Elneelain university

faculty of medicine
collection of forensic exams
collected by:
Khalid Hassan elshawali
written by :
Ghada mekki rahama
(Batch 13)
Exam 1

Q1 :
1- Define forensic medicine . write on it's different domain and what are the conditions
important for practicing it ?
2- A bruise and postmortem lividity,compare and contrast them ?
3- Talk about dying declaration ?
i. Cadaveric spasm and rigor mortis compare and contrast them ?
ii. The certain and uncertain sign of drowning ?
Q2:
Write short note on :
1- Rape, virginity, and defloration?
2- The fix characteristic of firearm injuries?

section B:
choose the best answer there is only one correct answer in each question

1- An abrasion
a) Sometimes it's a wound with serious complication
b) It heals completely not more than two weeks
c) It's always associated with lividity
d) It may be one of the characteristic of a gun inlet
e) It's a collection of blood beneath a relatively normal skin
2- Livor-mortis
a) sometimes it may occurs in the living
b) it's similar to contused wound especially in the scalp
c) it has got different color
d) it heals complete within two weeks
e) it may be one of the sign which are uncertain for the drowning

exam (2)

elneelain university
2006
Section A :-

1 - THE FOWLOWING FACTOR MAY AFFECT RIGOR MORTIS

a) the environmental temperature

b) the muscle bulk

c) sever bleeding ,just before death

d) the age of deceased

e) the muscle activity just before death

2- putting into consideration hair dye poisoning :

a) it may case blindness

b) it's original color is black
c) it consider as the main cause of suicidal death in men in Sudan
d) it's of herbal origin
e) the lethal dose is 10 mg

3-which of the following is a cause of sudden death

a) rupture ectopic pregnancy

b) electricusion
c) gunshot injury
d) road traffic accident
e) stab wound of the chest

4- regarding cot death the following are true except

a) it's the most important cause of violent death in children
b) it's common in age four months – two years
c) the tongue is invariably bitten between teeth
d) it's more common in premature children
e) the most mortem finding in it are always not specific

5- the following are post-mortem finding in hanging

a) lividity in the back

b) the abrasion around the neck usually form acoplete circle
c) the tongue is invariably bitten between teeth
d) the face could be pale r congested
e) the aorta stain in red

toxicology :

Q1:

a) Define the following:

1- medicine 2- poisons 3- narcotics

4-toxicology 5- the right dose

b) mention 5 aspect which which toxicology deals ?

Q2:

a) Write about the poisons list

b) Writ and explain the (paracelsus theory)

Q3:

a) mention five poising which can be used as human medicine and the disease which they
treat
b) mention three poisons which can never become medicine and mention the mechanism of
poisons of one of them

Q4:

a) what is the medical definition of narcotic and psychotropic ?

b) match between word in list (A) and (B)

A B
1- Extremely toxic Neu rotoxic
 2- Corrosives Ar row poisons
3- Paralytic Hallucinogens
4- Irritant St imulats
5- Scorpionism Arsenic
6- The right dose Sulpheric acid (conc)
7- Morphine Depressants
8- Cocaine 1mgorless/kg b.wt
9- Banngo Paracelsus
10- Sudan medical council poison list

Question 5:

Write true or false after the following statements :

1- all substances are poisons

2- vomiting is essential for all type of poison
3- some chemical can become medicine
4- hair is not a criminal evidence in rap case
5- every poison has antidote
6- all poison cause hyperthermia
7- all chemical affect the CNS
8- psychotropic do not affect the CNS
9- narcotic have no pleasurable effect

exam (3)
Omdurman Islamic university

section A :choose the best answer :-

1- the following about forensic medicine are true except ?
a) it's branch of medicine
b) it is called medical jurisprudence
c) to practice it you have to be authorized one of the objective it is to acquire the necessary
knowledge about it
d) it means discussing the dead body to know the cause of the death . the mechanism of the
death the manner of the death and the time of the death

2- the following is invariably prohibited to doctor?

a) drug addiction
b) doing abortion
c) breaching patient confidentiality
d) practicing medicine at the private climate practicing other business in their spare time
3- the following about death are true except ?
a) generally speaking autopsy is not necessary if the cause of death is known
b) the cause of death is the direct lesion which lead to death whether traumatic pathological,
or poisons
c) the mechanism of death is a physiological process which lead to death
d) the manner of death means the circumstances of death whether suicidal ,homicidal ,
accidental or non determine
e) to find the pathological cause of the death an autopsy should be done

4- an abrasion
a) is a serious type of injury
b) it affect the epidermis dermis, the subcutaneous tissue
c) one of its cause is the firearm
d) in most cases it lead to death due to tetanus or anthrax
e) it is one of the characteristic of the outlet

5- one of the following is a cause of death ?

a) stab wound of the heart
b) firearm wound
c) road traffic accident
d) throttling
e) pulmonary embolism

6- the following are duties of the doctor upon death except ?

a) conveying the dying declaration
b) confirmation of death
c) issuing a death certificate
d) to be on the alert to raise any suspicion about such a death
e) to give an order to do autopsy if needed

7- the following concerning the examination of the raped are true except?
a) the doctor should find if there is evidence of recent sexual intercourse
b) the doctor should find if there is evidence of previous sexual intercourse
c) the doctor should find If there is evidence of violence in the body as hole
d) sample of blood should be taken for drugs poison and alcohol
e) the doctor should mention the word of "rape" clearly in his report

8- the following concerning asphyxia are true except?

a) of its known causes are hepatic and renal frailer
b) one of the signs are general congestion of the body and increase fluidity of the blood
c) one of the sign of the third phase of it is chying stokes breathing
d) of it is known sign are petechial hemorrhage and effusion in the serious sacs
e) the colour of the blood in it is invariably deep blue

9- the following are true concerning the investigation done on bodies after death except :
a) the level of glucose should be measure from the aqueous hummer
b) the level of glucose could be measure from the CSF
c) the diagnosis of septicemia could be confirmed by taking a sample from the spleen
d) hair dye could be confirmed by doing special test of the urine
e) the level of glucose could be measure from the blood

10- the following regarding burns are true except ?

a) one of it known causes physical injuries
b) grade one burn is in the form of blister
c) one of its known complication is GIT bleeding
d) the level of glucose could be measure from the blood

Khartoum university

2000 may

Section A :

1- write briefly about the expected head injury in car accident

2- disputes among doctor
3- role of blood group in forensic medicine
4- medical negligence on the part of
a) pharmacist
b) midwife
c) anesthetist

section B :

answer both question

1- sources and effect of opium

2- how would you deal with a comatose suspected to be poisoned

‫جامعة الخرطوم‬
 7 2005 ‫فبراير‬

section A :-
answer all question
1- injuries to car drivers in road traffic accident and different types of seatbelts ?
2- mention 3 change that occur after death and show how each of them can help to
determine the time of death ?
3- definition and recognition of death – discuss death certification and its medico-legal
importance ?

section B :-
answer all question
1- the value of examination of the pupils in cases of poisoning
2- chronic lead poisoning
3- atropine overdose : effect ,diagnosis ,management.

Khartoum university

10/6/2001

Section A :

Answer all question :

1- a massive blast affected one of the foreign embassies lead to severe death and
injuries ,explain your role as doctor ?

2- security officer was shot by a pistol .controversial story loomed in the media , explain how
can you differentiate between suicidal and self defense injuries ?

section B :

1- write an essay about doctors duties in cases of poisoning ?

2- write short notes on all of the following
a) arsenic poisoning
b) hydrocyanic acid versus cyanide poisoning
c) hair dye poisoning

3- an Egyptian air liner with 300 passenger fall in the Atlantic ocean . different explanation
were given to what has cause the accident . parts of the fuselage and human remain were
 recovered from under the water and brought shore , explain your role as forensic
pathologist

4- a girl of 24 years old claimed that she has been raped by man . discuss your role in this
case

5- write short notes on all of the following

1- exhumation
2- death certificate
section B :
1- indication and contra indication of gastric lavage
2- define drug addiction , give example of addictive drugs
3- poisoning due to convulsants drugs
4- acute aspirin poisoning

Khartoum university
24/3/2002
Section A :
1- discuss three change occurring after death and relate these change to time of death ?
2- how can the study of bone and teeth help in identifying the unknown?
3- a ) medical negligence ?

B ) professional responsibility toward the patient ?

C) death on table ?

Section B:

Answer all question :

1- Poison by atropine
2- Acute and chronic lead poisoning

Khartoum university
8/4/2001

Answer all question :

1- An explosive was heard in al geraffa area left many deaths behind . you was requested to
come to the scene of the accident . define the types of the wound and the weapons used ?
 2- Discuss briefly about the use of DNA techniques and application in forensic medicine ?

3- Discuss briefly the professional negligence associated with anesthesia ?

Section B:

Answer all question :

1- Indication and contra indication of gastric lavage ?
2- a) Mercury poisoning
b) define drug addiction and give example of addictive drugs

3- proper filling of the request that are sent to the lab in cases of suspected poisoning

a) Poisoning due to convulsant drug

b) Henna dye ( hair dye ) poison
c) Paracetamol (panadol) poison

Khartoum university
12/2006/‫مارس‬

Section A:
1- Describe three types of wound and there medico legal important ?
2- Discuss method of timing death ?
3- Write short notes in all of the following
a) Strangulation
b) Dying declaration

Section B :

1- Mention different clinical presentation of alchol intake. Discuss how you would manage
alcoholic who sustain head injury ?
2- Write short notes on all of the following :
a) Cyanide poisoning
b) Paracetamol (panadol) poisoning

Khartoum university
30/2006/ ‫مايو‬

Section A :
1- Show how can the examination of the cell and the rate of decomposition help in
identifying the sex of the unknown
2- Write an essay on therapeutic and criminal abortion
3- Mention three condition that can be consider as medical negligenece from the doctor

Section B:

1- Write an essay on doctors duties when poison is suspected

2- Write short notes on :
a) Mercury poisoning
b) Effect of CO poisoning when the saturation is 40% - 50%
c) Atropine poisoning

Khartoum university
3/8/2003

Section A :
1- A 30 years old priest disappear from his parish in a foreign country . one week later he was
found dead floating on a river 50 kg away from his parish . how would you help the police
in determining the cause of death

2- A 27 years old mechanic was brought by the police to you in the casualty department
when he was lying In the road with various wounds . his breath was noticed to smell of
alcohol . how would you manage this situation

3- Write short notes on all of the following

a) Death certificate
b) Disputed paternity
c) Examination of a 21 years old woman who claimed to hav been raped

Khartoum university
29/3/2004

Section A :

1- Methods used to recognize the sex of the remains of humans body

2- Proof of separate existence
3- The role of cooling of the body in deciding the time of the death
4- Doctors duties in all of cases of abortion

Section B :
1- Acute and chronic arsenic poisoning
2- A 38 old man who found unconscious in the street and taken to the casualty where the
doctor noticed head injury and smell of alcohol , how would the doctor approach this
problem ?

‫امتحان البدائل‬

30/4/2002

Section A :

Write short notes in all of the following :

1- A) laceration wound
B ) death certificate
2- A) suicidal hanging
D ) adipocere
3- Write briefly about expected head injuries in a car accident

Section B :

1- a) define drug addiction and give example of addicting drugs

b ) strychnine poisoning
2- a) indication and contra indication of gastric lavage
b ) paracetamol ( panadol ) poisoning

answer all question :

1- give an account on the types of injuries that results from air plante accident and the role of
the forensic pathologist in dealing with them
2- discuss the differences in the following
a) drowning in the river water and the sea water
b) burning with dry heat and moist heat
c) strangulation and hanging
d) exit and entry wound in gunshot

3- a 20 years old unmarried girl claimed that a man has raped her , discuss in detail your role
as a doctor in this case
4- write short notes on each of the following
5- a) acute aspirin poisoning
 b) chronic lead poisoning
c ) morphine addiction
d ) antidotes

toxicology

1- The storage ,administration , and the sale of drugs controlled by the Acts . the aim is to
a) Store drugs properly for a very long period
b) A administer drugs not through administration routes
c) Prevent error , improper usage and dependence
d) Deal with drugs without licenses

2- The pharmacy and poison Act 2002 regulate the manufacture ,importation ,distribution
and sale of medicine and veterinary product . it deal with?
a) Manufacture of soft drinks
b) Importation of spirits
c) Sale of mineral acid
d) Product and manufacturing licenses

3- Prescription must be written in indelible ink and contain

a) Address and signature of medical practioner and date
b) Diagnosis of the disease
c) Name of the patient closed relative
d) All mention above should not be included
4- The Acts that is not concern with the control of narcotic and psychotropic is ?
a) Pharmacy and poison Act
b) Narcotic and psychotropic Act
c) Sudan medical council
d) Pesticide Act

Question 2 :-

Write on the following :

1- Livor mortis and contusion , compare and contrast

2- Classify abortion and mention the condition for therapeutic abortion
3- The complication and mechanism of death in different types of wound
4- The condition to practice forensic medicine mentioning the different level of practicing
5- Different causes and mechanism of death in drowning
6- How to write an autopsy report
 Elneelain university

April/2006

1- Considering electrocution
a) The inlet and the outlet are invariably important for its diagnosis
b) Direct current is more dangerous than alternative current
c) Causes of death in it invariably due to cardiac arrest or ventricular fibrillation
d) The psychological condition of the victim does not affect the outcome in it death may
occur many days even if the victim is apparently normal

2- The following factor may affect rigor mortis

a) The environmental temperature
b) The muscle bulk
c) Sever bleeding , just before death
d) The age of deceased
e) Muscular activity just before death

3- Putting into consideration hair dye poison

a) It may cause blindness
b) It is original color is black
c) It is consider as the main cause of suicide death in men in Sudan
d) It is of herbal origin
e) The lethal is 10 mg

4- The following are post mortem finding in hanging

a) Lividity in the back
b) The abrasion around the neck usually form a complete circle
c) The tongue is invariably bitten between the teeth
d) The face is pale or congested
e) The aorta in red

5- The following could be a late mechanism in drowning

a) Acute respiratory failure
b) Cardiac arrest
c) Cardiac failure
d) Renal failure
e) All of the above

6- All of the following could be from the common complication of burn injuries except
a) Peptic ulcer
b) Anemia
c) Pneumonia
d) Septicemia
e) Polycycaemia

7- Concerning body temperature after death , the following are true except
a) Loss of temperature in the first hour is about 2-3c
b) Immersion in water almost double the speed of body cooling
c) The rate of loss of temperature is fixed whatever the environmental temperature
d) The body temperature is measure rectally
e) When talking about body temperature we mean core temperature

8- Putting into consideration duties of doctor upon death

a) Doctor should confirm death
b) Doctors should issues a death certificate
c) Doctors have the authority to do an autopsy if they see it is important
d) It is not the duty of the doctor to raise any suspicion about death but it is solely the duty of
the police
e) In Sudan , autopsy Is done mostly for academic purposes

9- Concerning contused wound s

a) They are always suicidal
b) They are the most common types of wound after stab wound
c) They are always with dirty base and ragged edges
d) Sometimes they may be similar to lividity
e) Generally they are consider as simple or sometimes dangerous wound

10- Regarding the cut wounds

a) They result of pushing sharp ended objective into the victim
b) If they are not suicidal they are always repetitive in nature
c) They are consider dangerous types of even before the stab wound
d) They may occur as result of putting and move a sharp object on the body of the victim

11- Concerning intra cranial bleeding the following are correct except
a) Extradural bleeding is almost always arterial in origin
b) The patient may not remember the cause of his subdural hematoma
c) Subarachnoid bleeding are always due to trauma
d) Extradural hematoma may be due disease extradural hematomas are always due to major
trauma
12- Concerning abortion
a) Therapeutic abortion can be done by any doctor in any hospital once there is indication
b) Doctors should comply to the demand of doing it once a woman has a concession
c) Any induced abortion outside a hospital in Sudan is consider as criminal
d) Abortion is banned in Sudan whatever the situation
e) Abortion is not consider criminal once done in hospital

13- The following could cause chronic liver failure except

a) Accumulation of iron in the tissue
b) Hepatitis B virus
c) Lead poisoning
d) Hepatitis A virus
e) Prolong alcohol consumption

14- The following are characteristic of firearm entry except

a) The inlet may be star-like and burn
b) The edge of the inlet is always averted
c) There maight be no abrasion and carbonic ring
d) The inlet might be oval or rounded

15- Concerning cadaveric spasm the following are corrected except

a) It may be one of the certain sign of drowning
b) It may till about the time of crime
c) The victim may hold some parts from the offender
d) It may till about the place where drowning took place
e) It may be useful in the cases of suicidal

16- The following about hymens are correct except

a) Its known different types are eight
b) It is not necessary to be completely removed in the first intercourse
c) One of its known types is the (expansible)
d) Its known different types are fifteen

17- One of the following regarding electrocution is true

a) It is a cause of Parkinson disease
b) The passage of the current from hand to hand or from hand to foot will lesser the
consequences
c) The presence of the outlet is invariably important for the diagnoses
d) The cause of death on it is invariably respiratory failure due to convulsion
e) The effect of the current is mainly on the skin and does not affect the muscles
18- The following are in the scope of forensic medicine except
a) Examination of raped
b) Identification of remnants
c) Determination of disputed paternity by using DNA
d) Identification of the babies switched at birth
e) Collection of evidence and direction accusation in different cases

19- The inlet of gunshot

a) It is always and invariably smaller than the outlet
b) Is invariably important for the diagnosis of gunshot injuries
c) The direction of shooting can be determined from its size and shape
d) The abrasion ring and tattooing are invariably important in its diagnosis
e) If in the temporal area it invariably means suicide

20- Considering heat injuries which is true of the following

a) Heat spasm is better treated by cold bath
b) Heat stroke is due to disturbance in heat regulating center
c) Heat exhaustion is one of the most important cause of brain oedema
d) Heat spasm may cause DIC
e) Psychiatric manifestation are of bad prognoses

21- The following factor may affect rigor mortis except

a) The environmental temperature
b) The muscles bulk
c) The age of deceased
d) Muscle activity just before death
e) Sever bleeding just before death

22- Heat stiffening is due to

a) Spasm of voluntary muscles
b) Spasm of voluntary and involuntary muscles
c) coagulation of cellular protein
d) freezing of cellular fluid
e) Spasm of involuntary muscle

23- The following may banned to the doctor except

a) Drug abuse
b) Abortion
c) Practicing in private hospital and leaving public hospital
d) Disclosing their patient secret
e) Practicing business in their free times
24- Cadaveric spasm
a) Take place after death
b) take place about one hour before death
c) Is due to accumulation of blood in the dilated vessel after death
d) Is due to spasm of voluntary muscle during death
e) Is due to coagulation of cellular protein

25- Regarding asphyxia

a) It means only mechanical death
b) In the first stage of it there is vagal paralysis
c) Invariably means respiratory tract obstruction
d) It could be due to disease
e) The color of the blood on it is invariably dark blue

26- Which one of the following is correct

a) Sapnofication affect all body especially those in high and dry area
b) Bacteria and enzymes are important causes of mummification especially in water bed and
wet graves
c) The first organs to decompose is uterus in the female and the prostate in the male
d) High temperature and drought are important cause of decomposition

27- Toxicology is the

a) Science dealing with poisons chemically and physically
b) Science which has no relation with medication and antidotes
c) Science which is not consider one of the modern science
d) science which has no relation with venoms
e) Science which neglects radiation and radioactive substance

28- Poison
a) Is only what mention in the poisons list
b) Is the substance which is capable of causing harm or death to biological
c) Is the overdose of medication
d) can be solid , liquid or gas
e) Is all that mention above

29- Remedy
a) Any substance can become a remedy
b) All poisons
c) Some poisons
d) No difference exists between poison and remedy
30- Antidote
a) There is an antidote for every poison
b) Lessen the effects of a poison or count its action
c) Is beneficial at any time during poisoning
d) It is not a physical substances but a chemical substance
e) For someone poison with cyanide is ethanol

31- Toxicity
a) No relation between the dose and the degree of toxicity
b) Are the signs and symptoms cause by poison
c) Always lead to death
d) Has no sign and symptoms
e) Does not cause neither toxicigenicity nor mutation

32- Poison list

a) Prepare by sudan medical council
b) Does not include dangerous drugs
c) Include all poison
d) Is not updated

33- Drug is
a) Medicine
b) Medicine preparation
c) Therapeutic substance
d) All what is included in the poison list
e) All what mention above is wrong

34- Licensed practitioner is

a) Physician , dentist and veterinary
b) Physician who is licensed to practice as such in Sudan
c) Register pharmacist
d) Is licensed according to sudan medical ( veterinary ) council acts
e) All mention above is correct except d

35- Scorpion sting

a) Does not affect CNS
b) Is not felt
c) Make one urinate always
d) Does not cause headache ,nausea ,vomiting ,and diarrhea
e) Is the contrary of what is mention above
36- Pracelsus said
a) All substance are safe and none is poisons
b) Some substance are safe some are poisons
c) All substance are poisons , there is none which is not poisons ,the right does differentiate a
poison and a remedy
d) Some of its types may lead to a condition which may mimic pregnancy

37- The following regarding sexual offence are true except

a) Rape is not a medical diagnosis but a legal term
b) Bestiality means practicing sex with an animal
c) Sadism means reaching sexual gravitation by inflicting cruelty on the other partner
d) Sodomy means practicing sex between two person of the same sex
e) Voyeurism is a sexual perversion rather than a sexual crime

38- The following about burns are false except

a) Scalding is generally due to direct flame
b) The rule of nine is important for grading burn injuries
c) Third degree burns are most painful type of the wounds
d) GIT bleeding could be one of the life threatening complication in them
e) Measuring the surface area of burns is only important medico-legally after death

39- The following about death are correct except

a) Sudden death could be violent or natural
b) The cause of death means the physiology process which leads to death
c) The manner of death means whether this death is suicidal homicidal or is accidental
d) One of the cause of sudden death is traumatic pneumothorax
e) Euthanasia ( mercy killing ) is one of the means of iatrogenic sudden death

40- The following regarding cot death are false except

a) It is due to violence committed by an adult on a child
b) It is most common in females babies
c) The cause of death is easily found in it
d) One of the suggested causes are H.pylori and viral infections
e) It means purposeful destruction of a baby less than one year of age

41- The following regarding medico legal aspect of pregnancy are true except
a) The women could be pregnant in spite of an active menstruation in some rare cases
b) Enlargement of the breast with the expression of milk is a sure sign of pregnancy
c) Detection of the fetal part in late pregnancy is a sure sign of pregnancy
d) Examination of pregnant is important in the case of death sentences and some cases of
divorce
e) Morning sickness might help in the differential diagnoses of pregnancy

Is it (true ) or ( false ) :

1- The placenta is not an absolute drug preventive barrier for the fetus ( )
2- Soot causes scrotum cancer ( )
3- The process of cancer initiative cell programming is slow and reversible ( )
4- Chemicals which promote cancer are not carcinogenic ( )
5- Some chemical are capable of producing stable change in the DNA ( )
6- Types of genetic changes include mutation and chromosomal abrasion ( )
7- Electrophilic nucleophilic interaction does not cause permanent change in the DNA
chemical ( )
8- Frame shift mutations produce vitally active proteins and enzymes ( )
9- Fungi cells spread over large body areas pressing healthy cells leading to severe pain (
)