CHAPTER SERIES COMPLETION A series is a sequence of number/alphabetical | : tte po eae Iphabetical letters or both which follow a particular rule. Each element of ‘We have to analyse the pattern find the missing term or next term to continue the pattem. Series ae ipa] PAlPBomamete] tinea (Contauoas aie ‘Canepa Series series sev series sees seri ‘A sete thatis ‘sere ats ‘eerie fa ‘Aseria which] [Aseresoflener, | [A seis consists of ‘made by only aumber| | ade by on which bots || screwed by | | whi foow a thre sequence with oraigie aphabete eters sand | [combination z semessnt | Vginaor more | _|eela ate is thee diferent A fan wo sete | | sven wih fourtve |__| element (forex capital v . Ee Fetes, numbers and Thasecnain umes tank sprees | | Src ieuersy ae inberween An lement ofeach 2. Descending eres ‘Theinissing leuers |__| sequence i comespond 3, Oselating sexes inonleriseonect | — }tothe clement of tier answer sequence on th Bis ofthe siiarity Inpostion. Type #1: Number Series Number series is a form of numbers in a certain sequence. Under Number series there are two ways of asking a question 1. Finding the missing term ‘Some number is missing in the given series, we need to observe first and then find the accurate number to that series of numbers. Example:- 4,8,12,16 20,24,28 (a) 32 (0) 36 (c) 62 (a) 64 Here the given sequence follows the pattern: +4,+4 and so on. So the missing term =28+4=32 Hence the answer is option(a). 2 Wrong Tem In this type of questions, a series of numbers is’given which follow a certain pattern and one its term does not fit into the series. The candidate is required to identify the pattern involved in the formation of series and then find out that number which does not follow the specific pattern of the series. The particular number is the wrong term in the series. Example: One number is wrong in the following series. Find out this wrong number. 1, 5,9, 15, 25, 37,49 Solution: The patter is as follows FIEE KUKATPALLY CENTRE: # 22-97, Plot Nod, Opp. Patel Kunta Huda Park, Vijaynagar Colony, Hyderabad - $00 072. Ph: oto 64607123 FITEE MIYAPUR CENTRE: Above Sai Motors Maruthi Showzoom, Allyiyn X Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad.49 31 es i | \ ae 2 { ‘ ! Pangan to. iS Usneel (4+ by 17. Hence number 15 is wrong and should be replaced by Prerequisite knowled d + Even and odd numbers. + Prime and composite numbers. * Square and square roots of a numbers, * Cube and cube roots of a numbers , [> Adiition | Sudtraction Arithmetic —_| Operations |» Division 4 Muliplication : a Types of Number Series - 1. Perfect Square Series i This type of series are based on square of a number which is in same order and ‘one square number missing in that given series, Example: 841.2, 2401, 3481, 4761 Solution: 297, 39° 49? 59 gg? 2 Perfect Cube Series Example: 62, 64, 30, 32, 14, 16, 2 Solution:Prime Series When numbers are a series of prime numbers. Example: 2, 3,5,7, 11, 13,___, 19 Solution: Here, the terms of the series are the prime number in order. The prime number, after 13 is 17. So, the answer to this question is 17 Alternate Primes Series itcan be explained by below example Example: 2, 11, 17,23,__, 41 Solution: Here, the series is framed by taking the altemative prime numbers. After 23, the prime numbers are 29 and 31, So, the answer is 31 The difference of any term from its succeeding term Is constant (either increasing series or decreasing series). : Example: 4, 7,10, 13, 16, 19,__, 25 Solution: Here, the difference of any term from its succeeding term is 3. The difference between two consecutive terms will be either increasing or decreasing by a constant number. Example: 2, 10, 26, 50, 82, Solution: Here, the differerce between two consecutive terms are 10-2=8 26 -10=16 50 -26 = 24 82 -50=32 Here, the difference is increased by 8 (or you can say the multiples of 8). So the next difference will be 40 (32 + 8). So, the answer is 82 + 40 = 122 The difference between two numbers can be multiplied by a constant number. 15, 16, 19, 28, 55, Solution: Here, the difference between two numbers are 16-1521 Here, the difference is multiplied by 3. So , the next difference will be 81. So the answer is 55 + 81 = 136 The difference can be multiples by number which will be increasing by a constant number. Example: 2, 3, 5,11, 35,__ Solution: The difference between two number are 3-221 FITJEE KUKATPALLY CENTRE, # 22.97, Plot Nod, Opp. Patel Kunta Huda Park, Vijaynagar Colony, Hyderabad - 500 072, Ph: 010-64601123, FIITJEE MIYAPUR CENTRE: Above Sai Motors Maruthi Showroom, Allwyn X Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad.11-5 35-11=24 Every third number can be the sum of the preceding two numbers. Example: 3, 5,8, 13,21,__ Solution: Here, starting from third number 3+5=8 5+8=13 8+13=21 So, the answeris 13 + 21=34 Every third number can be the product of the preceding two numbers. Example: 1,2, 2, 4, 8, 32, Solution: Here, starting from the third number 1x2=2 2x2 2x45 4x8=32 So, the answer is 8 x32 = 256 Every succeeding term is got by multiplying the previous term by a constant number or numbers which follow a special pattern. 5,15, 45.135, 45x3=135 So, the answer is 135 x3 = 405 In certain series the terms are formed by various rule (miscellaneous rules). By keen observation you have to find out the rule and the appropriate answer. Example 4, 11, 31, 90, Solution: Terms are, 4x3-1=11 11x3-2=31 31 x3-3=90 82 -50= 32 So, the answer will be 90 x3 - 4 = 266 Triangular Pattern Series. Sometimes the difference between consecutive terms of a series, again form a series, The differences between the consecutive terms of the new series so formed, again form a series. This pattern continues till we attain a uniform difference between the consecutive terms of the series, IKUKATPALLY CENTRE: #22-97, Plot No.l, Opp. Patel Kunta Huda Park, Vijaynagar Colony, Hyderabad =500072 FIIJEE MIYAPUR CENTRE: Above Sai Motors Maruthi Showroom, Allwyn X Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad. HyerExample: 2, 12 36, 80, 150, ? Solution: As discussed above, we may label the given series as | and them form series Il to IV as shown, below: Series-I: 212 36 80 150 2 Series-IIi 10 24 44 70 2 Series - Ill: 1420 26 =? Series - IV: 6 6 Clearly, the pattern in series Ill is +6. So, missing tem in series Ill = 26 + 6 = 32 Missing term in series Il = 70 + 32 = 102 Missing term in series |= 150 + 102 = 252 Thus the missing term = 252 (ie. 150 + 70 + 26 + 6) Miscellaneous Series(Elementary Idea of Progressions) 1. Arithmetic Progression (A.P); The sequence ofthe form a, atd, a+2d, a+3d,....... is known as an A.P., Whose n" term is a+(n-1)d Here, ‘a's first term and ‘a is common difference Example:-3,6,9,12,....is an AP with a=3 and d=6-3=3 So the 10" term we can easily find out using the formula:- 40" term=3+(10-1)3 =3427=30 2. Geometric Progression (G.P): The sequence ofthe form a, ar, ar’, ar’,........ is known a G.P., whose n" term is ar™", Example:-1,5,25,125,....is a GP with a=1 and =5 So the 7" term we can easily find out using the formula:- 7" term=1*5(7-1) =1"5(15625) =15625 Type :2 Alphabet Series A series that is made by only alphabetic letters. in this type, letters of English alphabet are arranged in particular pattern ike reverse order of letters, skipping of etters, position of letters in alphabetical order etc. =xample G, H, J, M, ? Solution: alba Lt +1 +2 6 +4 hortcut Approach Remember al the alphabets and their place number. FINJEE KUKATPALLY CENTRE #22-97, Plot No.1, Opp. Patel Kunta Huda Park, Vijaynagar Colony, Hyderabad =500 O72. Pha A-@4601123 FITTJEE MIYAPUR CENTRE: Above Sai Motors Marithi Showroom, Allyn X Road, Miyapus, Hyderabad‘osition of English alphabet letters according to Sometimes a word or a sentence is coded by changing the POS ITT rs in English alphabetical order, both definite patter, so it is necessary to remember the positions o in forward and backward order. Forward Leners Backward «=» Forward —tetiers iB pein partion Site 1 26 2 25 3 2a 4 23 oS. Sie ose 6 ©) 21 7 G 20 MESH gains o I 18 10 7 7 11 K 16 12 L 1s B oi 4 + Methods to Remember the Position of Letter in English Alphabet Some methods/techniques are given below to remember the position of English alphabets in forward or backward order. 1. By using EJOTY and CFILORUX fomulae, we can easily remember the position of letters of English alphabet in forward order. Intervals like : E F ° Tsk c ‘ | 5 [ i U x si RO nee 20 so5 ope bee 2 By using V QL G Band U R OL I F C, we can easily remember the position of letters of English alphabet in reverse order. Intervals like : Pe. Pit ig Meee | bys eek Bagesl0, 15 20 as ‘Type -3 Alpha Numeric Series These kind of problems used both mathematical operation and position of letters in the alphabet in forward and backward order. Example 2Z5,7Y 7, 14X9,23W 11,34 13,7 Solution: FIIJEE KUKATPALLY CENTIE # 22-97, lot No.1, Opp, Patel Kanta Huda Park, Vijaynagar Colony, Hyderabad - 500 072. Ph: O10-64601123 FIITIEE MIYAPUR CENTRE: Above Sai Motors Maruthi Showroom, Allwyn X Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad,-l “1 pase El leareeaelaaae= 2Z5 7Y7 14X9 23 Wii34 Vis[47_Uis [eee JL AIL +5) +7 ay +2 2 42 ad 42 Tyne-4 Mixed Series A series formed with the combination of more than one series. Example A, Z, C, X, E,? Solution: There are two interwoven series 1) 26, Eee 5 A Zz iC, x E > +2, +2 | 2 2 Hence, the missing term is V. Example Z,L,X, J, V,H, T,F, 5 Solution: The given sequence consists of two series. @ Z,XV,T, (LJ, H, F, Both consisting of alternate letters in the reverse order. ** Next term of (i) series = R, and Next term of (i) series = D Reverse Order Repetition Series In such series, first part is written in reverse order of the second part of the series. Example R, A, M, S,H,H, S, E, M, A, 2 Solution: . Hence, the missing term is R. Series Having Group of Letters as Its Elements In such series, each element consists of group of letters instead of a single letter. Example LDP, DPL, PLD, ? Solution: Patter of the series as shown below FIITJEE KUKATPALLY CENTRE: # 22°97, Plot No.1, Opp. Patel Kunta Huda Park, Vijaynagar Colony, Hyderabad 500072. Fh: MO 6d601125 FIIJEE MIYAPUR CENTRE: Above Sai Motors Maruthi Showroom, Allwyn X Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad,{ Vi oer Cpe DPL PLD LDP Hence, the missing term is LDP. Type -5 Continuous Pattern Series It is a series of small/capita; letters that follow a certain pattern like repetition of letters. ver, some letters In this type, a series of small/capital letters are given which follow a particular pattern. nee find the letters are missing from the series. The series follows a specific pater and candidates are require' which should come in place of the blank space or question marks. Example The following question is based on the letter series. In each of these series, some of the letters are missing. Select the correct alternative. baab-aba-bba-- Solution: Pattem of the series are shown below baabba/baabbaha Type 6: Correspondence Series This type of series consists of three sequence with three different elements (usually capital letters, digits and small letters). On the basis of the similarity in position in the three sequences, a capital letter is found to Correspond with a unique digit and a unique small letter, whenever it occurs. The candidate is required to trace out this correspondence and accordingly choose the elements to be filled in at the desired places. Example Which of the following terms follows the trend of the given list? CB--D-ABCCB --1243--2722 a-ab-c-b- Solution: Comparing the positions of the capital letters, numbers, and small letters, we find a corresponds to c and 1 correspond to a. So, a and 1 correspond to c. b corresponds to A and 2 corresponds to b. So. b and 2