Hydraulic Jump Experiment

Objectives of the experiments:

1. To create the hydraulic jump.

2. To verify the questions of fluid flow.

3. To determine the slatrility & characteristics of the hydraulic jump obtained in the lab
using Impulse momentum & specific energy equations.

4. To compare measured flow depths with theoretical results.

Theoretical background:

Hydraulic jumps are very efficient in dissipating the energy of the flow to make it
more controllable & less erosive. In engineering practice, the hydraulic jump
frequently appears downstream from overflow structures (spillways), or under flow
structures (sluice gates), where velocities are height.

A hydraulic jump is formed when liquid at high velocity discharges into a zone of
lower velocity only if the 3 independent velocities (y1, y2, fr1) of the hydraulic jump
equation conform to the following equation:

Y2 = y1/2 [-1+√1+8Fr2 ]

Fr2 = 92/9y3

Apparatus:
 Glass walled flume with sluice gates & a spillway arrangement
 Point gauges
 Manometer & scales
 Pump

Procedure for Hydraulic Jump Experiment:

1. I started the pump to supply water to the flume.

2. Then I closed the tail gate to allow water to accumulate and to develop hydraulic
jump.

3. I adjusted the position of the hydraulic jump by adjusting the amount of closure of
slvice gate.

4. I then measured the depth of the bed of flume by using a point gauge.

5. In the next step , I measured water surface level before it had crossed the spillway.
 6. Then I measured height of spillway & the depth of water over the spillway.

7. Using the point gauges I then determined the water surface levels downstream of the
jump.

8. Then I measured y1 & y2.

9. I repeated the measurement steps again for a different flowchart.

Results:
S.No Hm(m) Y1(mm) Y2(mm) Lj(m) H(mn) H1(mn) H2
1 0.8 342 46 2 6.5 24 106 0.45

Sources of errors:
Human errors:
1. Errors occurred during measurements i.e. by taking erroneous reading of depths or in
micrometer.
2. Errors occurred in operation of sluice gates.
Instrumentation error:
 Leakage from the flume
 Assumptions of ideal conditions did not prevail:
 Ideal conditions which prevailed in the theoretical equations were not there and
frictional forces also had some effect on the experiment.