processing on video

samples transferred to the unit from LPRF.
The main functions performed by the signal processor are:

• Target Structure.
• Generation of video signal in PPI format for mapping display.
2.2.4.3 Radar Data Controller (RDC)
The RDC is a multiprocessor system where each processor performs a

predetermined part of the Operating Flight Program (OFP).
The RDC sub-unit controls the antenna and transmitter units and all processes
in the radar, performs radar data processing, and provides communication
between the RP and the INS. The radar computer consists of several
processors, each of them performing different tasks.
The computer software functions include:

a. System management
b. INS Interface
c. Targets data processing
d. Antenna control
e. RSP control
f. Transmitter control
g. LPRF control
h. BIT operation.
2-10 10736
2.2.5 RADAR DISPLAY AND CONTROL UNIT (RDCU)

(See Figure 2-6)
The Radar Display and Control Unit (RDCU) is installed in the Operator's
Station. The RDCU performs the following functions:
a. Radar switching to "ON" and "OFF" states.
b. Radar control and operation through all radar states and operational
modes.
c. Radar operation during BIT and failure isolation process.
d. Radar displays in all operational modes and during BIT.
The Radar Display and Control Unit includes the following sub units:
a. Display - 14” Colored monitor
b. Keyboard and Trackball Unit
c. Radar Operation Panel (ROP)
The RDCU elements are independently mounted in the radar operator rack.
CDU
RDCU
OPERATOR FROM RDC

DISPLAY RADAR VIDEO
KEYBOARD & TO/FROM

TRACKBALL CONTROL RDC
RADAR OPERATION
PANEL (ROP)
Figure 2-6. RDCU and CDU Block Diagram
10736 2-11
2.2.5.1 Radar Display Unit
The radar display consists of a color 14" monitor driven by the Radar
Processor video. The effective resolution (determined by the RP) is 640 x 480
pixels.
2.2.5.2 Keyboard and Trackball
The radar is operated via a keyboard and trackball.

Normal operation is provided via the trackball. Most of the operations can be
also done by the keyboard, which is also used to enter alphanumeric data into
the radar.
2.2.5.3 Radar Operation Panel (ROP)
The Radar Operation Panel includes the following functions:

a. Radar on/off Switch and indicator lamp
b. Reset pushbutton
c. Radar On/Off switch
2.2.6 COCKPIT DISPLAY UNIT (CDU)
The CDU is installed in the cockpit and gives the radar picture to the pilot.
2-12 10736
2.3 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
2.3.1 TRANSMISSION PATH

(See Figure 2-7)
MPR transmission is initiated by the LPRF. The LPRF initiates the RF Pulse
Drive, timing signals and control signals for the TX. All radar frequencies are
based on the Master Oscillator (MO) frequency (120 MHz) generated in the TX
Drive and Oscillator module. The Synthesizer and TX Drive modules use the
MO frequency to generate the RF pulse for the TX (The DCS frequency is
added or subtracted from the transmission frequency to compensate for the
Doppler effect, caused A/C own speed).
The Timing function uses the Master Clock (10 MHz), generated by a division
of the MO frequency by 12. This function generates synchronization signals
derived from the Master Clock and transfers them to the LVCU Sub-Unit in the
TX. The Timing function transfers control words from the LPRF Control (RCP)
to the TX via a parallel TX-Bus. The bus is used by the RP to receive TX
status words.
The RF pulse drive and the sync signals are used by the TX to generate the
RF Pulse to the ANT. The RF pulse is transferred to the ANT via the
waveguide assembly, through a circulator. The circulator transfers the RF
Pulse to the PAA for transmission. The same channel is also used for signal
reception. In this case, the circulator diverts the signal to the FER.
During beacon mode, the RF S/W transfers the transmission signal to the
beacon antenna.
10736 2-13
During transmission, the ANT Interface in the RP sets the attenuators in the
FER for maximum attenuation in order to protect the MPR from receiving the
RF Pulse sent by the transmitter.
ANT TX
PAA
CIRCULATOR CIRCULATOR RF UNIT

SIGMA CHANNEL
RF (WAVEGUIDE) OPERATING VOLTAGES
TWT
SW. (WAVEGUIDE)
DUMMY LOAD HVB

FER RF
INTERFACE
AC VOLTAGES
& CONTROL
BEACON
LVCU
RF PULSE SYNC
TX - BUS
DRIVE SIGNALS
RP
SYNTHESIZER LPRF
& TIMING CONTROL
TX - DRIVE (RCP)
MASTER
CLOCK
MO
OSC UNIT
MO
DCXO 12
LPRF - EXCITER
Figure 2-7. Transmission Path
2-14 10736
2.3.2 RECEPTION PATH

(See Figure 2-8)
2.3.2.1 Reception by PAA
The Planar Array is divided into four quadrants (A, B, C, and D).
Signal reflections are received by all quadrants, but at different energy levels.
The MPR uses the sigma (Σ) signal, which is the sum of energy levels
received by each of the PAA quadrants.
2.3.2.2 Reception by FER
The FER receives the X-Band RF signal (sigma) and attenuates it using TRLA
(Transmit/Receive Low-Noise Attenuator). The TRLA is controlled by a 8-bit
control word received from the ANT Interface in the RP. During transmission,
the attenuation is set to its maximum value to protect the MPR.
After attenuation, the signals are amplified and down-converted to L-Band by
mixing it with the LO frequency received from the RP. The down-conversion
enables to transfer the signal to the RP via a coaxial cable.
2.3.2.3 RP Signal Reception
The MO (Master Oscillator) in the Oscillator Unit produces the 120 MHz basic
frequency used by both Synthesizer and Receiver. The Synthesizer derives
the LO frequency for the FER from this frequency. The Receiver is
synchronized to the 120 MHz frequency and receives the RF signals in
L-Band. It uses the MO frequency to down-convert the RF signals into IF-Band
(120 MHz).
10736 2-15
The IF stage performs phase detection and generates "I" (In-phase) and "Q"
(Quadrate) signals. The "I" and "Q" signals are converted to digital samples,
compressed into data blocks and sent to the RSP for signal processing.
The signal processing results are analyzed by the RDC. In the RDC the target
data is extruded, radar video is generated for the display and the MPR is
controlled accordingly.
ANT
PAA
SIGMA
FROM
(WG)
TX
RF
SW.
X-BAND
(WG) CONTROL 8
FER
BEACON
L-BAND
(COAX)
RP
LPRF RSP RDC
I&Q
SIGNALS
DIGITAL
SIGNAL DATA
RECEIVER & IF
CONVERSION &
AMPLIFIER PROCESSING PROCESSING
COMPRESSION
CONT
MO
MO OSCILLATORS ANT
SYNTHESIZER
UNIT INTERFACE
Figure 2-8. Reception Path
2-16 10736
2.4 ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY
2.4.1 φ
AC POWER - 115V, 400HZ-3φ
115V, 400 Hz-3φ, is supplied separately to each of the following radar LRUs:
RP, Transmitter, AEE and fans by the DC/AC inverter, which receives 28V DC
from the A/C batteries.
2.4.2 DC POWER - 28V DC
28V DC voltage is filtered in the ROP and supplied to the RP, Transmitter,
AEE and RDCU.
2.5 COOLING
The RP, TX and AEE have cooling air fans. Each fan is located so that it fits
the chassis system air outlet.
2.5.1 SUPPLY OF COOLING AIR
The cooling air of the radar is the cabin air. The radar should not be operated
if the cabin air temperature is above 40°C.
The utilization of the cooling air is such that the temperature of the air at the
system outlet is, on the average, 60°C during normal cooling operation.
During transient cooling operation, the air exit temperature may reach 70°C for
transient intervals up to 5 minutes.
10736 2-17
2.6 RADAR DISPLAY AND CONTROL UNIT (RDCU)
2.6.1 RDCU FUNCTIONS
• Provides communication between the operator and the radar based on a

"soft keys", keyboard and trackball.
• Provides radar activation and shutdown switches.
• Provides radar control and operation through all radar states and
operational modes.
• Provides radar operation during Built-In (BIT) and failure isolation process.
• Provides radar displays in all operational modes and during BIT.
2.6.2 14” COLOR MONITOR

(See Figure 2-9)
The radar display is a 14" 640x480 monitor driven by the RP. The information
displayed includes radar TWS targets, radar plots, radar raw video, target's
symbols, alphanumeric information, operator controls and navigation
information. The operator controls are implemented by software switches (soft
switches) which activated using a trackball and trackball activation
pushbuttons.
2-18 10736
The RDCU display is equipped with three control keys:

Select/Up/Down which operated manually according to the operational
conditions (refer to color monitor manufacturer manual for controls
description).
Figure 2-9. Color Monitor - Controls and Indicators
2.6.3 KEYBOARD
(See Figure 2-10)
Provides control of some of the radar functions as an alternative solution for

certain functions and for entering alphanumeric data into operational
scenarios.
NOTE
In coastguard applications, the keyboard and
trackball are combined in one assembly see
Figure 2-10b.
10736 2-19
Figure 2-10a. Keyboard - Controls and Indicators
Figure 2-10b. Keyboard and Trackball in Coastguard System
2-20 10736
2.6.3.1 Trackball
(See Figure 2-11)
Provides selection tool of soft control switches and navigation capability

through software manus.
NOTE
In coastguard applications, the keyboard and
trackball are combined in one assembly see
Figure 2-10b.
Table 2-1 describes the Trackball controls and indicators:
Table 2-1. Trackball - Controls and Indicators
No. Item Description

1 Left pushbutton Used for softkey activation after "hooking" a
softkey.
2 Right Pushbutton Switches between the tacktical area and the
softkeys area and vice versa.
3 Trackball Controls the cursor movement.
1 2
Figure 2-11. Trackball - Controls and Indicators
10736 2-21
2.6.3.2 Radar Operation Panel (ROP)

(See Figure 2-12)
Contains controls and indicator used for radar states control.
Table 2-2 describes the ROP controls and indicators:
Table 2-2. ROP - Controls and Indicators
No. Item Description

1 Radar ON/OFF Provides MPR units operation and performs a
“Soft” reset of the radar.
2 RDCU ON/OFF Provides display power up and activites
RDCU control elements.
3 RESET Performs hardware reset to the radar
processor.
4 Radar ON Indicates that the radar LRUs are ON.
(indication)
1 2
4 3
Figure 2-12. ROP - Controls and Indicators
2-22 10736
2.7 MPR OPERATING STATES AND OPERATIONAL MODES
The system contains eight basic operating states:

• OFF - The radar is not active.
• POWER-UP - An intermediate state in which the radar performs
initialization tests and calibration process. The TWT is warmed-up and
thermal stabilization of various components is achieved. The power-up
duration is not exceed 3 minutes.
• FAIL - The radar is non-operational due to a failure. The radar enters FAIL
state upon detecting and verifying a fault in any of the radar states.
Whenever possible the radar tries to recover from FAIL and switch to
power-up.
• SHUTDOWN - The radar performs an ordered sequence of shutdown
processes that turns the radar off "smoothly" without causing any damage
to the hardware.
• STBY (STANDBY) - This is an intermediate state in which all units are
activated and are ready for operation, for an unlimited time.
Conditions for entering into STANDBY.
− Successful completion of the POWER-UP BIT.
− STANDBY may also be entered from TX upon operator request.

The condition for transition from STANDBY to TX is reception of the
appropriate command from the operator.
• TX - The radar is working in one of the operational modes. The radar
enters TX upon receiving the appropriate command from the operator.
• IBIT - Initiated Built-In Test is executed by the operator in order to test and
verify radar serviceability. The BIT may be performed at any flight stages
during its performance the radar is not operational.
• MBIT - Maintenance BIT.
10736 2-23
MBIT is performed upon request from maintenance personnel or the operator

as required. The test sequence is controlled by the operator/technician, who
may select the test, which runs in a cyclic mode until a new request is
received.
The MBIT functions includes:

• Radar test selection
• Interface monitoring
• Display of software version
• MFL
• Misalignment setting.
2-24 10736
2.8 MPR OPERATIONAL MODES
2.8.1 SURFACE SURVEILLANCE (SS) MODES

(See Figure 2-13)
The Surface Surveillance Mode is used for high detection probabilities outside
the radar field of view.
Two sub-modes are available in this mode:

• High Resolution Surveillance mode (HRS) – for ranges up to 40 miles.
• Long Range Surface Surveillance mode (LRS) – for medium to long
ranges.
Those modes are automatically initiated on selection of corresponding ran

scale.
A low Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) waveform enables high probability
search and detection of maritime targets with low false alarm rate.
The mode provides raw video display for operator’s orientation and synthetic
target display with range and azimuth data seen on the display.
Target detection and track designation for Track While Scan (TWS) is done by
the operator.
10736 2-25
Tracked Target 6
Small Fishing Boats
Figure 2-13. SS Mode
2-26 10736
2.8.1.1 High Resolution Surveillance (HRS)
The High Resolution Surveillance mode improves detection capabilities of

small targets, with the Aircraft (A/C) flying at a low altitude (up to a few
thousand feet).
Display options are available:
• Raw video only

• Extracted targets only, displayed as synthetic symbols
• Simultaneous combination of bullet 1+2.
Following are the main characteristics of the HRS mode:
• Range scale (selection capability) of the display: 10 nm, 20 nm, 40 nm.
• Sector scan selection capability in azimuth: ±15°, ±30°, ±60°, ±90,° ±120°.
• The operator can control the antenna scan center and place it around a
given antenna azimuth.
10736 2-27
2.8.1.2 LONG-RANGE Surface Surveillance (LRS) Mode

(See
Figure 2-14)
The Long-Range Surface Surveillance (LRS) Mode used for high detection
probabilities of targets from medium ranges out side the radar field of view.
Following are the main characteristics of the LRS mode:

• The radar generates raw video (transferred to video format and displayed
on the display), and performs automatic extraction of targets when
requested.
• Range scale (selection capability) of the display: 80 nm, 160 nm.
TWS tracked Targets
Detected Targets
Selected Targets
Figure 2-14. LRS Mode
2-28 10736
2.8.2 MOVING TARGET INDICATOR MODE (MTI)
A low PRF waveform and antenna scan logic as in the SS modes is used in
this mode, with changes in the frequency agility logic.
The mode provides range and azimuth information on the detected targets
which can be viewed via synthetic targets and raw video display. The operator
does target track designation (for TWS).
Main characteristics of the MTI mode are:

• The radar performs automatic extraction of moving targets (plots
extraction).
• The TWS capabilities and sector scan logic and are similar to those of the
SS mode.
10736 2-29
2.8.3 WEATHER (WX) MODE
The WX mode is used for long/short range weather/ground return detection at

medium to high altitude flights.
Following are the main characteristics of the WX modes:

• The radar generates raw video (transferred to video format and displayed
on the display). The raw video is colored as a function of rain intensities
(four colors - Black, Green, Yellow and Red).
• Possible Range scale selection is: 20 nm, 40 nm, 80 nm and 160 nm, etc.
• Sector scan selection capability in azimuth, from among the following
possibilities: ±15°, ±30°, ±60°, ±120° and 360°. Sector blank is available
from 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 180° and 360°.
• When the antenna scans in sectors, the center of the sector is determined
by means of a sector scan symbol.
• Nominally, the scan pattern is stabilized to the horizon, such that pitch and
roll angles of the platform don’t effect the search (within gimbal limits). The
operator can control antenna tilt - so that the scan is centered around a
given antenna tilt relative to the horizon.
• A freeze function can be operated in these modes. The operation of this
function will interrupt radar transmission and preserve the last obtained
image on the display. The current platform position may be updated on the
background of the frozen display.
• TWS targets are tracked via “dead reckoning“.
2-30 10736
Figure 2-15 displays the WX window.
Figure 2-15. WX Mode
10736 2-31
2.8.4 RANGE SIGNATURE (RS) MODE

(See Figure 2-16)
The radar classification mode Range Signature (RS) performs all range
classification of non-cooperating, non-transmitting targets. The operator enters
the RS mode from the surveillance modes (SS or MTI) via track hooking and
designation.
This classification mode is performed on the track while the radar scans and
updates other track.
The Range Signature process is utilized best when the target is moving in a
near radial direction. The processing is done for operator’s designated target.
Following are the main characteristics of the range signature classification

modes:
• The designated target is tracked in range, angle and velocity space.
• Target range profile is generated and displayed in “A scope” format to the
operator - for a positive visual identification.
2-32 10736
RS for the
Selected Target
Selected Target
Figure 2-16. RS Mode
10736 2-33
2.8.5 AIR-TO-AIR (A/A) MODE
The A/A modes provide range and azimuth information of the detected targets
in Range-While-Scan (RWS) and target velocity and direction when entered
into Track-While-Scan (TWS).
Following are the main characteristics of the Air-to-Air modes:

• Range scale options: 10 nm, 20 nm, 40 nm, 80 nm.
• Antenna Sector Scan options in azimuth selections: ±15°, ±30°, ±45°,
±60°, ±90°, ±120°. Antenna scanning rate requires a higher update rate for
high speed, maneuvering targets.
• The number of bars is limited, depending on the scan width:
− In scan sectors of ±15°, ±30°, ±45°and ±60° - 1,2 or 4 bars.
− In scan sectors of ±90° and ±120° - 1 or 2 bars.
− In continuous scan (360°) – 1 bar.

• The scan pattern is centered around an operator-selected sector center.
• TWS is performed on up to 10 targets.
2-34 10736
2.8.6 DBS-ZOOM MODE

(See Figure 2-17)
The DBS-ZOOM mode is utilized for improved mapping resolution for coastal
operation and target discrimination.
The DBS-ZOOM mode presents a region of 15° in azimuth by the same size
swath in range (swath size change with range) with an azimuth resolution
improvement of up to 16:1. The DBS-ZOOM map can be located anywhere
between 30° to 150° relative to the platform velocity vector. There are two
Keep Out Zone (KOZ) areas, from -30° to 30° and from -150° to 150°, which
cannot be mapped in the DBS mode.
-30° 30°
-150° 150°
Platform velocity for the DBS-ZOOM mode is 120 knots and higher.
Following are the main characteristics of the DBS-ZOOM mode:

• The radar generates a B-scope type of display of the sea returns, with
targets being detected by the operator.
• The antenna scans 15 degrees in azimuth with the map display covering a
similar swath in range.
10736 2-35
• The DBS-ZOOM map size is dependent upon the range. Map sizes are:
4 by 4 km up to 25 Km (<25 Km)
8 by 8 km from 25 to 45 Km (<45 Km)
12 by 12 km from 45 to 60 Km (<60 Km)
16 by 16 km from 60 to 75 Km (<75 Km)
24 by 24 km from 75 to 120 Km (<120 Km)
32 by 32 km for more then 120 Km.

• The DBS-ZOOM mode integration time is FFT size and azimuth angle
dependent.
KOZ MARK
Figure 2-17. DBS-ZOOM Mode
2-36 10736
2.8.7 BEACON (BCN) MODE
This mode of operation enables interrogation and identification of surface

standard X-band transponders.
The radar transmits pulses in a frequency and power suitable for interrogation
of Search-and-Rescue (SAR) Transponders. The detected response pulses
will undergo detection and identification in the radar. Reports on the detected
Beacons are displayed on the radar display.
2.8.8 SAR MODE

(See Figure 2-18)
The operation of the mode depends on the accuracy and rates of the inertial
navigation data of the aircraft.
The SAR mode provides two maximum targets resolution and discrimination.
Following are the main characteristics of the SAR mode:
• High resolution two-dimensional (range and azimuth) mapping of the
selected region.
• Maximum discrimination of targets within the same beam-width near
shorelines and reefs.
• A coherent waveform, with digital pulse compression and coherent SAR
focusing techniques, is utilized to achieve high cross-range resolution.
• The radar generates a B-scope type of display with operator-detected
targets.
• The antenna scans the area in azimuth.
• The SAR map can be located anywhere between 60° to 120° relative to
the ground velocity vector. This mode contains two KOZ areas from
-60° to 60° and from -120° to 120°. In this areas the radar cannot map the
area.
• The operator usually enters the SAR mode from the DBS-ZOOM mode,
but can enter also from the SS modes.
10736 2-37
KOZ MARK
Figure 2-18. SAR Mode
2.8.9 INVERSE SAR (ISAR) MODE

(See Figure 2-19)
ISAR is used for high-sea states and near radial direction of target
movements. A series of four ISAR images is generated. The operator has the
capability of selecting a single ISAR image for magnification to full-screen
scale.
2-38 10736
Following are the main characteristics of the ISAR imaging mode:

• A coherent low PRF waveform, digital pulse compression and coherent
processing logic, are utilized.
• The ISAR process creates a two dimensional silhouette which shows
target dimensions and characteristics - superstructures, deck and mast
configurations.
• The ship’s silhouette is displayed to the operator for a positive visual
identification.
• Display aids are available to the operator for measuring the distance
between points of interest on the frozen image.
10736 2-39
The following figure displays the measurement of the target (frozen image) in
ISAR mode.
TARGET SIZE MEASUREMENT

(METERS) LINES
Figure 2-19. Inverse SAR (ISAR) Mode
2-40 10736
2.9 MPR MAN MACHINE INTERFACE (MMI)
The MPR Man Machine Interface is implemented by the RDCU display, which
enables the operator to conveniently control the MPR assignment. All the
necessary operations of mission scenarios are performed using a display and
a combination of softkeys displayed permanently/overlaid on the screen and
selected using the trackball and keyboard. The keyboard is used as an
alternative control source for certain functions as backup in the event of
trackball malfunction.
Activating the following function requires the trackball:

• Designation process etc
• TWS targets definition
• ISR definition
• Zoom center definition
• FRM definition
• Vector draw
• Center offset
• Measure (for ISAR/RS)
• Magnify (for ISAR)
• FZ (for ISAR)
• UFZ (for ISAR)
• DBS/SAR center definition
• Hooked target selection
• Drag RS window.
10736 2-41
2.9.1 DISPLAY STRUCTURE

(See Figure 2-20)
The MPR display is divided into two main areas:

a. Tactical area - Presents data regarding the targets according to the mode
of operation and additional alphanumeric data items. The alpha numeric
(α/N) data labels are yellow. The background is always black.
b. Softkey area - Enables friendly control of different parameters and

operations of the MPR. The background is different shades of blue.
The operator decides which area is active according to the required operation.
An active area means that the trackball affects it. The inactive area is not
influenced by trackball operation.
SOFTKEYS
AREA
TACTICAL
AREA
Figure 2-20. Display Structure
2-42 10736
2.9.2 TACTICAL AREA STRUCTURE

(See Figure 2-21)
The tactical area displays the radar picture and the following information:
Table 2-3. Alphanumeric Data
Item Display Format Relevant

location Modes
Aircraft position Left Top ddmmS dddmmE All
(latitude / longitude) Corner dd - Degrees
mm - Minutes
S - South
N - North
E - East
W - West
Aircraft velocity and Left Top VELvvvALThhhhh All
Altitude Corner after vvv – velocity knots
Aircraft (variable length)
Position text
hhhhh – altitude feet
(variable length)
Aircraft heading and Center top hhh / ttt All
track hhh - heading degrees
ttt – ground track degrees
Time Right Top Hh:mm:ss All
Corner hh - hour (00-23)
mm - minutes (00-59)
ss - seconds (00-59)
Range Scale and Left Bottom xxx/yy or xx/y STBY, NS,
Range Ring difference Corner xxx-Range scale in NM WX, BCN,
(NM) yy -Range ring in NM MTI, RWS,
TWS
Display Stabilization Center Bottom STAB: xxx STBY, NS,
xxx = GND or REL or A/C WX, BCN,
MTI, RWS,
TWS
10736 2-43
Table 2-3. Alphanumeric Data (Cont.)

location Modes
DBS/SAR Center: Left Bottom N:dd:mm DBS, SAR
LAT/LON Corner In E:ddd:mm
DBS/SAR
window. E - East
W - West
N - North
S - South
DBS/SAR patch size Right Top PTCHxx DBS, SAR
Corner in xx - range in KM
DBS/SAR
window
DBS/SAR patch center Right Bottom bbb.bL DBS, SAR
Corner in rrr.r
DBS/SAR
window bbb - direction of patch
center relative to Ground
track
rrr - range in NM
L - Left to Ground track
R - Right to Ground track
- ISAR total corrected Left Bottom Txxxm ISAR
aspect length Corner Mxxxm
- ISAR measured Each quadrant
corrected aspect
length (Horizontal
component)
- RS total length - RS window Txxxm where xxx is in text RS
aspect corrected Center top box
- RS measured length RS window Mxxxm where xxx is in text
- aspect corrected Center bottom box
Cursor Position Right Bottom Bbb/rrr or bbb/rr.r NS, WX,
Corner (bbb - bearing, degrees) BCN, MTI,
relative to north RWS, TWS
(rrr - range, NM)
latitude / longitude
(format as aircraft position)
2-44 10736
Table 2-3. Alphanumeric Data (Cont.)

location Modes
Min-Max Search Alt Right Bottom aaa RWS, TWS
Corner bbb
(aaa-kfeet, -min search Alt)
(bbb-kfeet, -max search Alt)
Beam altitude Right Bottom bbb NS, WX,
Corner (bbb-kfeet, beam Altitude) MTI
10736 2-45
(AIRCRAFT POSITION) (VELOCITY/ALTITUDE) (HEADING/TRACK) (TIME)

dd mmSddmmE VELvvvALThhhhh hhh/ttt hh:mm:ss
RADAR PICTURE
aaa min srch Alt

bbb max srch Alt
or Beam Alt
XXX/YY STAB : xxx ddmmSdddmmE bbb/rrr

(RANGE SCALE) (DISPLAY STABILIZATION) (CURSOR POSITION
OPERATION TIME
PRESENT POSITION
ARTIFICIAL HORIZON
VELOCITY/ALTITUDE (BIRD SYMBOL)
TACTICAL CURSOR
RANGE RINGS
ANTENNA SCAN
ANTENNA SYMBOL
ELEVATION
SCALE & POINTER
A/C SYMBOL
CURSOR
RANGE SCALE BEARING/DISTANCE
FACTOR TO A/C
STABILIZATION CURSOR
METHOD GEOGRAPHIC
POSITION
Figure 2-21. Tactical Area Structure
2-46 10736
2.9.2.1 Priorities for Symbol Display
Display priority in case of overlapping symbols (highest priority symbol is

visible).
• Display A/C symbol

• Display Tracked symbol or TWS A/A symbol
• Display Search Target (plots) or A/A search target
• Display A/C heading
• Display Range
• Display A/C position
• Display AZ Range Cursor
• Display ISR
• Display Stabilization
• Display Scan Sector
• Display Blank Sector
• Display Free Marker
• Display Way points
2.9.3 SOFTKEYS AREA STRUCTURE

(See Figure 2-22)
Operator softkeys are divided into the following areas:

• Track / FRM List
• Mode & State
• Antenna Control
• Thresholds
• Classification Tools
• F-Switches
10736 2-47
The softkeys are of several types:

• Softkeys located on the function bar, defined as F-Switches. The function
bar is located below the tactical display. The F-Switches types are:
− Function bar softkeys that activate one function.
− Function bar softkeys that have more than one option are toggle
buttons.
• Softkeys located in the right-hand area are of the following types:
− Selection softkeys (arranged in functional groups).
− Increment/Decrement controls in order to define figures.
A/S (F) ID B/D C/S Q S

A/S (N) ID S Q LAT/LONG
A/A ID RNG ZA HEAD VEL
ID RNG AZ HEAD VEL N

RO1 20 015 000 100
TRACK LIST
FREE MARKER
N F
G1 G2
O
SBY TX IBIT MBT
SS WX MTI DBS SAR SR1 BCN
10 20 40 80 160
MODE AND
ZOOM OFF 2 4 8
STATE
P
HLT SUP SEC BLK A R T
OFF 30 60 90 120 180 240 ANTENNA

CEN ↓ XXX ↑ TLT M ↓ XXX ↑ CONTROL
H
GAIN M ↓ X ↑
DTHD M ↓ X ↑ CNT ↓
X
1-4
↑ THRESHOLD
XMI HVL DLR CLT CLR
Q
RS ISA MAG MSR FZ UFZ WIN
CLASSIFICAT
INTG ↓ X ↑ RES ↓ X ↑
MESSAGES
AREA
F-SWITCHES
ISR F1 FRZ F2 DCL F3 TWS F4 DSG F5 VEC F6 RNG F7 FRM F8 CTR F9 FIL F10 TRK F11 STB F12
AREA
Figure 2-22. Softkeys Area Structure
2-48 10736
2.9.3.1 Track/FRM List Area
This area is used to display Track list (A/A, A/S) or Free Marker list.
• A/A Track List – includes α/N information for A/A TWS targets. Up to eight
targets data can be displayed in a scroll area. The targets are stored using
the Target ID field. Each target contains the following information:
- ID A/A TWS target number (Radar R01 – R10).

- RNG A/A TWS target range (NM x 10).
- AZ A/A TWS target Azimuth (Degree).
- HEAD A/A TWS target Heading relative to north (Degree).
- VEL A/A TWS Target Velocity (knot CAS).
- ↑↓ Scroll up and down.
• A/S Track List – includes α/N information for TWS targets. Up to eight
targets data can be displayed in a scroll area. The targets are stored using
the Target ID field. Each target contains the following information:
- ID Track number (Radar R01 - R50) The target line

color is set according to target threat.
- B/D Track relative position - bearing (degrees) relative
to north and distance (NM).
- C/S Track course and speed - course (degrees)
relative to north and speed (Knots).
- Q Track quality (5 to 0).
- S Track status (I:Initiation, T:Track, M:Memory)
• Free Marker List – includes α/N information, one line is displayed for each
free marker. The area includes the following information for each marker:
- ID Marker number (Mx).

- BD Marker relative position - bearing relative to north
(degrees) and distance (NM).
- LAT/LONG Marker absolute position (ddmmSS, dddmmE)
dd-degrees, mm-minutes, S-tens of second.
- ↑↓ Scroll up and down.
10736 2-49
2.9.3.2 Mode & State Area
The mode and state controls are divided into two groups, G1 and G2.
The following are the radar mode controls:
• Mode & State Area – G1 (Group 1)
- State control : SBY(stand-by), TX , IBT, MBT

- Mode control : SS, WX, MTI, DBS, SAR, SR1, BCN
- Range control : 10, 20, 40, 80, 160
- Zoom control : OFF, 2, 4, 8
• Mode & State Area – G2 (Group 2)
- State control : SBY(stand-by), TX , IBT, MBT

- Mode control : RWS, TWS
- Range control : 10, 20, 40, 80, 160
NOTE
SBY switch possible values are PWP
(Power-up), FAL (Fail), SBY (Standby), SHD
(Shutdown).
2-50 10736
2.9.3.3 Antenna Control Area
Antenna control area is divided into two sub-groups. The current displayed
sub-group is accordions to operator group selection.
• Antenna control area G1 – (Group 1)
- Scan control : HLT, SUP, SEC, BLK, A, R, T

- Width selection : 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240
- Center selection : CEN ↑/↓ ("↑" - Up arrow, "↓" –
Down arrow)
- Antenna optimized tilt control : TLT ↑/↓ “M” (on/off)
• Antenna control area G2 – (Group 2)
- Scan control : HLT, SUP, SEC, BLK, A, R, T

- Width selection : OFF 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240
- Center selection : CEN ↑/↓ ("↑" - Up arrow, "↓" –
Down arrow)
- Antenna tilt control : TLT ↑/↓
2.9.3.4 Thresholds Area
Thresholds area is divided to two sub-groups. The current displayed sub-group

is according to operator group selection.
• Thresholds area - G1 (Group 1)
- Gain control : GAIN ↑/↓, “M”(on/off)

- Detection threshold control : DTHD ↑/↓, “M”(on/off)
- Contrast : CNT ↑/↓
- Target Velocity : HVL (on/off)
- Transmission : XMIT (on/off).
- BCN code : BCN ↑/↓.
- Clear Targets/Plots/Video : CLT
10736 2-51
- Clear Plots/Video : CLR

- Disable/and reject : DLR
• Thresholds area - G2 (Group 2)
- Number of Bars : BAR ↑/↓

- BAND number : BND ↑/↓
- History Level : HIST ↑/↓
- Target Velocity : HVL (on/off)
- Transmission : XMI (on/off)
- Clear Plots/Video : CLR
2.9.3.5 Classification Area (G1 Only)
- Classification Mode : RS, ISA

- Magnify : MAG (on/off)
- Freeze : FZ
- Unfreeze : UFZ
- Measure : MSR (on/off)
Integration Time INTG ↑/↓
ISAR resolution RES ↑/↓
- RS window position : MIN (if RS ro ISAR is selected)
2.9.3.6 F-Switches Area
The following describes the F-Switches area:

This area contains:
• Display functions that are not related to cursor position in the tactical area:
F2, F3, F7, F10, F11, F12.
• Display functions that are related to cursor position in the tactical area:
F6, F8, F9
• Target control functions: F1, F4, F5.
2-52 10736
Table 2-4 describes the switches.
Table 2-4. F-Switches
Switch Mode Description

F1 ISR ISR Circle definition/deletion
F2 FRZ Display freezes
F3 DCL Display declutter
F4 TWS Track while scan operations
F5 DSG Target threat designation
F6 VEC Vector draw (static or correlated)
F7 RNG Range rings activation
F8 FRM Static marker positioning
F9 CTR Display center offset
F10 FIL Display filters (pilots, raw video, both)
F11 TRK Filter for TWS targets
F12 STB Display stabilization mode selection
2.9.3.7 Messages Area
The radar displays operational failure messages in red in the Status area:
• FAIL - Radar Fail
• RCVR - Warning Radar in Recovery Process
• OHEAT - Over TEMP (RP, ANT, DAU, TX…)
• SYMBL - Symbol Display Degraded
• VIDEO - Video Display Degraded
• INS - INS Data Invalid or no communication
• ALTH - High Altitude
• MCNF - Mismatch Config
• MVER - Mismatch Version
• SEA - Digital Map missing
• DETECT - Detection degraded
10736 2-53
The radar displays the following message in white:

Weight On Wheels (WOW)
The radar displays General Messages using one line. The message line
includes one message. The last one is displayed. The message is erased after
5 seconds.
The message line is used for the following messages:

• NO CORRELATION (All invalid correlation functions)
• FILE FULL (50 Tracks or 10 Free markers)
• NO MORE ISR (max 5 ISRS)
• OPERATION DENIED (All invalid operations).
2-54 10736
Operator Handbook Principles of Operation
3 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
3.1 GENERAL
This chapter provides the Maritime Patrol Radar (MPR):

• principles of operation
• Mode and State selection
• Activation principles.
3.2 INITIALIZATION PROCESS
MPR initialization is performed using the Radar Operating Panel (ROP).
a. Switch on the RDCU ON switch located on ROP. Verify that the display is
operated.
NOTE
The radar state is still off.
b. Switch on the radar ON switch located on ROP to ON. Verify that the ROP
indicator is on, the softkeys are displayed and the radar state switches to
“Power-Up”.
10736 3-1
Principles of Operation Operator Handbook
NOTE
• The Power-Up process lasts approximately 3 minutes.
• During Power-Up the following tasks are performed:
- The radar enters PWP state, which displays default values for
radar control parameters
- INIT message is displayed
- Time from activation is displayed
- System tests (antenna, transmission, display) are displayed
- Software version is displayed.
c. At the end of the Power-Up process, the system enters STBY mode,
andremoves the initialization time and display headers on the tactical
area.
3.3 SHUT-DOWN PROCESS
a. Switch OFF the radar ON switch located on the ROP

b. Switch OFF the RDCU ON switch located on the ROP.
3-2 10736
3.4 MPR STATE TRANSITION
Table 3-1 describes the State Transition principles.
Table 3-1. State and Transitions
From To Condition
OFF POWER UP Radar ON signal
SHUT DOWN OFF POWER supply turn OFF
POWER UP Radar ON signal (6sec) following radar
OFF.
FAIL OFF POWER supply turn OFF
SHUT DOWN Radar OFF signal (If possible)
POWER UP Recovery from FAIL
MBIT At operator selection to read the MFLs
(if possible)
POWER UP SHUT DOWN Radar OFF signal
FAIL Detection of failure
STBY Successful completion of POWER UP
STBY SHUT DOWN Radar OFF signal
TX ON TX-ON command
IBIT IBIT command
MBIT MBIT command
TX ON SHUT DOWN Radar OFF signal
STBY STBY command
IBIT IBIT command
MBIT MBIT command
IBIT SHUT DOWN Radar OFF signal
STBY Successful completion of IBIT
MBIT SHUT DOWN Radar OFF signal
STBY STBY command
10736 3-3
3.5 USING TRACKBALL AND KEYBOARD
The radar controls are activated using a trackball and keyboard as an

alternative control source for certain functions.
The trackball motion controls the cursor position. Trackball switches are used
to activate software.
3.5.1 DISPLAY AREA ACTIVATION

(See Figure 3-1)
Each area has its own cursor for operation. The trackball has two pushbuttons
in use: the right one is used for toggling between the tactical area and the
softkey area the left one is used for softkey activation after hooking a softkey.
During switching from the tactical area to the softkey area the cursor jumps to
its last position. Two different cursors are displayed, a tactical cursor and a
menu cursor. At any time there is only one active cursor. The tactical cursor
color is white if active and light cyan if not active. The menu cursor is always
light cyan. The cursor is in the display area it is used for selecting contacts or
points on the display.
When the cursor is in the softkeys area it is used for selecting one of the radar
controls available in this area.
The keyboard is active regardless of the active area and used in parallel with
the trackball operation.
3-4 10736
TACTICAL AREA
ACTIVE SOFTKEY AREA
RIGHT-CLICK
Figure 3-1. Display Area Activation
10736 3-5
3.5.2 ”HOOKING A SOFTKEY”

(See Figure 3-2)
Locating the cursor over the softkey performs the “hooking” of a softkey.
The left trackball pushbutton is used for softkey activation. The color of a
hooked softkey changes to dark gray for pointed and not selected, and
changes to magenta for pointed and selected. When switching from the
tactical area to the softkeys area the cursor jumps to its last position.
G1 G2 G1 G2 G1 G2
SBY TX IBT MBT SBY TX IBT MBT SBY TX IBT MBT
INACTIVE
SOFTKEY
CLICK LEFT
BUTTON
Figure 3-2. Hooking a Softkey
Automatic control transfer from soft keys area to tactical area is activated in
the ISR, CTR cursor related commands.
Automatic control transfer from menu area to tactical area is activated when
ZOOM command is selected (Excluding ZOOM OFF) and from FZ, UFZ, MSR
and MAG cursor related commands.
In the TWS, DSG, VEC and FRM cursor-related commands, the control is not
transferred automatically, and right-switch selection or (keyboard <return>) is
required.
3-6 10736
In general, cursor-related commands, which are entered with a cyclic button,

require a right switch selection in order to move to the tactical area.
Default at power-up: the Menu cursor is active and located in the top-right
corner of the state control area. When the tactical cursor is active and no other
cursor related process is active, pressing the left button defines the
designation point as Internal Target Track (ITT).
3.5.3 USING THE KEYBOARD

(See Figure 3-3)
The keyboard is used together with the trackball operation for certain
functions. Pressing the F1-F12 function keys operates the functions on the
F-Switch area below the display. Each key is backed up by the "F" key in its
relative position (first from left by F1, Etc.). Pressing the underlined character
may operate other functions. The letters which appear on the top right side of
the menu represent the keyboard character for area activation.
F-SWITCHES AREA
Figure 3-3. Activation of Using & Keyboard
10736 3-7
3.6 MODE & STATE AREA
3.6.1 RADAR STATE CONTROL

(See Figure 3-4)
SBY TX IBT MBT
Or: SHD, PWP, and FAL
Figure 3-4. Radar State Controls
Table 3-2 describes the radar state controls:
Table 3-2. Radar State Controls
Control Description
SBY/SHD/ Indicates the operation state of the radar. During
PWP/FAL Power-Up, PWP message is displayed. After power-up
completion (after approximately 3 minutes) the radar turns
to SBY and the color switches to green.
In Standby mode, the antenna position is 90° relative to
A/C fore and aft axis. All radar display settings are
maintained. The radar is ready for operation and the
operator may select "IBT" or "TX".
When the radar is in TX or MBIT state and the SBY control
switch is activated, the radar will enter the standby state.
When a failure occurs, the radar displays FAL and operator
state selection is disabled execpt MBIT. The color during
FAIL is red.
During Shutdown, the SHD message is displayed until the
radar enters OFF state.
TX Normal operational mode with tactical area display and
antenna control.
During IBIT, TX can be selected from Stand-By, IBIT and
MBIT states. On completion of IBIT, the radar starts
transmitting and the TX softkey color is green.
When TX is selected from IBIT, the radar enters the TX
State after IBIT completion.
3-8 10736
Table 3-2. Radar State Controls (Cont.)
Control Description
IBT During IBT the radar displays the time from activation and test pattern
with (raw vide). The antenna symbol is displayed during the process.
At IBIT completion if a fault is detected the radar updates the status
area, clears the tactical display and enters STBY mode. All previous
settings are maintained.
The radar transmit test logic in IBIT is identical to Power-up logic.
IBIT may be selected from stand-by, TX or MBIT states.
IBIT may be performed at any flight stage, in the air or on the ground.
During ±BIT the radar is not operational except for memory
processing on Sea Track targets.
The IBT switch is normally displayed in gray. During activation, the
IBT switch is green and the other state switches are gray. At IBT
completion the IBT switch color returns to gray, and the State switch
returns to SBY (green).
TX, SBY or MBIT may be selected during IBIT execution.
The selected function is activated and the selected control changes
its color to green after IBIT complition.
MBT Maintenance BIT. The switch is normally displayed in gray. During its
activation the switch color is green and the other state switches are
gray. At MBT activation the MBIT menu appears on the tactical
display and the operator enables selecting any option of this menu.
Upon any other state selection (SBY, TX, IBIT), the MBIT menu
window in the tactical area is closed. MBIT activation is performed
also from the keyboard, by pressing <CTRL+N> simultaneously.
In case of activation MBIT under Fail state, the activation can be done
only by keyboard (<CTRL+N>).
OFF OFF is activated by turning the radar ON switch on ROP to OFF.
The radar performs a shutdown process before switching to OFF.
In OFF State the radar is not active. In shutdown the radar sets the
antenna to parking position: 90° relative to A/C for and aft axis, 0°
elevation. The radar enters a temporary shutdown state, and
performs the shutdown process. At shutdown process completion, if
radar ON switch is set to ON in 6 seconds, the radar performs a
power up re-initialization process.
10736 3-9
3.6.2 RADAR MODE CONTROL

(See Figure 3-5, Figure 3-6)
Modes in Group G1:
Modes in Group G2:
RWS TWX
Figure 3-5. Radar Mode Control
There are two mode groups, G1 and G2.

G1 contains A/S modes; G2 contains A/A modes. Hooking the required
softkey with the trackball and selecting with the trackball left button select the
required group. Via the keyboard, press <Shift+1> to select the G1 mode;
press <Shift +2> to select the G2 mode. The active group is green; the
non-active is gray.
3-10 10736

RO1 20 015 000 100
N F
G1 G2 G1 G2
O
SBY TX IBIT MBT SBY TX IBIT MBT
SS WX MTI DBS SAR SR1 BCN RWS TWS
10 20 40 80 160 10 20 40 80 160
ZOOM OFF 2 4 8
P
OFF 30 60 90 120 180 240
CEN ↓ XXX ↑ TLT M ↓ XXX ↑
H
GAIN M ↓ X ↑
X
DTHD M ↓ X ↑ CNT ↓ 1-4
↑
XMI HVL DLR CLT CLR

POINT AND
CLICK LEFT
Q
BUTTON
MESAGES
AREA
Figure 3-6. MPR Mode Selection
Using the trackball the operator points at the required mode. The pointed
mode is displayed with changed background color. The active mode is green;
others switches are gray. Hooking the required softkey with the trackball and
selecting with trackball left button performs selection of the required mode.
Keyboard operation is performed by pressing "O" to select the Mode & State
area and then by pressing the underlined character in the required mode.
The active mode switch is green; other switches are gray.
DBS/SAR (SR1 or SAR) Mode activation contains the selection of the Patch
center. The activation sequence is as follows:
a. Select ITT for patch center at cursor location by pressing the left button,
while the cursor is in the tactical area. If ITT is not selected, the patch
center is at the tactical cursor position.
10736 3-11
a. Switch to the Mode & State area by the trackball right button.
b. Select DBS or SAR (SR1 or SAR) mode from the Mode & State area by
the trackball left button.
To change the DBS/SAR Patch center, locate the cursor at the new required
center and press the trackball left button. The center is then located at the new
location and the DBS/SAR Center symbol jumps to that point.
NOTE
To select DBS/SAR you must define the
DBS/SAR patch center. Otherwise, “operation
denied” message will be displayed.
Table 3-3 describes the radar mode controls:
Table 3-3. Radar Mode Controls
Control Description
SS Surface Surveillance. The SS is the default mode at
power-up when the radar is first switched to Operate State
(TX).
WX Navigation & Weather (continuous weather mode) etc.
MTI Moving Target Indicator.
DBS Doppler Beam Sharpening.
SAR Synthetic Aperture radar with patch size 2x2 KM.
SR1 Synthetic Aperture radar with patch size 1x1 KM.
BCN Beacon.
RWS Range While Search (A/A).
TWS Track While Scan (A/A).
3-12 10736
3.6.3 RADAR RANGE CONTROL

10 20 40 80 160
Figure 3-7. Radar Range Control
The active range switch is displayed in green; other switches are displayed in
gray.
Only one range can be selected at a time; any new selection invalidates the
previous one.
The Keyboard selection is performed by activating "O" and one of the

underlined digits.
Non-applicable display range softkeys for each mode are deactivated.

If transition to any mode is done from a mode with a display range, which is
not applicable to the new mode, the radar selects the maximum or minimum
applicable display range for the new mode.
In Freeze, the range scale selection function is disabled. The range scale
selection switches are displayed as deactivated, except for the current
selection, which is unaffected. The last selected range remains green.
(The outer frame of the button is green).
10736 3-13
0 ALT0 030/ 030 00 : 33 : 06 3148N 03440E VEL0 ALT0 030/ 030
ID RNG AZ HEAD VEL N 30

RO1 20 015 000 100
F
G1 G2
O
SBY TX IBIT MBT
10 20 40 80 160
ZOOM OFF 2 4 8
- 30
STAB: GND 3148N 03440E 050/ 30.2 20/ 5 STAB: GND 3148N
POINT AND CLICK LEFT

BUTTON
Figure 3-8. Changing the Range Scale
The display range options are displayed according to the current active mode,
as described at Table 3-4.
Table 3-4. Range Options
Control Description
10 NM SS, MTI, RWS, TWS, BCN
20 NM WX, SS, MTI, RWS, TWS, BCN
40 NM SS, WX, MTI, RWS, TWS, BCN
80 NM SS, WX, MTI, RWS, TWS
160 NM SS, WX
3-14 10736
3.6.4 RADAR ZOOM CONTROL

ZOOM OFF 2 4 8
Figure 3-9. Radar Zoom Control
The Zoom function is applicable for the SS, MTI, BCN and WX modes only.
This function enables the operator to open up a selected portion of the
scanned area, centered on the current position of the cursor.
When the function is active, the radar performs a display zoom with a ratio of
2:1, 4:1or 8:1 around the cursor position/ITT. Zoom OFF is a normal display.
The raw video data is “collapsed” from range gates to pixels. In Zoom,
depending on the Zoom factor, the collapsing ratio is decreased and additional
information is revealed.
In “Freeze”, the Zoom function is disabled, the Zoom selection switches are
deactivated, except the current selected value. The outer frame of the last
selected Zoom button is green.
To select from keyboard, locate the cursor at the required zoom center, select
"O" for the Mode & State area, select the underlined character "Z" for (ZOOM)
and then select the required value: 2, 4, 8, or "F" for OFF. Locate the cursor
with the trackball at the required Zoom center, and terminate the operation by
trackball button (left or right) or by pressing <return>.
During STBY the zoom function is deactivated.
10736 3-15
Table 3-5 describes the radar mode controls:
Table 3-5. Radar Zoom Controls
Control Description
OFF Normal display
2 Ratio of 2:1
4 Ratio of 4:1
8 Ratio of 8:1
To activate the sequence, perform the following:

a. Switch to the Mode & State area by the trackball right button.
b. Select the required zoom option: OFF, 2:1, 4:1, 8:1 by pointing at the
respective key and selecting by the trackball left button. The background
color of the pointed value changes.
c. The cursor control is automatically returned to the last position in the
tactical area. Locate the cursor at required zoom area, center and press
the trackball left button.
d. The zoom operation is performed and the selected zoom factor is set to
green.
e. If OFF is selected, the zoom is deactivated, and the cursor is not returned
to the tactical area.
f. In zoom mode, the operator can perform scroll and pan operation of the
tactical symbols by moving the tactical cursor in the required direction
near the display limits.
g. The default mode is OFF.
3-16 10736

RO1 20 015 000 100
F
G1 G2
O
SBY TX IBIT MBT
10 20 40 80 160
ZOOM OFF 2 4 8
1. LOCATE CURSOR 2. CLICK RIGHT 3. POINT AND CLICK

AND CLICK LEFT BUTTON LEFT BUTTON
BUTTON
THE CURSOR
CHANGES TO ITT
Figure 3-10. Zoom Control Tactical Area Display
10736 3-17
3.7 ANTENNA CONTROL AREA CONTROLS
3.7.1 ANTENNA MODES CONTROL

(See Figure 3-11, Figure 3-12, Figure 3-13)
P
OFF 30 60 90 120 180 240
CEN ↓ XXX ↑ TLT M ↓ +XX ↑
Figure 3-11. Antenna Modes Control
Table 3-6 describes the antenna mode controls.
Table 3-6. Antenna Mode Controls
Control Description
HLT Antenna Halt.
The antenna is stopped at last position relative to the aircraft
forward and aft axis. The radar stops transmission and does
not perform target processing. TWS targets files are
maintained, by dead reckoning, up to memory track limits.
SUP Radar setup process. Used for radar setup process
activation. The radar displays the sector/blank lines in light
gray color.
SEC The antenna covers an operator-defined sector, with the
same scan rate as defined by the selected range scale.
The radar does not transmit outside the sector during the
sector scan initialization process.
3-18 10736
Table 3-6. Antenna Mode Controls (Cont.)
Control Description
BLK The antenna rotates 360° or within the defined scan sector. A blank
sector is defined. The radar stops transmission while the antenna is
in the blank sector.
The default for both blank and scan sector is not active, meaning
360° coverage. When active, the tactical display area includes
sector limits, using the same line notations and color for blank and
scan sectors. Only one sector can be activated.
TWS targets are memory-tracked in the blank sector and outside
the scan sector, up to memory track limits.
The following parameters are required for the control of blank/scan
sectors:
• Sector center
• Sector stabilization method
• Sector width.
The operator may define these parameters in STBY, or in antenna
OFF, or during continues (360°) normal scan. The control
parameters are activated and used only after selecting SEC or BLK,
replacing the parameters used in the last activation of SEC or BLK.
The setup process can be terminated by selecting "CON" or “OFF”
etc.
In STBY the radar displays the sector/blank lines using the colors as
in normal operation (Light green for sector lines and magenta for
blank lines).
If the operator does not change any parameter in SEC or BLK, then
at SEC or BLK activation the last set of parameters will be used
(The radar manages one set for SEC and one set for BLK).
A (Ahead) A sector stabilization in azimuth relevant for sector scan mode, and
for the blank sector. The sector center is fixed at A/C fore and aft
axis. The default sector width is 360° and is changeable upon
operator request.
R (Relative) The default width is set to last selected value.
The sector center is set by the operator at an angle relative to A/C
fore and aft axis.
T (True) The sector center is set by the operator at an angle relative to the
north.
OFF Scan width, Applicable to the sector scan or blank sector activation.
30,60,90,120,
180,240
10736 3-19
Control Description
CEN Center control is applicable to sector scan and to blank sector
activation (Only for "R" and "T" stabilization). The sector center
value can be increased/decreased in steps of 1°. The actual value is
displayed between the switches. The default is 000° relative to A/C
heading or last selected value in the selected stabilization. The
value is relative to a centerline that is defined sector by the sector
stabilization method.
If the ↑/↓ switch is hooked and left hand trackball button pressed for
more than 1 second, the radar changes the sector center value at a
constant rate.
The sector center value can be entered from the keyboard by
selecting the area - "P", selecting center - "E", and by typing 3 digits
for the required center (000 to 359°).
To complete the keyboard definition, press <ENTER>. To cancel the
keyboard operation, press <ESC>. To erase a digit during the
definition process, press <BACK TAB>.
When the sector center is fixed at Ahead stabilization mode, the
center value is set to '000' while Sector/Blank are activated and
stabilization is "A". The sector center controls are removed (by
deletion of Up and Down arrows).
TLT Antenna elevation control. The Operator can control the antenna tilt
so that the scan is centered on the given antenna tilt relative to the
horizon.
The control is implemented by two increment/decrement switches.
The commanded inertial antenna elevation is displayed in an
alphanumeric field inside the switch.
If the ↑/↓ switch is hooked and left-hand trackball button is pressed
for more than 1 second, the radar changes the antenna elevation at
a constant rate.
The tilt angle value can be entered from the keyboard by selecting
the area - “P”, selecting center – “L” and by typing a sign (“+” or “-“)
and 2 digits for the required tilt angle (-30 to +10°).
To complete the keyboard definition, press <ENTER>. To cancel the
keyboard operation, press <ESC>. To erase a digit during the
definition process, press <BACK TAB>.
If the tilt angle value exceeds the tilt limits, the value is restricted to
the maximum valid value (-30° to +10.).
3-20 10736
Control Description
TLT (Cont) The operator can select one of the following tilt modes:
• Manual tilt control – selection of tilt value by the operator.
The operator can select the tilt value using the ↑↓ arrows.
• Automatic tilt control – used for optimized value calculated by the
radar, according to the display range scale. The control arrows are
disabled and erased from the softkeys. The value is the optimized
tilt value as calculated by the radar.
Control of the tilt in G1 modes is defined as “M” or “A”. If the “M”
switch is active (green), the control is manual. If the “M” switch is not
active (gray), the control is automatic.
To activate the sequence, perform the following:

Press the trackball right button to switch to the softkeys area.
a. Antenna Mode: Select HLT to stop the antenna, SEC-OFF for 360
degrees scan, SEC for sector scanning, or BLK for scanning with a blank
sector. Default is SEC-OFF. The active switch is Green; other switches
are Gray.
b. Sector Scan: The Sector Scan parameters are set at activation to the last
selected values. For first activation after power-on the parameters are:
Sector stabilization: "A" (ahead) Center: 000° Width: 360°. Define the
scan sector by selecting the required parameters:
• Sector stabilization method ("A", "R", "T")
• Required scan width
• Update the center by activating the ↑/↓ switches.
The active switch in sector stabilization and width group is Green; other
switches are Gray. Center control switches are Green only in "R" and "T"
(not active in "A").
10736 3-21
ALT0 030 / 030 00 : 33 : 06 3148N 03440E VEL 0 ALT0 030 / 030

P
30
OFF 30 60 90 120 180 240

CEN ↓ XXX ↑ TLT ↓ XXX ↑
P
OFF 30 60 90 120 180 240
- 30
STAB: GND 3148N 03440E 050 / 30.2 20 / 5 STAB: GND 3148
2. CLICK LEFT BUTTON 1. PONT AND CLICK R OR T

INCREASE OR DECREASE LEFT BUTTON
Figure 3-12. Define a Scan Sector
c. Blank Sector: The Blank Sector parameters are set at activation to the
last selected values. For first activation after power-on the parameters are:
Sector stabilization: "A" (ahead) Center: 000° Width: 0°. Define the blank
sector by selecting the required parameters:
• Sector stabilization method ("A", "R", "T")
• The required blank sector width
• Update the center by activating the ↑/↓ switches (The SEC/BLK field).
The active switch in sector stabilization and width group is Green; other
switches are Gray. Center control switches are Green only in "R" and "T"
(not active in "A").
d. Manual Tilt Control: Increase/decrease the required antenna elevation

(relative to horizon) by activating the ↑/↓ arrows. The command antenna
inertial elevation (relative to horizon) is displayed between the ↑/↓ arrows.
The default value at first activation after power up is 00°, and the last
selected value for subsequent activation.
3-22 10736
ALT0 030/ 030 00 : 33 : 06 3148N 03440E VEL0 ALT0 030/ 030
30
P
OFF 30 60 90 120 180 240
P
OFF 30 60 90 120 180 240
- 30
STAB: GND 3148N 03440E 050/ 30.2 20 / 5 STAB: GND 3148

CLICK LEFT BUTTON TO
INCREASE OR DECREASE
Figure 3-13. Changing the Antenna Elevation
Keyboard activation sequence is as follows:

a. Press "P" to activate of the following antenna control groups in the
Antenna Control area:
• Antenna Mode (HLT, SUP, SEC, BLK)
• Sector stabilization method (A, R, T)
• Sector width (OFF 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240)
• Center control (E and ↓ or ↑) or (E and xxx)
• Tilt control (L and ↓ or ↑) or (L and (xx or -xx))
The character used for activation is underlined.
b. Select the required option by pressing the underlined character for each.
The activation process is as defined in the previous section.
c. Press "E" for activation the center controls (↓ ,↑).
d. Press "L" for activation of antenna Tilt controls (↓ ,↑).
e. Press “M” for manual tilt or disactivate “M” four automatic tilt.
The ↓,↑ controls shall be underlined. The activation sequence is as defined in

the previous section.
10736 3-23
The operator can enter the numeric required value for the Center (CEN) and
for the Tilt angles using the keyboard. The Center limits are 000:359°. The Tilt
limits are calculated according to A/C pitch, nominal -30 to +10° (These values
can be further limited by physical antenna gimbals and antenna installation in
the A/C.
3.7.2 THRESHOLDS AREA CONTROLS

(See Figure 3-14)
J
GAIN M ↓ X ↑ X
CNT ↓ 1-4
↑
DTHD M ↓ X ↑
XMI HVL DLR CLT CLR
Threshold Area - G1
J
X X
HIST ↓ 1-4
↑ BAR ↓ 1-4 ↑
X
BND ↓ 1-4
↑
XMIT HVL CLT CLR
Threshold Area - G2
Figure 3-14. Threshold Area Controls
3-24 10736
Table 3-7 describes the Threshold area controls.
Table 3-7. Thresholds Area Controls
Control Description
GAIN The Gain softkeys control the radar Raw video display
brightness. The control can be defined as Manual or Auto.
If the “M” switch is active (green), the control is manual. If the
“M” switch is not active (gray), the control is automatic.
In manual mode the operator can define the gain (1-8).
In Auto mode the Gain is set by the radar to the default
value: 5. The gain step is 4.5DB. The GAIN value does not
affect the detection process. The default during Power-Up is
Auto.
DTHD Detection Threshold control affects the radar CFAR.
The control can be defined as Manual or Auto. If the “M”
switch is active (green), the control is manual. If the “M”
switch is not active (gray), the control is automatic. In manual
mode the operator can define the threshold (1-8). In Auto
mode the threshold is set automatically by the radar to default
value: 4. The default during Power-Up is Auto.
CNT The Contrast softkeys control the DBS/SAR map and ISAR
image contrast. The defined values are 1-4.
BAR The BAR number softkey is used to select the number of bars
for RWS TWS modes.
The possible values are 1,2,4. The maximum bars number is
limited according to the scan width: in 360°-1 bur, 180° and
240° 1 or 2 bur in other 1,2,4.
BND The BAND softkey is used to select required BAND.
The possible values are 1-4. (Applicable for A/A modes)
HIST The history softkey is used to select the history level.
The possible values are 1-4. (Applicable for RWS/TWS
mode). If scan width is 360°, the minimum history value is 2.
HVL The Target velocity threshold controls the detection targets.
This is toggle a switch. The possible values are LOW -55KT
(OFF) and HIGH -75KT (ON).
XMIT The transmission switch controls radar transmission.
CLR Clear plot target and RAW video.
CLT Clear plot track targets and RAW video.
10736 3-25
Table 3-7. Thresholds Area Controls (Cont.)
Control Description
This option is not operational and used for test

only. The switch color shall be RED while selected.
Verify to turning it OFF during operational flight.
DLR Disable Land Reject, used in SS and MTI modes. When this
option is switched on the color of the switch is RED and the
radar will report many false alarm targets while searching a
land area. Activation of this mode is done by clicking the
switch again (green). The default in Power-Up is “DLR OFF”
and the Land Reject process is active.
Use the trackball to point over the required control. The pointed control and
selected function color change (inverse video). Activation is performed by
pressing the trackball left button. Each activation of ↓/↑ decrease/increases
the value by 1.
Keyboard operation sequence:

a. Press J for threshold area.
b. Select the function by pressing the underlined character (I, D, C, X, V, T).
c. Select the required switch by pressing the character (↓,↑, M) underlined
after line selection.
3-26 10736
3.7.3 CLASSIFICATION AREA CONTROLS

(See Figure 3-15, Figure 3-16, Figure 3-17, Figure 3-18, Figure 3-19)
Q
Figure 3-15. Classification Area Controls
The classification area is active in G1 only. Table 3-8 describes the area
controls:
Table 3-8. Classification Area Controls
Control Description
RS Range Signature classification mode selection.
ISAR Inverse SAR classification mode selection.
MAG The Magnify softkey is applicable in modes RS and ISAR.
MSR The Measure softkey is applicable in modes RS and ISAR.
FZ The FREEZE (FZ) softkey is applicable in modes ISAR and
RS.
In ISAR it freezes the quadrant in which the tactical cursor is
pointed on. In RS it shall freeze the Range Signature window.
UFZ The UFZ softkey is applicable in modes ISAR and RS. It
cancels the FZ operation.
INTG The Integration Time softkey sets the integration time for
ISAR image production. The selection value is between 1-4
seconds.
RES The Resolution softkey sets the ISAR/RS image resolution to
1 or 3 meters.
WIN Active in RS mode. It is used to drag the RS window and
place its origin in any other point in the tactical area.
10736 3-27
Keyboard activation sequence is as follows:

a. Press "Q" to activate any one of the operations in the Classification area.
The character used for activation is underlined.
b. Select the required option by pressing the underlined character for each.
To select a “hooked target” for RS and ISAR Classification mode:

a. Switch to the tactical area by pressing the trackball right button.
b. Choose the required A/S tracked target by pressing the trackball left
button while the cursor is correlated with the required target. The target
color changes to yellow. This selection of a “hooked target” must be done
before the RS/ISAR classification mode activation.
E VEL0 ALT0 030/ 030 00 : 33 : 06 3148N 03440E VEL0 ALT0 030/ 030
30
RO1 RO1
- 30
STAB: GND 3148N 03440E 050/ 30.2 20/ 5 STAB: GND 3148N 03440
CORRELATE CURSOR AND

CLICK LEFT BUTTON
Figure 3-16. RS and ISAR Classification
3-28 10736
The ISAR classification mode is used to classify a sea TWS target. This mode
can be activated from SS and MTI modes.
The activation sequence is as follows:

a. Select a “hooked target” for ISAR classification mode or move the tactical
cursor to correlate with the required target.
b. Switch to the Classification Tool area using the trackball right button.
c. Select the ISAR key by “hooking” the key and pressing the trackball left
button. The ISAR switch color changes from Gray to Green (magenta
when pointed at).
d. The radar display is changed to 4 quadrants of 200x200 pixels each.
e. Exit ISAR by deselecting the ISAR key.
- 30
Figure 3-17. ISAR Classification
10736 3-29
The RS classification mode is activated in the background of SS or MTI

modes. The RS Image is updated once per 2 scans while the antenna is
crossing the target location. The activation sequence is as follows:
a. Select a “hooked target” for RS classification mode or move the tactical
cursor to correlate with the required target.
b. Switch to the Classification Tool area using the trackball right button.
c. Select the RS key by “hooking” the key and pressing the trackball left
button. The RS switch color changes from Gray to Green (magenta when
pointed at).
a. The RS image 200x100 pixels window appears on the tactical display.
This window overrides all other displayed information.
Measured length aspect

corrected in meters
Rxx Txxxm Mxxxm FRZ

30
Imaged target ID
Total length aspect RO1

corrected in meters
- 30
Figure 3-18. RS Classification
3-30 10736
RS window scales:
The RS window is divided to two scales:
• Major scale.
• Minor scale.
The major scale is divided to 25m for each scale line.
The minor scale is active only if image total length is less equal than 200m in
normal window and less equal than 400m in MAG window.
The minor scale divided the major scale to 5.
MAG process:
In ISAR classification mode:
a. Activate the tactical cursor.
b. Locate the cursor in the required ISAR quadrant.
c. Activate the menu cursor.
d. Select the MAG key using the trackball left button. The cursor returns to
the tactical area. Verify that all the four quadrants are frozen.
e. The selected quadrant is magnified to 400x400 pixels.
In RS classification mode:
a. Activate the menu cursor.
b. Select the MAG key and using the trackball left button. Verify that the
image window is frozen.
c. The RS Image window is magnified.
To cancel the Magnify - locate the MAG key and select using the trackball left
button. The RS Image window is not magnified.
To perform Freeze ISAR/RS image process do the following:

a. Activate the tactical cursor
b. Locate the tactical cursor in the required ISAR quadrant
c. Activate the menu cursor
10736 3-31
d. Select the FZ key and using the trackball left button

e. The selected quadrant on which the tactical cursor is pointed on is frozen
f. “FRZ” text appears at the top of the frozen quadrant.
a. Activate the menu cursor
b. Select the FZ key and select using trackball left button
c. The RS Image window is frozen
d. “FRZ” text appears at the top of the RS Image window.
To perform unfreeze ISAR/RS image process do the following:

a. Activate the tactical cursor
b. Locate the tactical cursor to the required ISAR quadrant
c. Activate the menu cursor
d. Locate the UFZ key and select using trackball left button
e. The selected quadrant is not frozen
f. The “FRZ” text disappears.
a. Activate the menu cursor
b. Locate the UFZ key and select using trackball left button
c. The RS Image window continues updating
d. The “FRZ” text shall disappears.
Image target deletion:

a. If Imaged target is deleted in RS then the RS Image window disappears.
b. In ISAR mode Imaged target cannot be deleted.
c. If Imaged target status is memory and it has to be deleted then the target
remains in memory status till the exit from ISAR.
3-32 10736
MSR process:
a. Freeze the required quadrant (ISAR mode) or RS window.
b. Locate the MSR key and select using trackball left button. The MSR
switch color changes from Gray to Green.
c. Verify that the cursor is automatically returned to the tactical area.
d. A measurement line (GREEN) appears automatically.
e. Locate the tactical cursor at the first required point inside the frozen RS or
ISAR image.
f. Press the left trackball button.
g. A second line appears.
h. Move the second line (using the trackball) to the required point and press
the left trackball button.
i. The measurement values will be displayed inside the image. The value
range is 000m to 1500m.
j. Verify that the “MSR” key color is set back to Gray, to notify process
completion.
k. To remove the measurement values from the display locate the cursor in
the quadrant or RS window and select the “MSR” key.
WIN activation:
In RS classification mode the operator can drag and move the RS window and
place it in any other point of the tactical area.
To drag the RS window do the following steps:
a. Select the WIN key by “hooking” the key and pressing the track-ball left
button. The WIN switch color changes from Gray to Green.
b. The RS window jumps to the tactical cursor position.
c. The cursor is automatically returned to the tactical area.
d. Drag the window within the tactical area by moving the tactical cursor and
place it in the required position.
e. Press the track-ball right button to fix the window.
f. The WIN switch color changed to Gray and the cursor control returned to
the menu area.
10736 3-33
Q
30 30
4. MOVE THE SECOND

1. SELECT MSR LINE TO THE REQUIRED -30
- 30
PART AND PRESS LEFT
TRACKBALL BUTTON
30 30
200
2. MOVE THE FIRST -30 - 30
LINE TO THE
REQUIRED POINT AND
PRESS LEFT
TRACKBALL BUTTON
TARGET SIZE MEASUREMENT

(METERS) LINES
Figure 3-19. Measurement Range
3-34 10736
3.7.4 F-SWITCHES AREA

(See Figure 3-20)
The following functions are controllable using the switches located in the
F-Switches area in the button of the screen:
• Display Functions that are not related to cursor position in the tactical
area:
− F2 - Freeze
− F3 - Declutter
− F7 - Range rings On/Off
− F10 - Video and symbols presentation filter (FIL)
− F11 - Declutter track targets (TRK)
− F12 - Select stabilization mode

• Display Functions related to cursor position in the tactical area:
− F6 - Vector (line draw)
− F8 - Free marker
− F9 - Center/Off-center
• Target control functions:

− F1 - ISR activation (ISR)
− F4 - Track targets operation (TWS)
− F5 - Target hostility designation (DSG)
The F-Switch area includes 12 softkeys. Each softkey can be selected by the
trackball by "hooking" it and activating the trackball left button, or from the
keyboard using the F1-F12 function key.
10736 3-35
Table 3-9 describes the F-Switches:
Table 3-9. F-Switches
Control Description
F1 ISR circle definition/deletion.
F2 Display freezes.
F3 Display Declutter.
F4 Track While Scan operation.
F5 Target threat designation.
F6 Vector draw (Static or Correlated).
F7 Range rings activation.
F8 Static marker positioning.
F9 Display center offset.
F10 Display filters (plots, raw video, both).
F11 Filter for TWS targets.
F12 Display stabilization mode selection.
TWA FRN CRL FRD RAW A/C
TWD NEU PLT REL
HOS
Figure 3-20. F-Switches Area
3-36 10736
3.7.4.1 F1 – ISR (Identification Safety Range)
ISR definition is used to define a threat circle around a surface TWS track
target or Free Marker (FRM). Up to 5 ISR circles can be defined
simultaneously on different tracks/FRM.
To perform ISR definition:

a. Switch to "F keys" area by the trackball right button.
b. Select the ISR key by "hooking" the key and pressing the trackball left
button. The ISR color changes from Gray to Magenta. The cursor is
automatically returned to the tactical area.
c. Locate the cursor over an A/S tracked target, or a free marker symbol and
select it, using the trackball left button.
d. Verify that the radar correlates the cursor position with the TWS file and
select the nearest track into the correlation window for ISR initiation. If no
track is found, a "No Correlation" message is displayed.
e. Move the cursor to the needed radius for the ISR circle. A drag line with
the radius range from the target to the current cursor position is displayed.
f. Press the trackball left switch. A circle is displayed around the target, with
the target color, at the last displayed radius range. The ISR range value is
displayed at the bottom of the circle. The cursor remains in the tactical
area, and the ISR switch color remains green.
g. To terminate the ISR definition process. Press the trackball right switch.
The cursor returns to the menu area and the ISR switch color returns to
gray.
In order to delete an ISR circle, activate the ISR switch as for initiation, locate
the cursor over the required target, and press <BACK > on the keyboard.
More than one ISR circle can be deleted. If no target is correlated with the
cursor location, a "No Correlation" message is displayed. The process is
terminated by activating the trackball right button.
10736 3-37
NOTE
For this procedure the trackball is not required.
Keyboard activation sequence:

a. Press F1 to select the ISR key.
a. Initiate/Delete ISR circles following the same process as described above,
using the trackball.
3.7.4.2 FRZ (Freeze) F2

(See Figure 3-21)
On function activation, the radar raw video displayed in the tactical area is
frozen. The radar continues to transmit, and all other information is updated,
including A/S tracked targets and new detected plots. While in Freeze, the
radar displays stabilization as if stabilized to ground with the same Up-vector.
The radar returns to the previous operation mode at exit from Freeze.
This function is activated by selecting the key labeled "FRZ" in the F-Switches
area using the trackball or "F2". A selecting "FRZ" a second time restores the
previous state and so on. Normal color is Gray; active is Green.
The function is applicable in modes: SS, WX, MTI, BCN, DBS, SAR, ISAR.
In ISAR it freezes all the four quadrants. While the tactical area is frozen,
“FRZ” text appears on the top of the tactical area.
3-38 10736
FRZ
VEL0 ALT0 030/ 030 00 : 33 : 06
20 / 5 STAB: GND 3148N 03440E 050/ 30.2

ISR F1 FRZ F2 DCL F3 TWS F4 TWS F4 DSG F5 VEC F6 RNG F7 FRM F8 CTR F9 FIL F10 TRK F11 STB F12
Figure 3-21. Freezing the Display
10736 3-39
3.7.4.3 DCL (Declutter) F3
When pointing at the "DCL" (Declutter) softkey in F-Switches area and

selecting by trackball left button; the following symbols are removed from the
radar display:
• Flight plan and way point (if existing)
• Scan/blank sector lines
• ISR circle(s)
• Vector (from line draw)
• Free marker symbol(s)
• Bird symbol
• Range rings
• Antenna elevation scale/sector/position.
The softkey toggles between "ON" and "OFF" status. The function is activated
by selecting the key labeled "DCL", using the trackball or keyboard "F3".
• Normal color is Gray (Declutter OFF)

• Activated is Green (Declutter ON).
Deactivation of DCL can be done in one of the following ways:

a. Press again on DCL while it is “ON”. The DCL switch color changes from
green to gray.
b. If ISR, VEC or FRM key is selected while DCL is active, the DCL function
is deactivated.
3-40 10736
3.7.4.4 TWS (Sea Track Targets Initialization/Rejection) F4

(See Figure 3-22, Figure 3-23, Figure 3-24)
Track target deletion:

This function enables the operator to select one of the following TWS
operations:
• TWS – Track target initialization process
• TWA – Track target area initialization process
• TWD – Track target rejection process.
Track Target Initialization process:

a. Switch to F-Switch area by trackball right button.
b. Select the TWS key by "hooking" the key and pressing the trackball left
button. Press the trackball right button to select initialization process.
The TWS switch color changes from Gray to Magenta (or Green when not
pointed at). The cursor returns to the tactical area.
c. Locate the cursor over a target plot or at raw video data correlated with a
plot, and select using the trackball left switch. Additional tracks can be
defined by locating the cursor at the required position and selecting by
trackball left switch.
d. The radar correlates the cursor position with the plot target file and selects
the nearest plot into a correlation window for track initiation. If no plot is
found, a "No Correlation" message is displayed. The correlation window is
±16 pixels around the cursor.
e. To terminate the TWS definition process, press the trackball right switch.
The cursor remains in the tactical area, and the TWS switch color returns
to Gray.
10736 3-41
RO1 RO1
AFTER TWO MINUTES
1. SELECT TWS
2. CORRELATE CURSOR WITH PLOT AND CLICK
LEFT BUTTON
Figure 3-22. Tracking One Target
Track target Area initialization process:

a. Select TWA key by “hooking” the key. Press the trackball right switch to
select TWA. Verify that the cursor is returned to the tactical area.
b. Locate the cursor over the area and select using the trackball left switch.
All the plot targets within a radius of 10NM around the cursor become
track targets.
RO4
RO4 RO3
RO3
RO1 RO1
RO2 RO2
AFTER TWO MINUTES

1. SELECT TWS
2. CORRELATE CURSOR WITH PLOT AND
CLICK LEFT BUTTON
Figure 3-23. Tracking Group of Targets
3-42 10736
There are three options for rejecting TWS targets:

a. Deletion from tactical area by trackball designation.
1) Select the TWS key by “hooking” the key and pressing trackball left
button three times. The cursor is returned to the tactical Area.
2)Locate the cursor over the required target and delete using the trackball
left button. More than one target can be rejected.
b. Deletion from tactical area using keyboard.
1) Reject TWS targets using KBD by activating the TWS switch as for
initiation. Locate the cursor over the required target, and press the
<BACK> key on the keyboard. More than one target can be rejected.
If no target is correlated with the cursor location, a “No Correlation”
message is displayed.
2) The process is terminated by the trackball right switch activation.
The radar retains and displays the target plot.
c. Deletion from Tote Area.
1) The TWS targets can be canceled also by selecting a target in the
Track list area with the cursor and pressing <BACK> on the keyboard.
This cancel option enables the operator to erase targets that are
outside the display area. The scroll function is activated if targets are
not displayed in the Track list area.
10736 3-43
RO1
ISR F1 FRZ F2 DCL F3 TWD F4
1. SELECT TWS
2. CORRELATE CURSOR WITH TARGET AND
CLICK LEFT BUTTON
Figure 3-24. Delete a Target
3.7.4.5 DSG (Sea Track Targets Designation) F5
The Track Targets Designation process is used to define a target threat.

The default for TWS targets is UNKNOWN, default color is white.
The operator can select one of the following definitions. The target color shall
be set according to target type:
• FRIENDLY - Blue
• NEUTRAL - Green
• HOSTILE - Red
3-44 10736
Perform the definition process as follows:

b. Select the DSG key by "hooking" the key and pressing trackball left
button. The DSG switch color changes from Gray to Green (Magenta
while pointed at). The label of the switch cyclically changes from
DSG → FRN → NEU → HOS. Select the required target type using the
trackball left switch. After selection, return to the tactical area by pressing
the trackball right switch.
c. Locate the cursor over a TWS target and select using trackball left switch.
Additional tracks can be designated by locating the cursor over the
required TWS target and selecting by trackball left switch.
a. The radar correlates the cursor position with the TWS file and selects the
nearest TWS target into the correlation window for track designation. If no
TWS is found a "No Correlation" message is displayed. The correlation
window is ±16 pixels around the cursor.
b. To terminate the designation process, press the trackball right switch.
The cursor remains in the tactical area, the switch color returns to Gray,
and the switch label returns to DSG.

• Select the DSG key using the F5 key. Select the required threat type
using F5.
• After selection press <ENTER> to jump to the tactical area.
• Designate tracks following the same process as before, using the
trackball.
10736 3-45
3.7.4.6 VEC (Vector) F6
There are two kinds of Vector draw operation:

• VEC: Vector - The line edge points are fixed points on surface.
• CRL: Correlated - The line edge points are correlated with the nearest
symbol (A/C, FRM, TWS target) within a defined window of ±16 pixels
around the cursor. If there is no correlation, the radar will display “No
correlation”.
At function activation, the radar draws a line between any two points on the
tactical display area. Only one line is supported. Default is "OFF". The VEC
function IS deactivated in Standby.
Activation sequence is:

b. Select the VEC key by "hooking" the key and pressing THE trackball left
button. The VEC switch color changes to Green. Toggle the switch
function between “VEC” anc “CRL” by pressing the trackball left button.
Select by pressing trackball right button. The cursor is returned to the
tactical area.
c. Locate the cursor at the required first point and press the trackball left
switch. A drag line from this origin point to the cursor current position is
displayed. The origin is marked by a filled circle. A box including Range
and Bearing is displayed near the line.
d. Locate the cursor at the required second point and press the trackball left
switch. The line second point is fixed. The VEC key color returns to Gray,
to show process completion.
Bearing and distance (from the first point to the second) is displayed in an
alphanumeric box near the vector that connects the first point to the second
point. The first point is knotted by a filled circle.
3-46 10736
Selecting the “VEC” key when the vector is “ON” cancels the line.
Selection using keyboard control:

a. Select the VEC key by pressing F6. Select the vector type by pressing F6,
and return to the tactical area by pressing <ENTER>.
b. The process is continued in the same steps as for trackball activation.
The color of the line, box and parameters is white.
c. In case of a correlated vector. If the correlated object lost the line edge,
points are set to the last known geographic point.
3.7.4.7 RNG (Range Rings) F7
Four range rings are displayed. In order to turn the range rings ON or OFF,
activate the RNG softkey in the F-Switches area. Any activation changes the
range rings display status ON toggles between OFF. Default at Power-up is
ON, range rings are not displayed. The switch color is GREEN for ON
(Range rings displayed), and GRAY for OFF (Range rings not displayed).
Trackball activation:
Activate the menu cursor, "hook" the RNG softkey and activate by trackball left
button. For keyboard activation select F7.
The ring brilliance is fixed at 30% of the maximum video brilliance available.
Default is "ON" (Green). "OFF" color is Gray.
The radar displays the range rings in all display stabilization and off-center
modes, including Zoom.
10736 3-47
3.7.4.8 FRM (Free Marker) F8
The function enables the operator to define free markers on the tactical
screen:
• FRM – Defines Free Marker
• FRD – Deletes Free Marker.
The markers’ alphanumeric data is displayed in the Free Marker Area.

The radar inertial stabilizes the markers on the radar display. Up to 10 markers
can be defined The markers’ ID are M1 to M10.
FRM definition process sequence:

b. Select the FRM key by "hooking" the key and pressing trackball left
button. The FRM switch color changes from Gray to Green. The cursor is
returned to the tactical area.
c. Place the cursor at the required free marker location and press the
trackball left switch. Additional free markers can be defined by locating the
cursor at the required position and selecting by trackball left switch.
d. To terminate the free marker definition process, press the trackball right
switch. The cursor remains in the tactical area, and the switch color
returns to Gray.
FRM deletion process sequence:

b. Select the FRD by “hooking” the trackball left switch toggling
FRM → FRD. Press the trackball right switch. The FRD switch color
changes from Gray to Green. The cursor is returned to the tactical area.
3-48 10736
a. Place the cursor at the required free marker for deletion and press
trackball left switch. The selected free marker is deleted. If no FRM is
found, the “No Correlation” message is displayed. The correlation window
is ±8 pixels around the cursor.
b. To terminate the deletion process, press the trackball right switch.
The switch color returns to Gray and the switch label returns to FRM.
Another way to cancel previously selected FRMs is by activating the FRM

switch as for activation, locating the cursor over the required marker, and
pressing <BACK> on the keyboard.
The markers can be canceled also by selecting a marker in the marker list
area with the cursor, and by pressing <BACK> on the keyboard. This cancel
option enables the operator to erase markers that are outside the display area.

a. Select the FRM key using F8. Select the FRM or FRD using F8.
b. After removing the selection, press <ENTER>. The cursor jumps to the
tactical area.
c. Define markers following the same process as before, using the trackball.
3.7.4.9 CTR (Display Origin Control) F9
The display origin defined as the A/C location is set by default at the center of
the tactical area. A different position for the origin can be defined. The new
origin is activated at cursor location. At deactivation the display origin returns
to the default location. When changing range scale while CTR is “ON”, the
display origin position is kept.
10736 3-49
Activate the sequence as follows:

b. Select the CTR key using the trackball left button. The CTR color changes
from Gray to Magenta. The cursor changes to ITT ( ) and returns to

the tactical area.
c. Place the cursor at the new center position and define the center using the
trackball left switch. The cursor remains in the tactical area. The process
can also be completed using the trackball right switch, in which case the
process is completed and the menu cursor becomes active.
d. To deactivate, select CTR while the display is in the Off-Center mode
(toggle activation). The display returns to Centered mode (The A/C
located at display center). The cursor remains in the control area.
The switch color returns to Gray.

a. Select the CTR key using F9.
b. Place the cursor at the required center and press the trackball left switch.
The cursor remains in the tactical area. The process can also be
completed using the trackball right switch in order to return to the control
area.
3.7.4.10 FIL (Video and Symbols Presentation) F10
The operator can select for presentation either or both of the following video
sources:
• Raw video - radar returns before plot extraction
• Plots (synthetic representation of the output from the extraction
processing).
3-50 10736
Selection is performed by the FIL softkey located in the F-Switch area/select

the FIL softkey using the trackball or by keyboard F10 key. The following
option are selected in a cyclic manner:
• FIL (Gray): display plots and raw data
• RAW (Green): display only raw data
• PLT (Green): display only plots.
The default for video selection at power up is FIL.
3.7.4.11 TRK (Track Targets Presentation) F11
The operator can remove the track (TWS) targets from the radar display.
Default is Track ON.
Selection is performed by activation of the TRK (Tracks) softkey in F-Switches
area, by the trackball or by keyboard F11. The switch label is Constant TRK;
only the switch color is changed.
The switch enables cyclic selection between the options:

• ON (Gray): display TWS targets.
• OFF (Green): remove TWS targets from radar display.
Activation of the ISR, TWS, DSG or VEC softkey, restores the TRK display
and the TRK softkey toggles from Green to Gray.
The TWS symbol is replaced by an empty plot symbol with the same color.
The track files remain until dropped or deleted.
10736 3-51
3.7.4.12 STB (Display Stabilization) F12
This function enables the operator to select one of the following display
stabilization modes:
• GND - Ground stabilization. Up-vector is north. Display center is located at
a fixed ground position this is. Default is normal stabilization method.
• REL - Stabilization relative to A/C heading. Up-vector is A/C heading.
Center is A/C position.
• A/C - Stabilization relative to north. Up-vector is north. Center is at aircraft
position.
Selection is performed by activation of the STB (Stabilization) function in the

F-Switches area by the trackball or by keyboard F12. The switch toggles
between the following options:
• GND (Gray) : Ground stabilization (normal)
• REL (Green): Relative to A/C stabilization
• A/C (Green): Relative to North stabilization
At Power-Up, the default is STB.
3-52 10736
3.8 DISPLAY AREAS ACTIVATION
3.8.1 TRACK/FRM LIST AREA
The operator can select one of the following lists:

• Track list.
• Free marker list.
The Operator can toggle between the lists using the “F” switch. When the “F”
switch is not selects the track list is displayed, When the “F” switch is selected,
the free marker list is displayed.
3.8.1.1 Track List Area
The Track List area includes alphanumeric information for TWS (Track)
targets. Up to eight targets data may be displayed in a scroll area.
The operator can scroll up or down by selecting the up or down arrows
symbols and Display LON/LAT using next switch. The targets are sorted using
target ID field. The track list contains the following information for each target:
• ID: Track number (radar R01 – R001) The target line color is set according
to target threat.
• B/D: Track relative position – bearing (degrees) relative to north and
distance (NM).
• C/S: Track course and speed – course (degrees) relative to north and
speed (Knots).
• Q: Track quality (5 to 0).
• S: Track status (I:Initiation, T:Track, M:Memory).
• ↑: Scroll up.
• ↓: Scroll down.
• LAT/LON: Track position.
10736 3-53

a. Select the "Track List" area by pressing "N" and “N” again.
b. Scroll up or down by pressing "↑" or "↓" arrows on the keyboard.
c. The selected track can be deleted by using the <BACK TAB> key.
Tracks are displayed in the Track list area, in all states/modes, while tracks are
active. If target update is suspended (i.e. STBY), memory track remains
active.
3.8.1.2 Free Marker Area

a. Select the "Free Marker list" area by pressing "N" and “F”.
b. Scroll up or down by pressing "↑" or "↓" arrows in the keyboard.
c. The selected free marker in the area is highlighted with a brown
background and can be deleted by using the <BACK> key.
3-54 10736
3.9 MAINTENANCE BIT (MBIT) ACTIVATION
NOTE
The MBIT function enables the operator to

view the aircraft data and various radar data.
No maintenance activities are to be performed
by the operator.
a. The MBIT functions includes:

• Radar test selection
• Interfaces monitoring
• Display of the radar system software version
• Radar error log file management, read and display (MFL -
Maintenance Fault List)
• Misalignment data insertion
b. MBIT control menu is activated by selecting the MBT switch in the Mode &
State area or from the keyboard by pressing the following characters
simultaneously:
<CTRL+N>.
In case of activation MBIT under fail state the activation is done only by
keyboard.
The TX, SBY and IBT switches color are gray.
The radar displays in the tactical area the antenna symbol and the following
menu:
MBIT (header, color - red)
RDR TEST
INTERFACE
S/W VER
MFL
MISALIGN
EXIT
10736 3-55
c. When pointing on the required switch the background color changes

(Inverse video). When activating the track-ball left switch a secondary
state menu is displayed for RDR_TEST, INTERFACE and MFL options as
pull-down menu. On EXIT option selection the menu is closed and the
radar returns to Stand-by. On TX switch activation on the Mode & State
area the radar exits from MBIT and activates the last selected mode.
d. For keyboard activation select the underlined character.
3.9.1 RDR-TEST
On RDR-TEST selection the following sub-menu is displayed, in order to

select one of the radar tests:
RDR TEST
INTERFACE INJECT
S/W VER TX
MFL ANTENNA
MISALIGN COMB
EXIT MDS
FIO
GIM
CW
EXIT
The operator selects a test or performs EXIT at completion. Selection is

performed by the track-ball (locating the cursor on the required line and
pressing track-ball left switch) or by keyboard (pressing the underlined
character).
3-56 10736
Following is a brief description of each test:
• INJECT - RF injection of a fixed target at the antenna unit.

• TX- Transmission test. The radar transmits according to WOW status.
• ANTENNA - Antenna control test
• COMB - Combined video and display test. 15 scales of gray are displayed.
Operator can decide if pass or fail.
• MDS - Minimum Detectable Signal test.
• FIO - FIO channel test.
• GIM - Antenna gimbals limits test.
• CW - Carrier Wave injection test
3.9.1.1 RDR Test Display
a. For each test listed above, except MDS and COMB test, the display is:
• Number of retries (test activations): xx
• Number of fails: yy
b. The display for MDS test is:

• Number of retries: xx
− MDS: MDS value
− Cable attn: cable attenuation value
− LEA LEA value
c. The display for COMD test is shown in Figure 3-25.
10736 3-57
EL/M 2022 A(V) 2

MPR
Figure 3-25. COMB Test Display
3.9.2 INTERFACE TESTS
On INTERFACE selection the following sub-menu is displayed, in order to

select one of the radar interface value display.
The operator selects a test or performs EXIT at completion.
RDR TEST
INTERFACE DISCRETE
S/W VER INS
MFL EXIT
MISALIGN
EXIT
3-58 10736
a. DISCRETE - Display input discrete values in the following format:
• DISCRETE
− RDR-ON/OFF : ON/OFF
− WOW : IN-AIR/ON-GROUND
b. INS - Display navigation data and status (Depending on INS data) in the
following format (for example):
• INS_STAT VALID/NOT-VALID
• DATA_STAT VEL=VALID/NOT-VALID, ALT=VALID/NOT-VALID
• ATT=VALID/NOT-VALID, D_HEAD=VALID/NOT-VALID
• D_ROLL=VALID/NOT-VALID,D_PITCH=VALID/NOT- VALID
REF_TIME: HH:MM:SS xxxxxxxxH

VEL_NORTH=xx (Meter/Sec) xxxxxxxxH
VEL_EAST=xx (Meter/Sec) xxxxxxxxH
VEL_DOWN=xx (Meter/Sec) xxxxxxxxH
ALT: xxxx (Meter) xxxxxxxxH
LAT_DEG: xx:xx:xx N/S xxxxxxxxH
LON_DEG: xxx:xx:xx E/W xxxxxxxxH
ROLL: xxx (Degree) xxxxxxxxH
PITCH: xxx (Degree) xxxxxxxxH
TRUE_HEAD: xxx (Degree) xxxxxxxxH
MAGNETIC_HEAD: xxx (Degree) xxxxxxxxH
GROUND_TRACK: XXX (Degree) xxxxxxxxH
FOM: XXX xxxxxxxxH
Each word displayed in HEX format too.
10736 3-59
3.9.3 S/W VERSION
The radar displays the current software version of the radar system in the
tactical area until next MBIT selection, using the following format:
• SOFTWARE VERSION: RPU
3.9.4 MFL
On MFL selection the following sub-menu is displayed in order to select one of

the Maintenance Fault List operations.
The operator selects an operation or performs EXIT at completion.
RDR TEST
INTERFACE
S/W VER
MFL DISPLAY
MISALIGN NEXT
EXIT PREV
CLEAR
EXIT
a. DISPLAY - Start to display MFL data in the tactical area (First page), in
the following format:
# S LRU_N TEST_NAME A-TIME D-TIME

xx W xx RP:RDP,RCP, .. HH:MM HH:MM
F RSP,VSG,FER,
N ANT,SYS,DAU
TX
3-60 10736
Where:
# = Serial number
S = Severity
W = Warning
N = Normal (closed)
F = Fail
A = MFL open time
D = MFL close time
TST = Test
LRU_N = LRU Name
• NEXT - Display next MFL page up to the last one, and after that back to
the first.
• PREV - Display previous MFL page up to the first one (scrolling).
• CLEAR - Clear MFL file. The Clear command requires operator
confirmation in order to be performed. The radar displays a confirmation
window:
OK
CANCEL
NOTE
• At the end of the MFL list the radar

displays:
At the end of the MFL list the radar
displays:
"---END OF MFL FILE---"
• When the file is empty the radar displays:

“MFL FILE IS EMPTY"
10736 3-61
• The total number of MFLs in the file is 254.

When the MFL list is full, the oldest MFL is
overwritten.
3.9.4.1 MFL Codes
3.9.4.1.1 MFL - LRU ID: SYSTEM
MFL NAME MFL NUMBER PFL NAME

SYS ANTF AZ R TO D 3 FAIL
SYS ANTF EL R TO D 4 FAIL
SYS VSWR ANTF 6 NONE
SYS INS DATA 7 INS
SYS ACK MISMATCH 8 NONE
SYS ACK TIMEOUT 9 NONE
SYS PWR ANTF 11 FAIL
SYS INS POS DATA 16 INS
SYS SYNCHRO 17 NONE
ANGLES
SYS MONCAL TEST 18 MONCAL
SYS NF 19 NONE
SYS TGT INJ 20 DETECT
SYS_FEF_CW_INJ 12 NONE
SYS_REC_CW_INJ 13 NONE
3-62 10736
3.9.4.1.2 MFL - LRU ID: FER

FEF_CW INJ SIG 1 NONE
FEF_PS 4 DETECT
FEF_BIT 5 NONE
FEF_DETECT SIG 6 NONE
FEF_NAGC NF 8 DETECT
FEF_INJ SIG 9 DETECT
FEF_INJ DELTA 10 DETECT
FEF_NAGC LO1 11 DETECT
FEF_CW INJ DEL 12 NONE
FEF_DETECT 13 NONE
DEL
FEF_NF SIG 14 NONE
FEF_NF_LO1 15 NONE
3.9.4.1.3 MFL - LRU ID: DAU
MFL NAME MFL PFL NAME

NUMBER
DAF_OVERHEAT 2 HEAT
DAF_PWM 4 FAIL
DAF_WIND CNTRL VOLT 5 FAIL
DAF_WIND MAIN VOLT 6 FAIL
DAF_STATUS WORD 7 FAIL
DAF_NO PWM BIT 9 NONE
10736 3-63
3.9.4.1.4 MFL - LRU ID: ANTENNA

NUMBER
ANTF_AZ DRV OVRELOAD 1 FAIL
ANTF_AZ MOTOR OVRHT 2 FAIL
ANTF_AZ MOTOR UNBLNC 3 FAIL
ANTF_AZ SHORT 4 FAIL
ANTF_EL DRV OVRELOAD 5 FAIL
ANTF_EL MOTOR OVRHT 6 FAIL
ANTF_EL MOTOR UNBLNC 7 FAIL
ANTF_EL SHORT 8 FAIL
ANTF_ MOVE TOO FAST 11 FAIL
ANTF_ MOVE TOO SLOW 12 FAIL
ANTF_NUM 1 13 NONE
ANTF_NUM 2 14 NONE
ANTF_NUM 3 15 NONE
ANTF_NUM 4 16 NONE
ANTF_NUM 5 17 NONE
ANTF_NUM 6 18 NONE
ANTF_NUM 7 19 NONE
ANTF_NUM 8 20 NONE
ANTF_NUM 9 21 NONE
ANTF_NUM 10 22 NONE
3.9.4.1.5 MFL - LRU ID: TX

TX_ BRIDGE INVERTER 1 FAIL
TX_ CATHODE WINDOW 2 FAIL
TX_ COLD ALARM 3 FAIL
TX_ COLL 1 OVERVOLT 4 FAIL
TX COMM 5 FAIL
TX_ GRID INHIBIT STAT 6 FAIL
3-64 10736

TX_ HEATER 7 FAIL
TX_ HELIX 8 FAIL
TX_ HVB OVERTEMP 9 HEAT + FAIL
TX_ LVCU OVERTEMP 12 HEAT + FAIL
TX_ LVPS 13 FAIL
TX_ MODULATOR BIT 14 FAIL
TX_ POST REGTR VOLT 15 FAIL
TX_ RFU OVERTEMP 16 HEAT + FAIL
TX_ SERIES LOOP 17 FAIL
TX_ SYNC STATUS 18 NONE
TX_ SWITCH REGUL 19 FAIL
TX_ SYNC PULSE 20 FAIL
TX_ TWT PRESS SWITCH 21 ALTH
TX_ VSWR 23 FAIL
TX_ NOT READY 25 FAIL
TX_ RF OUT 26 DETECT
TX_ POWER FAIL 28 FAIL
TX_ RP TIMEOUT 29 FAIL
TX_ RF IN 30 DETECT
TX_ PWR FAIL 31 FAIL
TX_TX_PWR_FAIL 31 FAIL
TX_CATHODE_OVERVOL 10 FAIL
T
3.9.4.1.6 MFL - LRU ID: RP – RDP

NUMBER
RDP_ INIT TPM 1 FAIL
RDP_ BULK IMU MEM 3 NONE
RDP_ CONFIG 4 MCNF
MISMATCH
RDP_ VER 5 MVER
MISMATCH
10736 3-65

NUMBER
RDP_ GLBL MEM 7 FAIL
RDP_ MBI DPR 9 NONE
RDP_ FIL LOAD TO 11 SEA
RAM
RDP_ REPORT MEM 15 NONE
RDP_ RTC 16 NONE
RDP_ FWD ANT ON 19 FAIL
RDP_ FWD ANT OFF 20 FAIL
RDP_ TX ON 21 FAIL
RDP_ TX OFF 22 FAIL
RDP_ RP PWR 23 RCVR
RDP_ RP SW PS 24 FAIL
RDP_ RP TEMP 25 HEATEW
RDP_ COMM RCP 26 RCVR + FAIL
RDP_ COMM RSP 27 RCVR + FAIL
RDP_ COMM VSG 28 SYMBOL + FAIL
RDP_ COMM 1553 30 INS
RDP_ ACK RCP 32 RCVR + FAIL
RDP_ RP DEPS 33 NONE
EXAM
RDP_ RSP INIT 34 FAIL
RDP_ VSG INIT 35 SYMBOL + FAIL
RDP_ VSG MEM 36 SYMBOL
RDP_ RSP MEM 37 NONE
RDP_ RSP 38 NONE
HANDSHAKE
RDP_ WOW 41 NONE
RDP_ RP FIO 42 NONE
RDP_ INJ 44 NONE
RDP_ INJ SIG 45 NONE
RDP_ NF DEL 46 NONE
RDP_ INJ LO1 47 NONE
RDP_ INJ LO2 48 NONE
RDP_ INJ PLL 49 NONE
3-66 10736

NUMBER
RDP_ NF SIG 51 NONE
RDP_ NO COOLING 52 NONE
RDP_ CPU 72 FAIL
REGISTERS
RDP_ PIC PIT 73 FAIL
RDP_ NMI 75 FAIL
WATCHDOG
RDP_ NMI TIMOUT 76 FAIL
RDP_ UART 77 NONE
RDP_ LOGN INIT 78 FAIL
RAM
RDP_ NPX 81 FAIL
RDP_ TIMOUT NMI 82 FAIL
RDP_ INT SW 84 FAIL
WATCHDOG
RDP_ WATCHDOG 86 FAIL
NMI
RDP_ SW 87 FAIL
EXCEPTION
RDP_ GEN SW 88 FAIL
PROBLEM
RDP_ RDC GENERAL 89 FAIL
FLT
RDP_ NPX 91 FAIL
EXCEPTION
RDP_ MONCAL 94 MONCAL
RDP_ RESTART 96 NONE
RDP_ RECOV AFTER 97 RCVR
FAIL
RDP_ POWER UP 98 NONE
RDP_ RDP_MDS 95 NONE
RDP_INS_CONFIG_IN 2 INS
VALID
10736 3-67
3.9.4.1.7 MFL - LRU ID: RP – RCP

NUMBER
RCP_INIT TPM 1 NONE
RCP_5 MSEC TIMING 2 FAIL
RCP_SMC WATCHDOG 3 FAIL
RCP_LPRF ADPCF DC OF 6 NONE
RCP_LPRF ADPCF NAGC 9 NONE
RCP_LPRF NF 15 NONE
RCP_LPRF OSC MO 16 NONE
RCP_REC CW INJ SIG 17 NONE
RCP_LO2 19 NONE
RCP_LPRF SYNTH CHKSM 21 NONE
RCP_SYNTH PWR 22 NONE
RCP_SYNTH STTL TIME 23 NONE
RCP_TIMING TST 1 28 NONE
RCP_MBIO DAU PWM 44 NONE
RCP_MBIO FRONT 47 NONE
RCP_MBIOF MISMAT 50 NONE
RCP_MBIOF PWM TST 52 NONE
RCP_RECEIVER COM 55 NONE
RCP_DDS STAT 56 NONE
RCP_MISS PULSE FAIL 57 NONE
RCP_REC DETEC SIG 58 NONE
RCP_SAT ADPCF FAIL 59 NONE
3-68 10736

NUMBER
RCP_DC NAGC 64 NONE
RCP_RCP_TX_ATN_SAT 65 NONE
RCP_NAGC LO1 66 NONE
RCP_RECDETECT DEL 67 NONE
RCP_NAGC ZERO NOISE 68 DETECT
RCP_TX_RF_IN_OUT 69 FAIL
RCP_CPU REGISTERS 72 FAIL
RCP_PIC PIT 73 FAIL
RCP_NMI WATCHDOG 75 FAIL
RCP_NMI TIMOUT 76 FAIL
RCP_UART 77 NONE
RCP_LOGN INIT RAM 78 FAIL
RCP_NPX 81 NONE
RCP_INT SW WATCHDOG 84 NONE
RCP_WATCHDOG NMI 86 NONE
RCP_SW EXCEPTION 87 RCVR + FAIL
RCP_GEN SW PROBLEM 88 FAIL
RCP_RECS CW INJ DEL 89 NONE
RCP_LINEAR PS FAIL 90 DETECT
RCP_NPX EXCEPTION 91 RCVR + FAIL
RCP_LOW PWR CW INJ 94 NONE
RCP_IMU INTERFACE 95 IMU
RCP_TIMING_TST_8 9 NONE
RCP_TRLA 70 NONE
RCP_NF_LO1 79 NONE
10736 3-69
3.9.4.1.8 MFL - LRU ID: RP –RSP

NUMBER
RSP_FULL QUE 1 RCVR + FAIL
RSP_TIME TAG ERR 2 NONE
RSP_SHORT PROC 3 NONE
RSP_CHECKSUM 4 NONE
RSP_LOST LONG 5 NONE
RSP_VIDEO WRITE 6 VIDEO
RSP_VIDEO READ 7 VIDEO
RSP_VIDEO 8 VIDEO
TRANSMIT
RSP_FIO DATA 9 NONE
RSP_PE DATA 10 NONE
TIMEOUT
RSP_RDP ACK 11 NONE
MISSING
RSP_COMM 12 NONE
RSP_RSP PE0 13 FAIL
RSP_ PE1 14 FAIL
RSP_ PE2 15 FAIL
RSP_PE3 16 FAIL
RSP_GPIO 17 FAIL
RSP_INIT 18 FAIL
3-70 10736
3.9.5 TROUBLESHOOTING RECOMMENDATION
a. Track the failure and verify that it is persistent. If not, you may continue
operation. Inform the MPR technician after flight about all failures.
b. If the failure is in warning level, you may ignore the failure. Pay attention to
the fact that it may cause degradation in the MPR operation.
c. Perform a Short Initialization using the Reset button on the ROB or by
turning the Radar off for a period of less then 10 sec and then On again.
d. Perform a Long Initialization using turning off the RADAR for more then
10 sec.
e. Check the MFL for the failure type – verify that interface channels and
WOW switch are operating properly.
3.9.6 MISALIGN
On MISALIGN selection the following sub-menu are displayed, in order to

display the actual misalignment data and to insert new values.
RDR TEST
INTERFACE
S/W VER
MFL
MISALIGN ROLL: +xx.xx
EXIT PITCH: +xx.xx
HEAD: +xx.xx
EXIT
• ROLL – Angular bias in roll between antenna y-axis to plane y-axis, while
the antenna is in 0,0 position. Positive direction: clockwise about A/C
x-axis.
• PITCH – Angular bias in pitch between antenna 0,0 direction to A/C ADL.
Positive direction: clockwise about A/C up axis.
10736 3-71
• HEADING – Angular bias in yaw between the antenna 0,0 direction to A/C
ADL. Positive direction: clockwise about A/C z-axis.
The ROLL value can be entered from the keyboard by selecting the field – “R”
and by typing sign (+,-) and 4 digits (00.00 to 99.99 miliradians).
To complete the keyboard definition type <RETURN>. To cancel the keyboard

operation type <ESC>. To erase a digit during the definition process type
<BACK TAB>.
The PITCH value can be entered from the keyboard by selecting the field – “T”
and by typing sign (+,-) and 4 digits (00.00 to 99.99 miliradians).

<BACK TAB>.
The HEADING value can be entered from the keyboard by selecting the field –
“H” and by typing sign (+,-) and 4 digits (00.00 to 99.99 miliradians).
The current position in the field is displayed by underline bar.

<BACK TAB>.
The operator shall select one of the values: ROLL, PITCH, HEADING or
perform EXIT at completion.
3-72 10736

MPR Operator Handbook: Maritime Patrol Radar System Manual

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MPR Operator Handbook: Maritime Patrol Radar System Manual

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MARITIME PATROL RADAR

RESTRICTION ON USE, DUPLICATION, OR

APRIL 2002 PUB 10736

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

Dates of issue for original and changed pages are:

Original . . . 0 . . . 1 March 2001

TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES IN THIS PUBLICATION IS 150, CONSISTING OF THE FOLLOWING:

* Zero in this column indicates an original page.

Record of Changes and Revisions

Document Date Title & Description Date Name/

WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES

An operating procedure, practice and so forth,

An operating procedure, practice and so forth,

“CAUTION contains parts and assemblies susceptible to damage by

Para. Title Page

CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL DESCRIPTION

1.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 MPR GENERAL DESCRIPTION .................................................................. 1-1

1.3 MPR MODES OVERVIEW ........................................................................... 1-5

1.4 MPR SPECIFICATION.................................................................................. 1-7

1.5 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ........................................................................... 1-12

CHAPTER 2 - FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

2.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 MPR FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION............................................................. 2-1

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)

Para. Title Page

2.5 COOLING.................................................................................................... 2-17

CHAPTER 3 - PINCIPLES OF OPERATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)

Para. Title Page

3.5 USING TRACKBALL AND KEYBOARD ....................................................... 3-4

Figure Title Page

1-1 MPR System General View........................................................................... 1-2

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Cont.)

Figure Title Page

3-4 Radar State Controls..................................................................................... 3-8

Table Title Page

1-1 MPR Components Description ...................................................................... 1-3

PURPOSE AND USE

HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL

ARRANGEMENT OF THIS MANUAL

CHAPTER 1 – GENERAL DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER 2 - FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER 3 - MPR PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

1.2 MPR GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Maritime Patrol Radar (MPR) supports aircraft Air-to-Sea missions and

Figure 1-1. MPR System General View

1.2.1 MAJOR SYSTEM COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

Table 1-1 describes the MPR components:

Table 1-1. MPR Components Description

Component Location Description

Figure 1-2. MPR Major Components

1.3 MPR MODES OVERVIEW

1.3.1 MPR MODES OPERATION

1.3.1.1 Air To Air (A/A) Mode

1.3.1.2 Air to Sea (A/S) Mode

d. Beacon (BCN) Mode - Enables interrogation of search and rescue (SAR)

1.4 MPR SPECIFICATION

- Roll angle: ±30°

1.4.1 DETECTION CONDITIONS

The radar detects surface targets from a minimum range of 2.5NM.

1.4.1.1 Surface Surveillance (SS) Mode Definition Range