HISTORY 101 -7 tiers covered in glazed tiles

Marduk- the God of the city of Babylon

History of Architecture
“ It is a record of man’s effort to build beautifully. It traces Hanging gardens
the origin, growth and decline of architectural styles which -seven wonders of ancient world
have prevailed lands and ages. Ishtar gate

Historic Styles of Architecture Assyrian (900-700BC)

“ The particular method, the characteristics, manner of -Palaces
design which prevails at a certain place and time. -mud brick buildings, stones used for carved monuments,
sculptures
6 INFLUENCES OF ARCHITECTURE: -Large interior courts
Geographical
Geological Dur- Sharrukin- Palace of Sargon.
Climatic -Squarish parallelogram city
Religious
Social Historical Apartments in an assyrian palace:
Seraglio-palace proper
4 great constructive principles Haram- private chamber
1. Post and Lintel Construction Khan- service chamber
2. Arch & Vault Construction
3. Corbel or Cantilever Construction Persian (500-331 BC)
4. Trussed Construction -synthesis of architectural elements of surrounding
countries such as assyria, egypt ang lonian greece
2 Forces shaped the form of dwellings and settlements:
1. Functional need Persepolis
2. Available construction materials & technology “the city of perians”
By Darius
Stone Age:
Paleolithic EGYPTIAN 3rd century BC
Mesolithic Trabeated construction
Neolithic Axial planning of masonry tombs and temples

Primitive dwellings Mastaba- tomb for nobility

- mostly had one room Temples- edifice or place dedicated to worship or
presence of a deity
Jericho-oldest continually- inhabited city
__________________________ Kinds of temple:
MESOPOTAMIA- Cult temple- deity
Fertile Crescent- modern day Iraq Mortuary Temple- deceased
Greek word- mesos and potamas meaning middle river
Fertile plain between tigris and euphrates RA- Sun
ORSIRIS- death
Sumerian (5000-2000 BC) ISIS- motherhood, protection
-monumental temples, sun dried brick SET- Evil, chaos, storm
AMON- the unseen one
Ziggurat of Ur PTAH- creation
Built by sumerian ruler- Ur Namu KHONSU- MOON “traveller”

Babylonian (2000-1600 BC) Karnak Temple Complex- in honor of Amun-re god of

The last great mesopotamian city-empire of the ancient the sun and heaven
age.
- Palaces & temples were decorated with enameled brick Avenue of Sphinx
firezes of bulls and lions. Androsphinx- human headed
Tower of Babel (600 BC) Criosphinx- ram-headed
By king nebuchadnezzar II, to rival heaven Hierasphinx- falcon-headed
Obelisk (pyramidion)
- egyptian monolithic four-sided standing stone

Pylon
-gateway guarding a sacred precinct

Hypostyle Hall- large hall having many columns in rows

supporting a flat roof and sometimes a clerestory

Hypaethral court
-part of classical temple wholly open to the sky

Mammisi
-Birth-house; small side temple were god of the main
temple was borm

Barque Temple
-room.building -image of pharaoh was revered
--
Mortuary temple of hatshepsut
- main burial place for egyptian royalty

Rock-cut tomb

Imhotep- first architect recorded in history

- Saqqara complex
- Step pyramid of Djoser