SURPASS 4 - Student Book Answer Key

[Answer Keys] SURPASS Student Book 4
Unit 1
1A New start, new life
1 Vocabulary
B 1. time
2. home
3. sun
4. book
5. store
C business card, business hours, earphones, headphones, headache, living room, salesperson, credit card,
warehouse, parking lot, crossroad, crosswalk, post office, bedroom
2 Listening
B 1. Rachel moved to her own apartment. She is happy that she finally has a place of her own.
2. Sam got a job working in sales. He is nervous about starting is new job, but he plans to do his best to
become a great salesperson.
3. Lisa started to cook and eat healthy meals. Now she feels healthier and happier.
C 1. S –sales
2. R – a secondhand store
3. R – Rachel’s living room
4. L – Lisa’s place [house]
5. S – Sam’s dream job [a job]
3 Grammar
A 1. have dreamed
2. am going to visit
3. couldn’t find
4. will do
5. used to go
6. invite / share
B 1. present perfect
2. future be going to
3. simple past
4. future will
5. simple past used to
6. simple present
B Sample answers
1. The speaker chose the present perfect to show that she began dreaming of decorating her home beautifully
in the past and she still has that same dream today.
2. The speaker chose the future be going to to show that she is determined and has already planned to go
shopping.
3. The speaker chose the simple past because he’s talking about finished events of the past.
4. The speaker chose the future will. He is determined. It seems he’s making the resolution right at the
moment he’s speaking.
5. The speaker chose the simple past and used the expression used to to emphasize it happened in the past
pretty regularly but it doesn’t happen anymore.
6. The speaker chose the simple present because she regularly does the activities now.
C 1. started / was
2. lived / lives [is living]
3. majors [is majoring] / will change [is going to change]
4. works / has worked [has been working]
5. wants / is studying
4 Speaking
A Sample answers
• Albert has recently moved to a new house. He likes his new apartment because it is larger than the last
apartment he lived in. He is happy with the added living space.
• Tina has recently started a new hobby. She started learning to play the guitar because she wants to make
her own songs. She likes it a lot.

B Sample answers
Let me tell you about Elizabeth, who recently got a job. She works in the accounting department of a major
bank. She says the job is difficult but interesting, and that she loves it so far.
5 Reading
A Sample answers
I like to read blogs about healthy living. I often look for new exercises to try and even healthy recipes to
cook. The information that I get from the blogs is extremely helpful to me because I am able to learn
something new every day.
B 1. Serena Greenfield: No, students are required to live on campus for the first three years, but seniors have
the opportunity to live off campus.
2. Natalie Williams: The average course load is four classes per semester.
3. Michelle Zheng: Many students visit local coffee shops to take a break from campus. Frothy Cup is one of
everyone’s favorites.
4. Natalie Williams: You can try classes during Welcome Week. You don’t have to finalize your classes until
the third week of classes.
5. Jordan: There is a farmers’ market near campus. It’s called Woodland Farmers’ Market. You can buy fresh
food there.
C 1. Welcome Week is a period of time when students can try out classes. It lasts two weeks.
2. Many students take classes on other days, and on Wednesdays, they sleep in, catch up on assignments, and
participate in extracurricular activities.
3. The market is located in the town square, and it’s open from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. every Saturday from
September to November.
4. She lived in Kilgurst Hall during her freshman year. She now lives in Franklin Hall.
5. People should know that Frothy Cup takes cash only.
6 Listening
A Sample answers
When I first went to school, I got information about school life from my university’s webpage. They had a
lot of information about living on campus. There was also a message board where new students could ask
questions, and current students and alumni would respond with helpful answers and suggestions.
B 1. F / F
2. F / T
Over to You
1 Sample answers
I would write posts about the biggest differences between being a high school student and being a college
student. I would do this because that was the kind of information I wanted to know when I
became a freshman.
2 Sample answers
For certain subjects, I think a personal blog can be more informative than an official website. For example,
blogs about living in a foreign country can provide a lot of useful information and tips related to daily life
that official webpages probably don’t have.
1B Life Abroad
1 Vocabulary
A Sample answers
To shout at someone is to speak angrily and loudly at a person. To shout to someone is to speak loudly so
that that person can hear you.
B 1. to
2. from
3. to
4. at
5. at
6. as
2 Listening
A Sample answers
• In my country, visitors from other countries would find the large portions of food served at restaurants to
be interesting.
• Many of my foreign friends were surprised to see lots of free side dishes served along with the main dish.
B 1. Michael – Japan
2. Mina – Australia
3. Tania – the US
4. Jake – Italy
C • Michael was surprised by the way that Japanese people read books. They read from right to left, and turn
the pages from left to right. He thought this difference was awesome.
• Mina was surprised by the way that Australians washed dishes. She found this very strange at first.
• Tania was surprised by the way that Americans use forks. She finds this difference interesting.
• Jake was surprised that some Italians call their parents by their first name when they are adults. He likes
this idea and would like to try it when he becomes a father.
D Sample answers
When I went to a traditional Indian wedding, I saw that most people were eating with their fingers. And
what was more interesting was that they were only using their right hand. I found this very strange at first,
but I felt quite comfortable once I started trying it myself.
3 Grammar
A 1. Have / experienced
2. Are / having
3. surprised
4. Did / know
B Sample answers
1. A statement starts with a subject and a verb, but a question starts with an auxiliary verb, be verb, or modal
verb.
2. Do/does/did is not used when a wh-question word is used as a subject in the sentence.
C 1. countries have you been to
2. Did you study English
3. What is your favorite
4. Do you have any friends
5. Who do you think is most open-minded
D Sample answers
1. I’ve been to Mexico, Hawaii, and Hungary.
2. No, I began studying English in middle school.
3. I like Pho, Vietnam noodles.
4. I have a friend who is from Mongolia. She’s here to study graphic design.
5. In my family, my mom is the most open-minded about foreign cultures. She loves trying new foods,
talking to visitors from other countries, and learning foreign languages.
4 Speaking
B Sample quiz
• In which country do people point with their lips instead of their fingers? (Nicaragua)
• In which country do people eat bananas with a fork and knife? (Bolivia)
5 Reading
A Sample answers
My sister works as a teacher in China. Her life seems very interesting to me because she is exploring a new
culture and learning a new language.
B Sample answers
Pippa and Nicholas both live in foreign countries.
C Pippa
1. She is from London.
2. She now lives in Lombok, Indonesia.
3. She has lived there for almost a year.
4. She saw a TV show about Lombok and was inspired to move there.
5. She works as a yoga instructor.
6. She enjoys experiencing new and unfamiliar things each day.
7. She had a hard time making friends with people who speak different languages and come from different
cultures.
8. Solving everyday problems is an adventure while living abroad.
Nicholas
1. He is from South Africa.
2. He now lives in Seoul, South Korea.
3. He has lived in Korea for almost six years.
4. He had Korean friends in his hometown, and they introduced him to Korean culture.
5. He teaches English.
6. He likes that many facilities are designed for family-centered activities that are available for a reasonable
price.
7. Overcoming the language barrier was difficult for him.
8. Living abroad has helped his family grow closer together.
D Sample answers
I have thought about living in Italy. I would like to learn to speak Italian, and one of my dreams is to have a
home in Tuscany.
6 Listening
A (v) Do some research before moving to a new place. – N
(v) Be open to new things and enjoy yourself. – P
B Sample answers
One piece of advice I would give to someone who wants to move to my country is to carry lots of change. In
many cases, stores don’t have change to give. So it’s always good to carry change if you want to pay with
cash.
Over to You
1 Sample answers
I think I would adjust best to life in Australia. When I traveled around the country, I found the weather
perfect and the people so nice. I think it would be hardest for me to adjust to life in Russia because I hate
cold weather.
2 Sample answers
If I lived abroad I would miss my family the most. A family is an important source of support and nothing
can replace a family.
1C Skills for Writing—Introducing your culture
1 Speaking
A Sample answers
I introduced my friends to a traditional Italian meal called braciola. It is an authentic dish that many Italians
share at home but that is rarely available at Italian restaurants in foreign countries.
B • France: Ratatouille, Bastille Day, “Restaurants serve a minimum of two courses, only at meal times. To eat
one course only or at other times, we go to a brasserie.”
• India: Laddu, Holi, “It’s common to touch older peoples’ feet when greeting them.”
• Spain: Paella, La Tomatina, “There are many beaches that officially allow nudity.”
• China: Mooncake, Harbin International Ice & Snow Festival, “It’s best to leave some food on your plate at
the end of a meal. Otherwise, your host will continue to serve more food.”
• Brazil: Feijoada, Rio Carnival, “We often use unique gestures that people from other countries don’t
understand. For example, wiping your fingers together means ‘I don’t care.’”
2 Reading & Writing

A Sample answers
1. Annie is going to France as part of a study abroad program.
2. Annie would like to know more about life in France. She wants to learn about the food, culture, special
occasions, etc.
3. It is a special snack time that French people have at 4 p.m.
4. There is a military parade, the president gives a speech, and there are fireworks at night all over France.
5. It is the French tradition of kissing on the cheeks to say hello.
B email → emails
each a → each / a
oclock → o’clock
will arrive → arrive
Its → It’s
another → other
exciting → excited
In → On
millitary → military
meet → meeting
C Sample writing
Hi Annie,
I am looking forward to your visit to India! I am sure that India is very different from your home
country, so I am writing an email to tell you about what life will be like here.
Like many western countries, Indians have three main meals. The evening meal is usually the largest
and is shared by families. People usually eat curried vegetables, rice, bread, and some sweets for dinner.
You should know that our family is Hindu, so we are vegetarian. You won’t find any meat in our
home. When you arrive, I will cook my favorite dish, Palak Paneer. It is made by stewing spinach and
cottage cheese in a spicy sauce. We also don’t use cutlery when we eat, so I hope you don’t mind eating with
your hands!
I am happy that you will be arriving in the spring because you will be here for Holi. Holi is a colorful
spring festival that is celebrated throughout India. The holiday not only celebrates the coming of spring, but
it also celebrates love and the symbolic victory of good over evil. Holi lasts for two days. During this time
we will dance, share food, play games, and even paint ourselves in bright colors!
I look forward to meeting you in person. Please send me an email if you have any other questions.
Best wishes,
Aditi
Unit 2
2A Relationships are hard
1 Vocabulary
A Sample Answers
The most important relationships in my life are my relationships with sisters. I love my sisters more than
anyone in the world. We know each other very well, and we trust each other at all times.
B 1. had a crush on
2. broke the ice / had a lot in common
3. had good chemistry / asked me out
4. were together
5. argued a lot / bossed me around
6. couldn’t stand / ended our relationship
2 Listening
A 1. Jason is talking about his relationship with a friend named Becca whom he has a crush on.
2. Brad is talking about his relationship with his father.
3. Jimin is talking about her relationship with her friend Anisha.
B 1. I’m afraid of ruining my relationship with Becca by asking her out or telling her that I have a crush on her.
2. It’s stressful to have a conversation with my dad because he keeps bossing me around and treating me like
a little kid.
3. I can’t stand it when Anisha is childish and doesn’t even tell me why she’s upset.
C Sample answers
1. If I were Jason, I would tell Becca how I feel. I’ve actually had similar experiences myself. I had a crush
on my classmate who was a good friend of mine. I never told him because I was scared I would make things
awkward. Later, I found out that he liked me too. I regretted hiding my feelings.
2. If I were Brad, I would explain to my father how his actions are making it difficult for me to speak openly
with him. My parents used to be very protective of me when I was young. I wasn’t allowed to do anything
challenging. They were always worried that I might get hurt or make a big mistake in life. Thinking of it
now, I should have talked to them about it.
3. If I were Jimin, I would not overreact to Anisha’s actions. I would wait until we could talk face to face,
and then tell her how frustrating it is for me to understand her when she doesn’t even talk to me. I once had a
friend who told me she couldn’t read my mind. So I needed to talk to her whenever I felt that she’d done
something wrong. Ever since then, I’ve always tried to talk things over with people I’m having problems
with.
3 Grammar
A 1. have been riding
2. has been bossing
3. have been texting / calling
B Sample answers
1. The speaker used the present perfect continuous tense because he began riding bikes with his friend
regularly in the past, and this action is still happening in the present.
2. The speaker used the simple past tense because her ex-boyfriend bossed her around in the past, but he no
longer does this because they have broken up.
3. The speaker used the present perfect continuous tense because she began calling and texting her friend
regularly in the past, and this action is still happening in the present.
C 1. Mary has been studying English for two years.
2. My girlfriend and I have been going out for about two months.
3. Jacob has had that hairstyle for a long time.
4. We’ve known each other since we were children.
4 Speaking
A Sample answers
1. Friendship matters more than love to me.
2. I believe honesty is the best way to keep a relationship healthy. White lies can make problems bigger and
more serious.
3. My friends know me better than my family does.
B 1. The problem in this case is that my girlfriend and my best friend are having their birthday parties on the
same day. So I have to decide which one to go to.
2. The problem in this case is that my mom thinks her meatballs are delicious and cooks them for me every
time I visit her. I have to decide whether to tell her the truth or not.
3. The problem in this case is that my wedding is in a few weeks and I still haven’t decided who will be
making the wedding toast. I have to decide between my best friend and my closest family member.
B Sample answers
• Case 1
I would explain to my girlfriend that my best friend and I have had a long relationship that is very important
to me. I would apologize for missing her party, but I would make plans on a different date to do something
special with her to celebrate her birthday.
• Case 2
I would wait until the day before my next visit. I would ask her if she could try something a little different
for dinner.
• Case 3
I think the best thing to do would be to give them both a chance to speak. I would tell them that they are both
important to me and that I would like for both of them to say some words.
5 Reading
A Sample answers
I thought about getting married to my boyfriend in college because I had a huge fantasy about someone
proposing to me in a romantic way, just like in the movies.
B Sample answers
I think “boundaries” might be about how much privacy partners are willing to give one another; “Focus”
might be about how much attention partners give one another; “Money” might be about how partners decide
to spend their money; “Communication” might be about the way that couples talk about problems that come
up in married life; “Appreciation” might be about showing gratitude for the sacrifices that each partner
makes in a relationship.
C 1. Problem: Not having boundaries can make spouses uncomfortable and lead to a lack of trust.
Advice: Talk to each other and set your own standards.
2. Problem: As time goes by, spouses begin to focus on things other than their marriage.
Advice: Find ways to show your significant other that you haven’t forgotten about him/her.
3. Problem: Spouses are more likely to fight if they have different spending habits.
Advice: Talk about how you each spend and save money.
4. Problem: Couples focus on pointing out each other’s faults.
Advice: Talk about how you feel rather than what your partner did. Also, try to let go of needing to be right.
5. Problem: Partners forget to show appreciation for what they do for each other.
Advice: Make sure to let your spouse know that you are thankful for what he/she does for you.
C Sample answers
I think the advice about boundaries is okay, but I would remind readers that boundaries are flexible and can
change over time. Therefore, it is important to communicate with your partner often about the limits of your
relationship. Something that made your partner upset in the past might not be such a big deal anymore.
Alternatively, your partner could be bothered by something that he or she did not care about before.
D 1. F
2. T
3. F
4. F
5. F
E Sample answers
I believe that setting boundaries is the most important issue. This issue involves people outside of the
relationship, and this can lead to conflicts and misunderstandings. I feel this way because I once had a
girlfriend who would discuss all of our problems with her friends. We got into fights often because her
friends made fun of the things we talked about in private.
6 Listening
A • Case 1: boundaries
One partner is not respecting the boundaries set by the other.
• Case 2: money
The couple doesn’t agree on how money should be spent.
• Case 3: communication
The partners are criticizing each other for what the other did.
• Case 4: Focus
The woman is upset because the man is focusing on social media when they are spending time together.
• Case 5: Appreciation
The woman is upset because she feels that the man does not appreciate how much work she does.
B Sample answers
• Case 1
I think that the couple needs a serious conversation about setting limits on what information they share with
people outside of their relationship.
• Case 2
I think that the couple should come to a compromise on how they will handle money in the future.
• Case 3
I think the couple should take turns expressing how they feel and listening to each other.
• Case 4
I think the man needs to show his partner that he cares about her by writing a cute love note or planning a
date night.
• Case 5
I think the man should let the woman know how much he appreciates her hard work and do the next batch of
laundry without being asked.
Over to You
1 Sample answers
Another problem that couples might face is how to divide the chores and tasks of daily life. One partner may
be doing all of the shopping, cooking, cleaning, and other daily tasks. This can lead to one partner being
tired and feeling taken advantage of.
2 Sample answers
I think communication, appreciation and respect, favors and small sacrifices are the most important factors
in making a happy marriage. This is because these three factors help understand and overcome differences.
2B It’s broken!
1 Vocabulary
A Sample Answers
My laptop isn’t working right now. I spilled water on it a few days ago. I need to take it to the repair shop.
B 1. cracked
2. chip
3. mold
4. flickering
5. peeling
6. discolored
7. leaking
8. clogged
9. torn
10. stain
C Sample answers
1. The curtains look faded. They need to be replaced.
2. There is a broken dish on the floor. It needs to be thrown away, and the floor needs to be swept.
3. The countertop is scratched. It needs to be painted.
4. The oven is dented. I should call the customer service to figure out what to do with it.
5. One of the stool’s legs is broken. The stool needs to be thrown away.
6. A cabinet door is hanging off its hinges. It should be nailed down.
2 Listening
A 1. Sally
Her shirt was stained. Her cell phone screen is broken. The heel of her shoe broke.
2. Mike and Olivia
The bathtub is discolored and has a big scratch. The paint and the tiles on the walls are cracked.
B 1. Sally will have her shirt dry-cleaned tomorrow. She’ll have her phone’s screen fixed. She threw her old
shoes away and bought a new pair.
2. Mike and Olivia will have the bathtub replaced by a repairman. They will repaint the walls themselves.
3 Grammar
A 1. dry-cleaned
2. fixed
3. replace
4. to look
B Sample answers
• Both get and have mean “make.”
• Structures:
have/get + object + past participle
get + someone + to infinitive
have + someone + the base form
C 1. get / to cut [have / cut]
2. get [have] / dry-cleaned
3. get [have] / dyed
4. get [have] / cleaned
D Sample answers
I have custom shirts made by a tailor. I have these shirts made at the tailor shop right across the street from
my house. I highly recommend this tailor because he makes careful measurements of my body and uses
high-quality fabric.
4 Speaking
A Sample answers
1. I would try to solve the problem myself. I would search for the best way to remove the stain.
2. I would immediately take it to a repair shop and have someone fix it.
3. I would probably throw it away and buy a new bag with the same design.
4. I’ve unclogged my bathroom sink several times before. So I know exactly what I have to do. I should mix
baking soda with vinegar and pour the mixture into the sink. After a few minutes, whatever is clogging the
sink should start to bubble up.

5. I would get a professional to look at it and clean the mold.
6. I would throw the old one away and buy a new one. It’s easy to replace it myself.
7. I would get the bumper replaced.
B Sample answers
1. It was a leather bag that tore.
2. It was my mom’s.
3. It happened at our home when I was pulling it out of the closet.
4. I felt very upset because it was my mom’s favorite bag.
5. I bought a special glue used for mending leather, and tried to glue the torn part.
6. I was able to glue the part that was torn, although I could still see that the bag was torn and mended.
Anyway, I quietly put it back in the closet. I’m not really sure if mom knows about this, but she still uses the
bag.
5 Reading
B Sample answers
I think kintsugi is a type of skill for repairing old things.
C 1–d
2–c
3–a
4–e
5–b
D 1. The pieces are glued together using lacquer.
2. Kintsugi is said to have originated in the late fifteenth-century in Japan.
3. Wabi-sabi is an idea that encourages people to value things such as rust, cracks, and wrinkles because they
show an object’s history.
4. Rikyu found the repairs made to the teapot magnificent.
5. Kintsugi says that our flaws and imperfections should be celebrated, not hidden.
E Sample answers
1. My coffee mug is chipped.
2. The pipe is rusted [rusty].
3. The mirror has a crack in it.
4. The cell phone is scratched.
5. The back door of the car has a (big) dent in it.
6 Listening
A Misaki
1. Misaki is talking about a teapot that belonged to her
grandmother.
2. She thought the teapot was even more beautiful after its repairs,
because it reminded her of how much she appreciated her
memories of and love for her grandmother.
Peter
1. Peter is talking about a restaurant in Paris which used kintsugi in
its interior decoration.
2. The interior design as a whole matched the cracked tiles covered
with gold-colored metal. He thought that the restaurant looked
very creative.
B I would try kintsugi to repair a ceramic figurine that I made last year. I made it during a tour to my
uncle’s ceramic arts studio, but it broke while I was moving to a new home. I still have the pieces and I think
kintsugi would make this object more special.
Over to You
1 Sample answers
I feel that I have imperfections in my personality. Specifically, I am too passive and I often don’t stand up
for myself. Not only does this allow more aggressive people to push me around, but it also prevents me from
standing out at work and being given promotions.
2 Sample answers
I do believe that our imperfections can have positive effects on our lives. For example, although being
passive has held me back at work, it has allowed me to develop deep relationships with several caring
friends. Because I am often thinking of others first, I have earned the trust of many nice people.
2C Skills for Writing—Using formal expressions
1 Reading & Speaking

A Sample answers
I was once dissatisfied with the service from my cell phone company. I called their customer service
department because my phone would often turn off on its own when I was talking. They didn’t give me
proper instructions for when and where to get it fixed. They told me they would call back, but they never
did. I was really frustrated. I called them again and asked them to cancel my contract and refund the money I
had already paid them.
B 1. Sir or Madam
2. I am writing
3. June 18th
4. attached
5. look forward to
6. Sincerely
C 1. Marcus wants to complain about a product he purchased at The Pet Place.
2. He mentions that he has frequently bought the handmade pet treats sold at The Pet Place.
3. They ate the treats on June 20th.
4. Both his dog and his cat began to vomit.
5. He requests that The Pet Place refund his veterinary bills and the money he spent on the cat treats.
6. He attached copies of his receipt for the cat treats and copies of his veterinary bills.
D 1. I have reason to believe that this bag caused salmonella poisoning in my cat.
2. … and was informed that both animals were infected with salmonella.
3. … for a week prior to this, …
4. … my pets will make a full recovery.
5. I will not be purchasing food products from The Pet Place without confirmation that they are safe and
hygienic.
6. I am requesting that The Pet Place refund my expenses.
2 Writing
A Case 1:
Dear Mr. Wilson,
I am writing to you to ask that you address two issues with the apartment that I am renting from you.
First, when I signed the rental agreement, you promised to provide a new dining table and two chairs. I have
been renting this apartment from you for five months, and I would appreciate it if you would have the
promised furniture delivered as soon as possible.
Second, when I woke up this morning, I noticed that the faucet in the bathroom sink was leaking. I would
like you to send a repairman to the apartment to fix this problem.
Please let me know when you have made arrangements for the furniture to be delivered and for the
repairman to fix the bathroom sink.
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours sincerely,
Peter Rumsfeld
Units 1&2 Review Test 1
Listening
A 1. a
2. a
3. c
4. a
B 1. c
2. c
3. c
C 1. travel with young kids
2. interests
3. (set) schedule
4. new experiences
Grammar
A 1. b
2. a
3. a
4. b
5. b
B 1. a
2. c
3. a
4. c
5. a
6. c
7. c
Vocabulary
A 1. book
2. home
3. hand
4. sky
B 1. to
2. from
3. as
4. (-)
C 1. torn
2. stain
3. chip
4. leaking
5. clogged
D 1. have a lot in common
2. ended our relationship
3. argued a lot
4. bossing me around
5. have a crush on
Unit 3
3A Listen and enjoy
1 Vocabulary
A 1. c
2. e
3. d
4. a
5. b
B 1. a fan of
2. get stuck in
3. read sheet music
4. sing karaoke
5. an arrangement for
6. write songs
7. have a particular taste
8. music streaming services
9. busking
10. play cover songs
C Sample answers
• I enjoy listening to music on my headphones while jogging or
doing other exercise.
• My friend writes music like Edwin. He writes his own songs, records them at home, and then uploads them
online for others to listen to.
2 Listening
A 1. Leon, the lead singer of a band named WALL
2. A fan uploaded a video of him performing on the street online.
3. Yes, because she asked him to autograph her microphone.
B 1. four people: Leon, Wayne, Alex, Luke
2. The band members went to the same high school. Leon asked Wayne and Alex to start a band together. He
was already thinking of starting a band with Luke.
3. They are preparing to release their first album, but a single is already available online.
3 Grammar
A 1. if you knew
2. who posted
3. when we can listen
4. if you would autograph
B a→2
b→3
c→1
d→4
C 1. if you enjoy listening to music
2. when and where you listen to music
3. if you listen to music every day
4. what type of music you like best
D Sample conversation
A I don’t know if you enjoy listening to music.
B I do. I like rap music best. My favorite artist is Drake.
A Can you tell me when and where you listen to music?
B I listen to music in my car while I’m driving to work. I also listen to music while studying. It helps me
relax and focus.
A I wonder if you listen to music every day.
B I do listen to music every day. I don’t always listen to the same kind of music though.
A I want to know what type of music you like best.
B I like rap music best. But I also like pop music and jazz.
4 Speaking
A Sample answers
1. Can you tell me what is most important to you when choosing music to listen to? (lyrics, beat, voice, etc.)
2. I wonder if you like to listen to songs in foreign languages.
3. I’d like to know if you prefer fast songs or slow songs.
4. I wonder if you usually prefer remixes or the original versions of songs.
5. Can you tell me if you enjoy dancing along to music or just listening?
6. Could you tell me which you prefer listening to: the latest hits or older songs?
7. I’d like to know one song you have recently added to your playlist.
8. I wonder which you prefer: a playlist with various genres or with just one genre.
9. Can you tell me how much you are willing to pay to see your favorite musician perform?
10. I wonder if there is a musician you would really like to meet in person.
A Sample answers
1. Lyrics are the most important to me when I choose songs to listen to. I like music that delivers strong
messages to its listeners.
2. I don’t really like to listen to songs in foreign languages because it’s hard for me to understand the lyrics.
B Sample answers
• It seems that many of my classmates like fast songs rather than slow songs.
• Also, many people prefer dancing to music. Many were even willing to pay large amounts of money for
this kind of music.
• The three artists who I think would best match the tastes of my classmates are Afrojack, Armin van
Buuren, and Calvin Harris.
5 Reading
A Sample answers
Yes. I went to the Bonnaroo Music Festival in Tennessee. It was an amazing experience. I camped out at the
festival for three days and heard dozens of bands play music from early in the morning to late in the evening.
B Tomorrowland is the world’s largest dance music festival.
C 1. You have to pre-register and create a personal account to buy ticket packages online.
2. You can stay at DreamVille, the Tomorrowland campsite.
3. You can bring your own food or eat at the many stands and shops set up in DreamVille.
4. Loose and light clothing is recommended, and you should not wear clothes that express support for any
political or social group.
5. Lockers are available for 6 Euros with a 5 Euro refundable deposit.
D 1. T
2. F
3. T
4. F
5. F
6. T
7. F
E Sample answers
I think people love Tomorrowland because of the unique atmosphere of the festival. It is more like a giant
celebration than a normal music concert. People can feel like they are entering a new world for a few days.
6 Listening
A Sample answers
If I had a ticket to Tomorrowland I would not attend. I don’t like dance music and I don’t like being in large
crowds of people. I think being in that atmosphere for several days would make me very uncomfortable.
B Steven
1. He attended Tomorrowland in 2015.
2. He is talking about the stage designs and the festival’s surroundings.
3. He thinks it was an amazing, once-in-a-lifetime experience.
Miranda
1. She went to Tomorrowland in 2017.
2. She is talking about staying at DreamVille.
3. She enjoyed everything, and wishes she could go again.
Lucy
1. She attended Tomorrowland for the first time in 2005, and she has been going almost every year.
2. She is talking about the musical performers at the festival.

3. She felt lucky to see all of her favorite artists perform in the same place.
Over to You
1 Sample answers
I think people go to concerts or music festivals because they feel more connected to the music and the
performers when they see and hear the artists perform in person. Listening to music at home is also
enjoyable, but it is clearly an indirect experience. You can’t feel the live atmosphere.
2 Sample answers
My favorite genre of music is electronic music. For this type of festival, I would recommend lots of lasers,
flashing strobe lights, and giant dancing robots.
3B Action!
1 Vocabulary
A 1–c
2–a
3–e
4–b
5–d
B Sample answers
1. There is a futuristic robot in this scene, so I think it will be a sci-fi movie.
2. There is a man kissing a woman in this scene, so I think this movie will be a romance.
C 1. stars in / makes a cameo appearance
2. is dubbed in
3. has a plot twist
4. was shot in
5. is set in
6. is based on / received positive reviews
2 Listening
A Factor
D – actor/actress
R – genre
V – director
Movie
R – Keep On Keepin’ On
D – The Bridges of Madison County
V – Pan’s Labyrinth
B • Valerie likes Pan’s Labyrinth because the visuals create a terrifying reality and a dark fantasy world. The
film shows the director’s mastery of storytelling.
• Roy likes Keep On Keepin’ On because it is an uplifting true story. He feels that people will be inspired by
this movie.
• Denise likes The Bridges of Madison County because it first got her interested in her favorite actress. She
likes the actress' acting in the movie.
3 Grammar
A 1. least favorite
2. as interesting as
3. stronger / more powerful
4. the greatest
B Sample answers
1. The speaker usually prefers other genres.
2. The speaker thinks reality is more interesting than fiction.
3. The speaker is comparing true stories and fiction. He/She thinks true stories often have a stronger and
more powerful impact on people.
4. The speaker thinks she is the best actress who ever lived.
C 1. The sequel was not as interesting as the first movie.
2. This was one of the hardest movies to watch.
3. I think he/she is the greatest actor in the world.
4. The movie was more fun than I had expected.
5. He/She is the greatest director of all time.
D Sample answers
1. Iron Man 2 was not as interesting as the first movie.
2. Hotel Rwanda was one of the hardest movies to watch.
3. I think Daniel Day Lewis is the greatest actor in the world.
4 Speaking
A Sample answers
1. I think The Lord of the Rings is a movie that everyone should watch because it is an exciting movie that
also has a deep message about fighting for what we believe is right.
2. Home Alone is a movie I have seen several times because my family watches it every Christmas.
B Sample answers
1. I love watching The Lord of the Rings. It is one of my favorite movies of all time. All aspects of the movie
are outstanding. The story is timeless, the images are fantastic, and the music is superb.
2. The movie is an action-adventure movie.
3. It is based on the classic novel by J.R.R. Tolkien.
4. It is set in the fictional realm of Middle-earth.
5. The lead role of Frodo Baggins is played by Elijah Wood.
5 Reading
A Sample answers
I think the article will be about some vacation spots which actually appear in famous movies.
B 1. Spirited Away is set in Japan and the spirit world. It is believed that the movie was based on a location in
Taiwan: Jiufen.
2. Vicky Cristina Barcelona is set in Barcelona, Spain. It was filmed in that city.
3. The Hobbit is set in fictional Middle-earth. It was actually filmed in New Zealand.
4. Pirates of the Caribbean is set in the Caribbean Sea. It was filmed in Australia.
C 1. Two girls take a trip in the movie Vicky Cristina Barcelona. They go with a man named Juan Antonio.
2. A girl works in a large bathhouse in the movie Spirited Away.
3. A man searches for the trident of Poseidon in the movie Pirates of the Caribbean. The trident is a magical
item that breaks curses and gives its possessor control of the sea.
4. You can see Gaudi’s Cathedral of the Sagrada Familia in the movie Vicky Cristina Barcelona.
5. In The Hobbit, dwarves try to take back their kingdom, which was taken from them by a dragon.
6. You can see lots of lanterns and stairs in the movie Spirited Away.
7. In The Hobbit, the main character is not a human. He is a hobbit.
D Sample answers
I have seen The Hobbit several times. I would like to visit the area near Matamata which was used for the
location of Hobbiton. This area looks so magical and beautiful in the movie. I would like to walk in that
scenery in real life.
6 Listening
A According to her, a location scout finds a place that fits the movie’s story. She also needs to be a good
negotiator because she needs to get permission from property owners before they can film there.
B When a movie is set in a real place, she goes to that location and walks everywhere to see which places best
fit the movie. If it is set in an imaginary place, she imagines the place first and does research to find some
locations that match her vision.
Over to You
1 Sample answers
I would like to visit Tokyo after seeing it in a movie. The movie was called Lost in Translation. There were
many scenes shot in Tokyo, but my favorite scenes were from the restaurants and karaoke bars in the
downtown area.
2 Sample answers
I would recommend the Adirondack Mountains as a movie location for scenes that require a peaceful setting.
3 Sample answers
I once visited a café that appeared in a movie. I think that this is an interesting way to try new things because
we can get to have unusual experiences.
3C Skills for Writing—A movie review
1 Reading
A Sample answers
I usually don’t read reviews before I see a movie. I feel that every critic judges differently, and I don’t want
their opinions to determine what movies I watch.
B • Gail Perkins liked the camerawork. She was also touched by the characters’ passion for their dreams.
• Randall Walker liked all the songs and dances. He thinks the lead actors were well cast.
• Julia Ping didn’t like the ending because she thought it was pretty cliché.
• Mark Hobin liked the lead actors’ acting, singing, and dancing.
C • Gail Perkins
It – the camerawork / This – La La Land
• Randall Walker
it – La La Land / It – La La Land / They – the songs /
They – the actors
• Julia Ping
it – La La Land / it – the ending / it – the ending
• Mark Hobin
it – La La Land / Their – the actors’ / them – the actors /
This – La La Land
2 Reading & Writing

A Sample answers
When I read a review, I expect to learn about the genre of the movie. I also expect to learn who the cast and
the director are. Then, I expect to get an overall opinion of how enjoyable the movie was to watch.
B 1. The movie is a musical directed by Damien Chazelle. It is set in Los Angeles. The lead actors are Ryan
Gosling and Emma Stone.
2. The second paragraph of the review focuses mostly on the characters and the storyline of the movie.
3. The writer thoroughly enjoyed the movie and thinks it deserves a positive review. The writer recommends
this movie because of its artistic directing, good acting, and beautiful stories about Hollywood.
C Mia and Sebastian’s – their
Mia – She
Sebastian – He
love – it
Chazelle’s – His
The movie’s opening scene – It
Damien Chazelle – He
La La Land – it
Unit 4
4A Let me explain
1 Vocabulary
A 1. judge – e) to form an opinion about
2. agree – f ) to have the same opinion
3. available – c) easy or possible to get or use
4. obey – a) to follow the orders of
5. responsible – i) reliable and trustworthy
6. logical – b) reasonable; using good judgment
7. polite – g) having or showing good manners
8. appropriate – j) suitable or fit
9. understand – d) to know the meaning of
10. mature – h) having the mentality of an adult
B 1. misjudge
2. disagree
3. unavailable
4. disobey
5. irresponsible
6. illogical
7. impolite
8. inappropriate
9. misunderstand
10. immature
B Sample answers
They are all negative prefixes. They change the meaning of the word into its opposite or give the word a
negative connotation.
C 1. unavailable
2. misunderstand
3. misjudge
4. irresponsible
5. impolite
6. disobey
7. immature
8. illogical
9. inappropriate
10. disagree
2 Listening
A 1. Amy and Victoria were planning to go on a trip together.
2. It was canceled because Victoria said she couldn’t go. She said she was too busy.
3. Amy saw a picture of Victoria and her boyfriend at a resort last week, and that made her think that
Victoria was lying.
B 1. Victoria thinks Amy is mad at her because Amy hasn’t talked to her ever since they met at the café.
2. She had to work the whole time she was at a resort with her boyfriend last weekend.
3. Victoria is worried that Amy might have thought she didn’t care much about their friendship.
C Sample conversation
V=Victoria, A=Amy
V Amy, I’m really sorry about the trip. Can we talk about it?
A Yes. I’m glad you asked. Tell me what really happened.
V You must have been upset with me for canceling our trip. I can understand why you might feel that way.
But I think you misunderstood me.
A I was actually very disappointed. I felt like you didn’t value our friendship as much as you value work or
other people.
V No, Amy. I’m sorry I didn’t explain everything in more detail. I’ve actually been very busy with work. I
did plan a trip with Pete, and we went to a resort. But I ended up working for two days there. I didn’t want to
do the same during our trip.
A Oh… I didn’t know about that. I’m sorry for being so stubborn. I should have been more understanding.
Let’s postpone our trip until later.
3 Grammar
A 1. couldn’t have been
2. might have thought
3. must have made
B a–3
b–2
c–1
C 1. couldn’t have
2. might have
3. could have
4. must have
4 Speaking
A Sample answers
1. Irma might have left home in a hurry. She could have cut her finger. She must have forgotten to turn the
stove off.
2. Both George and Ethel might have wanted to choose a TV show to watch. She could have been mad at
him because of his outfit. George might have started enjoying hip-hop music at some point of time. This
could have made Ethel upset.
5 Reading
A Sample answers
People with dyslexia could have difficulty reading text, including books, signs, memos, directions, etc.
B 1. T
2. F
3. F
C 1. Beatrice Davenport is the founder of the Davenport Center for Understanding Dyslexia.
2. She found out that her son had dyslexia when he had trouble learning to read after starting school. Her
friend suggested that he might have dyslexia.
3. She says that some students have above-average IQs with exceptional problem solving skills, while other
students have average or below average IQs, just like any group.
4. Dyslexic students can get discouraged because their classmates make fun of them and their teachers might
misjudge them.
5. She suggests that schools find teaching and testing methods that aren’t text-based. She also suggests that
schools communicate with parents about how to give their children the best chance of success.
6 Listening
1. Cole is a (sci-fi) writer.
2. Some people might have assumed that Cole couldn’t have done enough reading and writing to be a good
writer.
3. Cole overcame his difficulties by memorizing the things he heard as a whole, memorizing all of the
spellings, and practicing more than any of his classmates.
4. Cole believes that dyslexia helped him become a more unique sci-fi writer because he visualizes
everything he writes first and thinks of the words later.
Over to You
1 Sample answers
I moved to a different country when I was young. Because I couldn’t speak the language that the other kids
spoke at school, many of them treated me like I was a baby. They might have assumed that I wasn’t
intelligent enough to express my opinions at first.
2 Sample answers
I think it’s hard to overcome difficulties when you are all alone. It’s best to get support from people who
really care about you.
4B Getting it right
1 Vocabulary
A Sample answers
• stereotypes – assumptions about people

• prejudice – a feeling of dislike towards someone only because of his/her appearance or identity
B 1. sensible – d) practical and realistic
2. judgmental – g) overcritical
3. sympathetic – j) understanding
4. suspicious – e) distrustful
5. timid – i) lacking courage and confidence
6. rude – b) harsh
7. supportive – c) encouraging and helpful
8. conventional – f ) traditional
9. rebellious – a) resisting authority, control, or social standards
10. pessimistic – h) having a negative view of life
C Sample answers
I would like to borrow the “male nurse” living book. I would like to know how he responds to people who
do not rely on his treatment just because he is a man.
2 Listening
A age / gender
B 1. T
2. F
3. T
4. F
C Sample answers
I think my grandfather would be a popular living book. He fought in Europe during World War II, and he has
many stories about living through that historic event.
3 Grammar
A 1. hadn’t spotted / wouldn’t have started
2. had been discouraged / listened / would have quit
B Sample answers
The first part of the sentence introduced by “if” is the hypothetical situation, the second part expresses the
possible outcome.
C 2. If I had not been overweight when I was young, people would have been nice to me.
3. If I’d been wearing nice clothes, I would have been allowed into the restaurant.
4. If I had not been a woman, my parents would have been supportive of my dreams.
5. If I had gone to college, I would have many job opportunities.
D Sample answers
No. I don’t think situation number 4 is realistic in today’s world. It could differ from culture to culture. But
in my country, most women are educated equally, and have equal chances of pursuing their career goals.
4 Speaking
A Sample answers
The statement that “Girls like pink” is one of the most common stereotypes in my country. It could actually
be misleading in many situations.
B Sample answers
1. Racism
2. Once when I was a teenager, I left my house keys in my gym locker. I realized I couldn’t get into my
house when I got home. As a result, I tried to get in through my bedroom window. My neighbor saw me and
called the police. She told them someone who didn’t belong in the neighborhood was trying to break into the
house. Our family was the only minority family on the block, and she didn’t realize that I was her neighbor.
Soon, the police arrived and put me under arrest. When my neighbor realized it was me, she was shocked
and embarrassed. I asked her how she couldn’t recognize me after all of the neighborhood events her family
and mine had attended together. She responded by saying that she was just trying to make sure no one was
trying to steal from my family’s house.
3. If I had knocked on her door to let her know about my keys, she wouldn’t have thought I was a burglar.
5 Reading
A Sample answers
The woman seems to be a hairdresser, since she is styling someone else’s hair.
B Carolina Contreras is a hair salon owner. The Dominican Republic has Eurocentric beauty standards, which
include having straight hair. She does not agree with this standard of beauty because she thinks that it
prevents women from being proud of who they really are.
C 1. She cut off her chemically straightened hair and let her natural curls grow.
2. She started a blog because she wanted to help Dominican women who wanted to go natural but didn’t
know how to style and care for their naturally curly hair.
3. She ended up opening a salon because her blog gained tremendous popularity.
4. Aside from giving people great hairstyles, the mission of Miss Rizos is to teach black women to love the
bodies they were born with.
5. When she first grew her curls, people around her didn’t want her to “look African.” She also experienced
discrimination in public, when a guard told Contreras and her friends that their hair was inappropriate.
D 1. eradicate
2. expand
3. repercussions
E Sample answers
In my country, women are expected to be very thin. Women feel that they must be much thinner than what is
normal or healthy to be beautiful.
6 Listening
A 1. how to accept her natural hair and make it look stylish
2. were judgmental and sarcastic at first / love her soft and glamorous curls
3. straighten their hair / figure out how to care for their curly hair
B Sample answers
I think it’s important for them to keep their hair natural because keeping their hair natural is a way for them
to accept who they are and to show that they are naturally beautiful.
Over to You
1 Sample answers
I wanted to change my eyes. My eyes are small, but I want big eyes like models and movie stars. The story
of Miss Rizos helps me see that I am beautiful the way that I am and that I don’t really have to change looks.
2 Sample answers
In my society, it is considered inappropriate for women to participate in combat sports like boxing.
However, I am a huge fan of the sport, and I am training every day to become a female boxer.
4C Skills for Writing—A biography
1 Reading
A 1. while
2. until
3. since
4. once [when]
5. as soon as [when]
6. before [as soon as]
7. when [after]
8. after
B When / As soon as/ while / Later / While / During / When / when
C 1. When she was nine, her father left the family, leaving her mother to raise the children alone, and she
completed primary school while looking after her younger siblings.
2. While working as a beautician, she often read news articles about World War I pilots, which sparked her
interest in aviation.
3. She went to France to attend flight school because she was not allowed to attend flight school in the
United States due to racial and gender discrimination.
4. She died on April 30, 1926 when her plane malfunctioned and crashed.
D Sample answers
I am impressed by Bessie Coleman’s passion and efforts. It’s amazing to know that she taught herself French
and moved to France to attend flight school. I think Bessie Coleman was able to overcome hardships and
prejudice by having clear goals that she constantly focused on.
2 Writing
A Sample information
1919 enrolls at Columbia University
1921 completes flying lessons; buys her first plane
1928 Jun 18 becomes the first woman to cross the Atlantic as an air passenger
1929 Aug 13-20 participates in the first women’s air derby
1932 Aug 25 becomes the first woman to fly coast-to-coast across the US
1935 Jan 11 becomes the first person to fly solo from Hawaii to California
1935 Apr 19 becomes the first person to fly solo from Los Angeles to Mexico City
1937 Jul 19 the search for Earhart and Noonan is called off
1939 legally declared dead
B Sample writing
Amelia Earhart was born on July 24, 1897, in Atchison, Kansas, USA. As a young adult, she decided to
pursue a medical career. She studied at Columbia University in 1919 and planned to study medicine. But
then she took her first plane ride in 1920 and decided to become a pilot.
In 1921, Earhart began flying lessons and soon bought her first airplane. As soon as she received her pilot’s
license, she set a record for the highest flight by a female pilot. After this, she continued to set records,
becoming the first woman to cross the Atlantic Ocean as an air passenger in 1928 and participating in the
first women’s air derby in 1929.
On May 21, 1932, she became the first woman to fly across the Atlantic. She went on to become the first
woman to fly across the US in 1932. She also became the first person to fly from Hawaii to California in
January, 1935, and the first person to fly from Los Angeles to Mexico City in April of the same year.
After these accomplishments, Earhart decided to try a flight around the world. Her first attempt was in
March of 1937. It was cancelled because her plane got damaged. She began again on June 1 of that year with
a navigator named Fred Noonan. On July 2, 1937, however, Earhart’s plane disappeared near Howland
Island in the Pacific. The US government began to search for Earhart and Noonan, but the search was called
off on July 19. She was legally declared dead in 1939.
Amelia Earhart was an inspirational woman.
Listening
A 1. b
2. b
3. c
4. c
B 1. e
2. a
3. b
C 1. beauty standards
2. natural curly hair
3. salon
4. rude comments
5. challenge
Grammar
A 1. tell me how to get
2. get my computer fixed
3. If Sam had had enough time
4. must have happened
5. couldn’t have called
B 1. b
2. c
3. b
4. b
5. c
6. a
Vocabulary
A 1. misjudge
2. irresponsible
3. illogical
4. immature
5. impolite
6. inappropriate
B 1. (t)imid
2. (r)ebellious
3. (s)upportive
4. (p)essimistic
C 1. plot twist
2. lead role
3. review
4. cameo
D 1. sing karaoke
2. busking
3. arrangement
4. plays cover songs
Unit 5
5A Looking for a job
1 Vocabulary
A Sample answers
Aerospace engineer, automotive engineer, and mechanical engineer are some jobs I want to search for on job
search sites.
B 1. editor
2. civil engineer
3. plumber
4. interpreter
5. pediatrician
6. psychiatrist
7. financial analyst
8. attorney
9. sales associate
10. cartographer
2 Listening
A 1. Albert
major: criminal law / desired job: defense attorney
2. Tatiana
major: farm management / desired job: farmer
3. Oleg
major: Arabic language and culture / desired job: interpreter
4. Lena
major: business / desired job: writer
B 1. Oleg; because interpreters can work for almost anyone
2. Lena; because studying business gave her ideas of some interesting themes to write about
3. Albert; at a law firm
4. Tatiana; to run her family’s farm when her dad retires
3 Grammar
A 1. will have graduated
2. will have worked
3. will be doing
4. will be writing
B Sample answers
• I’ll work in healthcare.: The speaker is saying what he/she plans to do in the future.
• I’ll be working in healthcare.: The speaker is saying that he/she will be working in the healthcare field
continuously at a certain time in the future.
• I’ll work for my dad.: The speaker is saying what he/she plans to do in the future.
• I’ll have worked for my dad (for ten years).: The speaker is saying that he/she will work for his/her dad and
will continue to work, and it will be for ten years by a certain time in the future.
C 1. be doing
2. have stopped / be learning
3. have disappeared
D Sample answers
1. I do believe that more people will be doing most of their work from home in five years because
technology allows people to connect and work together over the internet. This will allow companies to hire
talented people from all over the world.
2. I don’t believe that students will stop learning foreign languages in ten years. Although skills like coding
will become more important, learning a foreign language has many benefits, such as improving memory and
expanding creativity.
3. I don’t believe that jobs like telemarketing and teaching will have disappeared in 30 years. Although
robots and other kinds of artificial intelligence are becoming more advanced, there are certain jobs they
cannot do. Telemarketers have to convince people to buy a product, while teachers must understand the
learning needs of different kinds of students. These tasks are too complex to be replaced by robots.
4 Speaking
B Sample answers
C Sample answers
Teacher is the most logical job for me. I gave higher scores for type of work and work hours, and I gave the
lowest score for good company culture. This is because I like being in academic settings, and teachers have
regular schedules and a lot of vacation time. The only downside is the company culture because schools are
often inefficient and teachers don’t get much support from their supervisors.
5 Listening
A Sample answers
I do not like math. I was never interested in it enough to study it enthusiastically. It was the only subject that
I needed extra help with from my teachers.
B 1. The two math majors offered are mathematical economics and mathematics.
2. Mathematical economics has to do with statistics and analyzing strategies. The speaker recommends
combining mathematics with a second program.
3. The speaker suggests that unsure students should just pick one major and start with it. If they are unhappy
with their choice, they can change it later.
C M – computer programmer
ME – business analyst
M – accountant
ME – economist
M – math teacher
6 Reading
B Sample answers
• Maia Abbott has a tape measure around her neck and there is a mannequin in the background, so I think
she is a fashion designer.
• Richard Snelling is wearing a baseball cap and is standing on what looks like a baseball field, so I think he
is a coach.
• Clara Lesley is drawing something, so I think she is an artist.
C Maia Abbott
1. She is a fashion designer.
2. She uses algebra, geometry, and calculus when designing clothes.
3. She must calculate proportions. She must add or subtract fabric to make garments fit well in various sizes.
She must calculate the amount of fabric and other components she needs to fulfill her orders. She must keep
track of all financial numbers so that she can become a profitable designer.
Richard Snelling
1. He is the assistant general manager of a baseball team.
2. He uses statistics to determine his team’s strategy.
3. He collects data on everything that happens during his team’s games. He uses this data to assess every
player’s performance and value. This helps his team decide which players should be kept, traded, or brought
in from other teams.
Clara Lesley
1. She is a special-effects artist.
2. She uses high-level math such as analytic geometry.
3. She uses math to operate software that helps artists mimic physical movement. Her ability to do high-level
calculations herself allows her to create extraordinary images that computer software alone cannot generate.
D Sample answers
One other career that requires mathematical knowledge is accounting. An accountant deals with financial
information about businesses and corporations. So it is essential for an accountant to have a good
understanding of numbers and mathematics.
D Sample answers
Since I want to become a composer, subjects related to music composition and music theory seem essential
to me.
D Sample answers
I gained many things from school that I didn’t expect. As a member of the drama club, I learned to cooperate
with others. I learned to play the trumpet in band, which I still play sometimes. And most importantly, I made
many life-long friends.
5B Work life
1 Vocabulary
A 1. get promoted
2. quit
3. retire
4. maternity leave
5. a pay cut
6. a raise
7. set up
8. get fired
9. take a day off
10. in charge of
11. work overtime
12. work night shifts
B Sample answers
• My brother has increased the profits of his store for three straight years, so he will be promoted to general
manager soon.
• My cousin is unhappy at the company he is currently working at. He will quit next month and find a
similar job with a new company.
2 Listening
A 1. Sandra is an event planner.
2. Aileen is an aromatherapist.
3. Zack is a cartographer or GIS developer.
B Sandra
1. She began planning events for family and friends. She then decided to apply for a paid position as an
assistant event planner.
2. She organizes large events by choosing the location, planning the transportation, ordering food and drinks,
and choosing dynamic activities.
3. She enjoys the excitement of planning large events.
Aileen
1. She took a break from work to learn about aromatherapy. She enjoyed it so much that she decided to
create her own business.
2. She massages patients with scented oils to improve their mental health. She also informs them of what
aromatherapy can and can’t do for their health, and helps them find proper treatment when needed.
3. She enjoys seeing her work improve her patients’ moods immediately.
Zack
1. He studied geographic information systems and then worked as a cartographer for his city’s government.
2. He creates and edits maps. As cities change, he inputs new data into their system to keep the maps up to
date.
3. He enjoys his job because the work he does is actually helpful to people. He also enjoys the great working
conditions and the high pay.
3 Grammar
A 1. Planning a successful event
2. One problem I have
3. The best thing about my job
4. What I enjoy the most here
B 1. Planning a successful event involves coordination with many different kinds of businesses.
2. One problem I have is that I work overtime fairly often.
3. The best thing about my job is seeing how aromatherapy can improve my patients’ moods immediately.
4. What I enjoy the most here is the fantastic working conditions.
C 1–c
2–b
3–a
4–d
D Sample answers
1. Having a full-time job means that I will have less time for my hobbies.
2. Some things I miss about my student life are hanging out with my friends and having lots of free time.
3. The best way to spend my first paycheck is to invite my significant other to an expensive dinner.
4. What I want to do most on my holiday is explore my city and discover new and interesting places to hang out.
4 Speaking
A Sample answers
• I think Tyler quit his job because he wanted to help people in need. He will probably work for charity or
take part in other volunteer programs.
• Christine probably quit her job because she wanted to travel. She will probably travel the world.
• Raymond probably quit his job because of his health problems. He will probably rest to recover.
• I think Judy quit her job because she needed to improve her ability. I think she will study.
• Edward probably quit his job because he needed family time with his son. He will probably go on paternity
leave.
B 1. Tyler is working on the storybook project full-time.
2. Christine is still traveling.
3. Raymond is back to work.
4. Judy finished her master’s degree and found a new job in a university publishing department.
5. Edward is taking care of his son at home, and thinking of quitting his job.
C Sample answers
• A mid-career break would allow people to evaluate their situation in life and make changes to their career
which would eventually make them happier.
• Taking a break could cause a person to miss out on promotions as well as deplete their savings.
C Sample answers
If I could take a mid-career break, I would. After I have substantial savings, I would like to take a two year
break and pursue a master’s degree in a totally different field.
5 Reading
A 1. The writer had unrealistic expectations about the future when he/she was in his/her final semester of
undergraduate study.
2. The writer believed that his/her hard work as a student was about to pay off as he/she entered an exciting
career in his/her chosen field.
3. The rest of the article will be about what the writer learned from his/her job after college.
B • Hugo did not have much experience on team projects and did not know he had to collaborate on projects
with diverse team members with varying personalities.
• Edith found that her life became much busier after leaving college and taking her first job.
• Juliet thought her trial and error would be understood since she was new. But the reality was that she just
had to work overtime to complete her work on time.
• Jan thought he would finally start an exciting career. But he actually spent his whole day photocopying
things.
• Greg thought careers directly related to his major were the only options for him. But in reality, he could
work in a totally different field, like for an international gaming company.
C 1. insufficient
2. working people / students
3. professional
4. entry-level
5. major
C Sample answers
I agree that what graduates learn in school is usually insufficient for a successful work life. But I don’t think
the point of school is only to train graduates to do specific jobs. Different companies have different
expectations, even when it comes to the same jobs. Graduates will have to adapt no matter how well
prepared they are.
6 Listening
A 1. Juan is studying medicine. After he graduates, he plans to be a surgeon.
2. He regrets not studying English more seriously.
B 1. He needs to take care of his health so that he can complete surgeries that last ten hours or longer.
He needs good interpersonal communication skills because his job requires him to interact with patients on a
sincere and personal level.
2. He feels that he did have a difficult transition from being an ordinary student to being a professional
surgeon because the things that he learned in school did not prepare him for everything he needed to be a
surgeon.
Over to You
1 Sample answers
I feel that I am not well-prepared for my future career. I have a lot of knowledge in my field, but I have not
developed the practical skills that I will need to be successful in the workplace.
2 Sample answers
I think people worry about whether or not they will be able to adjust well, get along with coworkers, and
perform well in their positions. I would try to find a more experienced coworker who is willing to give me
advice.
5C Skills for Writing & Speaking—A cover letter / A job interview
1 Reading & Writing

A Sample answers
The summer webpage developer Internship is a better match for John because this internship will allow him
to use the knowledge he has learned while studying at his university.
B Dear Mr. Williams,
I’m writing to apply for the summer webpage developer internship at TeachTech online.
I believe I would be a good fit for this position. I’m majoring in computer science at Belfort University. I
can use JavaScript and C. I have a good understanding of educational website development.
Last summer, I helped the Kalvin Jr. High computer department develop a website for playing math games.
Attached, please find my résumé.
I admire the work that TeachTech has done for many schools, and I would love to work for you. I would
appreciate the opportunity to learn from experienced developers.
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Best regards,
John Curtis
C Sample writing
Dear Edith Klein,
I’m writing to apply for the counselor position at Tech for Kids.
I believe I would be a good fit for this position. I have been interested in programming for several years, and
I’m majoring in computer science at Belfort University. I can use JavaScript and C.
Last summer, I helped the Kalvin Jr. High computer department develop a website for playing math games. I
also have experience working with students. I have worked as a teaching assistant for an afterschool
computer class at Kalvin Jr. High. Attached, please find my résumé.
I admire the work that Tech for Kids is doing to provide educational programs to so many students, and I
would love to work for you.
I would appreciate the opportunity to learn from experienced educators.
Best regards,
John Curtis
2 Listening & Speaking

A Sample answers
I have been to a job interview. I was asked why I wanted to work for that company. I was also asked why I
thought I would be successful at that job.
B 1–e
2–a
3–d
4–b
5–c
C Sample answers
• Arrive on time and try to appear relaxed.
• Research the company you are interviewing with so that you understand its history and the type of work
the company does.
D I Hello, Mr. Curtis. How are you?
J I’m doing great, thanks.
I Good. Let’s get started then. Why are you interested in this job?
J The main reason is that I enjoy developing online platforms for educational use.
I What kind of experience do you have in this field?
J I have experience developing websites for online learning materials. I helped develop a website for
playing math games. I’m familiar with JavaScript and C.
I What qualities do you think someone needs to do this job?
J Er… Um… Well…(→ short pause) I think a good candidate for this job should be willing to make
suggestions but also listen to others.
I Do you know how to use Webseeds?
J What? (→ I’m sorry, could you repeat that name?)
I Webseeds. It’s a tool we use. Have you used it before?
J Um… No. I’m sorry. (→ I’m afraid not. I haven’t used it before, but I’m a fast learner.)
I That’s not a problem. We can teach you. When would you be able to start work?
J Um… Well…(→ I have to check my schedule for the exact date, but) I can start at the beginning of
next month.
I Great. I think that covers everything. Do you have any questions?
J No. (→ Yes, I do. What is the dress code here?
I There aren’t any particular rules about how you should dress. You can wear whatever is
comfortable. Any other questions?
J No. Thanks for the answer.
I Good.) Well, it’s been nice meeting you. We’ll contact you by the end of this week.
J Thank you for your time. I look forward to hearing from you.
Unit 6
6A Rules for life
1 Vocabulary
A 1. get to know – j) spend time with and learn about
2. get around to – d) find time for
3. get away with – i) do something without being caught
4. get the feeling – e) begin thinking
5. get rid of – b) throw away
6. get by – a) manage to live
7. get back at – c) take revenge on
8. get over – h) accept and stop thinking about
9. get behind – g) fail to do work on time
10. get off – f ) leave work
B Sample answers
My rule for life is to treat others the way that I want to be treated. This rule is a good idea because it makes
me act in a respectable way towards others.
2 Listening
A 1. The rule that Kim is talking about is “Be understanding and forgiving.” She does not agree with this rule
completely. She feels that being too forgiving can be misleading.
2. The rule that Noah is talking about is “Honesty is the best policy.” He does not completely agree with
this rule. He thinks that sometimes it is better to tell a small lie.
B Kim
1. Cathy used to be late for everything.
2. She didn’t want to risk ruining the day or their friendship.
3. Cathy didn’t know anything about it until Kim got mad at her. Sheapologized and promised not to be late
again.
Noah
1. Noah’s parents didn’t think Noah could do anything on his own.
2. His mom was thinking of visiting him to cook a proper meal for him.
3. He regretted telling his mom that he was living off of instant food.
C Sample answers
I disagree with the rule for life that says “Honesty is the best policy.” My boyfriend asked me to help him
plan a trip, but I wanted to go shopping with my friends. So I just told him I felt like going shopping with
my friends because I didn’t want to lie to him about such small things. Later, he told me that the fact that I
preferred to spend more time with my friends than him hurt his feelings.
3 Grammar
A 1. ruining
2. to be
3. to hear
4. realize
5. to call
6. having said
B 1. gerunds
2. infinitives
3. infinitives
4. infinitives without to
5. infinitives
6. gerunds
C 1. having eaten / having slept / having watched
2. to be
3. to make
4. ruin
5. to be / interfere
D Sample answers
• I don’t agree with rule number one. It’s better for me not to eat, sleep, or watch TV too much. I think it is a
very lazy way of spending my time.

• My Own Rule: Focus as much energy on the happiness of the people you love as you do on yourself.
4 Speaking
B Sample answers
Jonathan was not close to me but he helped me when I was in need. I had just moved to a new town, and I
was suddenly asked to leave the apartment I was staying at. I barely knew Jonathan, but he let me stay at his
home while I searched for a new apartment.
C Sample answers
Be willing to help in times of need. Good friends try to think of each other’s needs first, and offer to help
when they see their friends struggling.
5 Reading
A Sample answers
I know the saying “Every cloud has a silver lining.” It means that every bad event has a hopeful side to it,
even though it may not show immediately.
B Sample answers
1. I am familiar with the situations mentioned. I often feel that unlucky events happen at the worst time. For
example, when I’m driving in a lane and the traffic gets bad, I shift to an empty lane. Without exception, the
lane I shifted to ends up having more traffic.
2. When something can either have a positive or a negative outcome, it always has a negative outcome for
me.
C The first factor is probability. Whether events are good or bad, they are bound to be clustered together rather
than spread out uniformly. The second factor is perception. We don’t give much thought to things when they
are going well, but when things go wrong we tend to look for reasons.
D 1. F
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. T
E Sample answers
• I agree with “The other line always moves faster.” This happens to me at the cashier whenever I go
shopping.
• My rule is, “If everything is going well, you are doing something wrong.”
6 Listening
A √ His flight was overbooked.
√ It rained when he went to see the Statue of Liberty.
√ He saw his favorite actress in the lobby.
B 1. lemonade
2. milk
3. done
4. cloud
C 1. It means that we should find a way to make the best out of a bad situation.
2. It means that we shouldn’t regret something that has already happened and cannot be changed.
3. It means that something has already happened and there is nothing that can be done.
4. It means that there is always a bright side to every unfortunate or unlucky event.
Over to You
2 Sample answers
I feel that I am a lucky person. My luckiest experience was winning $3000 in a casino.
3 Sample answers
I agree with this statement. We determine whether or not our life and our experiences are positive by how we
think about our experiences.
6B A better place to live
1 Vocabulary
A 1. limit
2. permitted
3. against the law
4. by law
5. mandatory
6. break the law
7. change the law
8. restrict
9. recommended
10. prohibited
B Sample answers
In my country, there is a law prohibiting drinking in public areas.
2 Listening
A √ signs
B Kate
1. Thailand
2. the sign that says visitors must be properly dressed
3. She feels that the rule is a good way for visitors to show respect to the sacred temple.
Tommy, Petra
1. Singapore
2. the signs that say you’re allowed to eat or drink only in designated areas / the signs that list fines
3. They think that the rules are good because they keep the city safe and clean.
3 Grammar
A 1. must
2. were not allowed
3. had to
4. shouldn’t
B 1. can – permission
2. must – obligation
3. must not – prohibition
4. had to – obligation
C 1. could / must
2. had to / don’t have to
3. have to
4 Speaking
A Sample answers
1. The city could make a law that would fine drivers for speeding through large puddles on rainy days.
2. The city needs a new law that limits weekly working hours.
3. The city must install more trash cans and fine people who litter.
4. There should be a law that says at least one new public facility should be opened every year.
5. A law that says pets must be caged or fastened into their seats is necessary.
B 1. She suggests a fine for drivers who splash water, and she also suggests restricting driving speeds on wet
roads.
2. She suggests a law that limits working hours. If a company exceeds the limit, it should be shut down for a
month.
3. He suggests a new law requiring the city to install a certain number of trash cans. He also suggests the
punishment for littering should be ten hours of community service picking up trash.
4. He suggests a law stating that tax money must be used for certain public purposes. The penalty for
noncompliance should be forcing the mayor to resign.
5. She suggests a new law that requires people to safely restrain animals inside vehicles. The suggested
penalty is a heavy fine.
C Sample answers
1. One of the problems in my town is that people don’t keep their dogs on leashes while walking with them
in public.
2. There are currently some signs that warn pet owners to keep their pets on leashes, but there is no penalty
for not doing so. I think people should at least be fined for not keeping their pets on leashes.
3. I would create a law which says that pet owners get a $500 fine for walking their dog in public without a
leash.
5 Listening
A 1. T
2. T
3. F
4. T
B 1. an elderly Catholic bishop who is known for his kindness and generosity
2. No one will serve Jean Valjean because he is a known criminal.
3. in the bishop’s home
6 Reading
A 1. Myriel’s silverware. He then climbs out of the window and runs away.
2. The police bring Valjean to Myriel’s house. Valjean was caught with the silverware.
3. Myriel tells the police that he gave Valjean the silverware and that Valjean was also supposed to take the
silver candlesticks.
4. Myriel tells Valjean that his life has been saved and asks that he be an honest man from then.
B Sample answers
I don’t think that Myriel did the right thing. Myriel could have allowed a criminal to go free and harm many
other innocent people.
C 1. a young boy named Little Gervais
2. a coin
3. He thinks about his past. He thinks about his time in jail and his release. He thinks about meeting the
bishop and stealing from the child.
4. Valjean vows to change his ways and become a better person.
D Sample answers
I think it’s because he failed to become a better person, even after Myriel gave him a chance to change his
ways.
Over to You
1 Sample answers
Recently, someone stole my wallet from my bag while I was riding on the subway. I have not forgiven this
person because stealing should not be justified.
2 Sample answers
I believe that love and compassion have the ability to change someone’s heart. However, laws and
punishments are more effective at preventing bad people from committing crimes.
3 Sample answers
I think that Valjean was not fully responsible for stealing the loaf of bread. In the time he was living in,
many people lived in poverty for unfair reasons. I think his crime was petty compared to the corruption
going on in the society around him.
6C Skills for Writing—An opinion essay
1 Reading & Writing

A Sample answers
The legal drinking age in my country is 21. I think this is reasonable because it’s risky to expect younger
people to be responsible with alcohol.
B However / First / For instance / Second / According to / In conclusion / Thus
C 1. The topic is the legal drinking age. The writer feels that a high legal drinking age is beneficial.
2. Reason 1: Drinking is more dangerous than other activities. Supporting Details: Drinking puts other
people’s lives at risk in addition to the person who consumed alcohol. More than 40,000 college students
have reported being injured by someone who was drunk.
3. Reason 2: Drinking can have harmful effects on the development of the brain.
Supporting Details: According to a study, alcohol can damage the parts of the brain responsible for learning
and memory.
4. The writer restates his/her opinion and briefly lists the reasons. The writer says that it is the society’s duty
to protect all citizens, so he/she supports keeping the drinking age high.
D Sample answers
I do support the positions made in the essay. I think that alcohol is a very powerful chemical that has the
ability to destroy people’s lives in many ways. So it is dangerous if younger people are exposed to it.
1 Reading & Writing

A Sample answers
We should raise the current legal age for driving.
B Sample answers
Driving:
• Young people are too immature.
• A car is a deadly weapon.
• The brain is still developing and might not be able to respond quickly enough to different situations.
C Sample answers
Topic
Driving
Introduction
In the United States, people are allowed to legally drive a car at the age of 16.
I believe that raising the legal age for driving to 21 would make our society safer.
Body 1
• Reason 1:
Young drivers do not have enough experience in life to take the responsibility of driving seriously.
• Supporting details:
Drivers between the ages of 16 and 20 make up only 3% of the driving population, but they make up 33% of
the people convicted of crimes related to dangerous driving.
Young people are more likely to make other bad decisions like driving under the influence of alcohol or
participating in street racing with their friends.
Body 2
• Reason 2:
The teenage brain is still developing and may not be capable of operating a vehicle as safely as a 21 year
old.
• Supporting details:
The Department of Motor Vehicles estimates that driving requires thousands of decisions every minute to
make sure that the car is in the right position, at the right speed, and fully in control. The developing brain
may not be able to consistently make all of the decisions needed to remain safe. There are several other
activities that we do not trust young adults to participate in. For instance, people must be 18 years old to
vote, marry, join the military, and smoke tobacco.
D Sample writing
In the United States, people are allowed to legally drive a car at the age of 16. Many people see getting a
driver’s license at the age of 16 as an important part of growing up and gaining independence. However, I
believe that raising the legal age for driving to 21 would make our society safer.
First, young drivers do not have enough experience in life to take the responsibility of driving seriously.
Young drivers are often not mature enough to understand how serious the consequences are for improperly
operating such a powerful machine. For example, drivers between the ages of 16 and 20 make up only 3% of
the driving population, but they make up 33% of the people convicted of crimes related to dangerous
driving. Furthermore, young people are more likely to make other bad decisions, like driving under the
influence of alcohol or participating in street racing with their friends. In contrast, by the time they are 21,
most people have years of life experience that result in more mature and responsible behavior.
Second, the teenage brain is still developing and may not be capable of operating a vehicle as safely as a 21
year old. For instance, the Department of Motor Vehicles estimates that driving requires thousands of
decisions every minute to make sure that the car is in the right position, at the right speed, and fully in
control.
The developing brain may not be able to consistently make all of the decisions needed to remain safe.
Moreover, there are several other activities that we do not trust young adults to participate in.
For instance, people must be 18 years old to vote, marry, join the military, and smoke tobacco. In addition,
people must be 21 before they are legally allowed to consume alcohol. If we restrict young adults from
participating in these activities, it makes sense that we would also restrict people under the age of 21 from
operating a potentially deadly car on public roads.
In conclusion, raising the legal age for driving to 21 would make our society safer. Young drivers are not
mature enough to take the responsibility of operating a car seriously. In addition, the brain of a young adult
may not be developed enough to operate a vehicle as safely as a 21 year old. Thus, it is the duty of society to
protect the lives and safety of all drivers by raising the legal driving age to 21.
Listening
A 1. a
2. c
3. c
4. b
B 1. a
2. b
3. e
C 1. b
2. b
3. a
4. c
Grammar
A 1. was
2. to forgive
3. to see
4. promise
5. to yell [yelling]
6. to be honest
B 1. will be working
2. will have gained
3. will be doing
4. will have learned
5. will have [been] finished
C 1. a
2. a
3. b
4. c
5. b
Vocabulary
A 1. (c)artographer
2. (p)lumber
3. (p)ediatrician
4. (s)ales associate
B 1. get back at
2. get over
3. get around to
4. get away with
C 1. a
2. c
3. b
4. c
Unit 7
7A I’m fluent in English
1 Vocabulary
A Sample answers
Yes, I do. I enjoy learning foreign languages because I feel that they are useful. They help you communicate
with people whom you wouldn’t be able to talk to otherwise. Besides English, I would like to learn Chinese.
These days, China is becoming very popular, and it seems like a good idea to be able to speak the language.
B 1. fluent
2. alternative
3. memorize
4. exceptions
5. accurately
6. bilingual
7. native
8. accent
9. simplify
10. omit
11. confusion
12. context
2 Listening
A 1. the word fault and the word fart
2. the word plans and the word promise
3. the word bathroom and the word toilet
B 1. M; this = Australian English
2. D; this = pronunciation
3. J; this = direct translation
C Sample answers
I remember one time when I was just starting to learn English. I had just arrived in the US and was looking
for somewhere to eat lunch. But my pronunciation was pretty bad at the time. Anyway, I found a nice
looking place and walked in. Then, I told the waiter that I wanted some launch. The waiter laughed and
asked me if I wanted a space shuttle with my order. I realized that I should say lunch, and not launch. From
then on, I never mispronounced this word again.
3 Grammar
A 1. All of the members of my group covered their noses right away and started to laugh madly.
2. I was called “Mr. Fart” from that day on.
3. We often make awkward or funny mistakes.
4. I studied English in the Philippines, where American English is commonly used.
B Sample answers
1. Madly and right away are adverbial phrases that modify the subjects’ actions.
2. From that day on comes at the end of the sentence because it is an expression that describes time. It could
be moved to the beginning of the sentence.
3. Often is placed directly before the main verb. The adverbs that describe frequency usually come before
verbs.
4. Commonly is modifying is used in the sentence, so it should be placed between is and used.
C 1. When speaking, completely forget about grammar rules.
2. Remember that things like grammar, spelling, and word choice matter a lot once you get to an advanced
level.
3. You can’t learn a language all alone at home. Go out and talk with real people.
D Sample answers
I find going out and talking to real people useful. This helps me get over my feelings of nervousness.
Additionally, I find that native speakers often correct me when I make mistakes. This is very helpful.
4 Speaking
A Sample answers
When I don’t know the name for something I usually try to describe it using context clues, and I make lots
of gestures.
B 1. shower pouf/loofah
2. power outlets/power sockets
3. screwdriver
4. nail clippers
5. spork
6. mechanical pencil
7. cup sleeve
8. shoelace
9. pacifier
C Sample answers
• power outlet/power socket: an object that you plug electrical appliances into
D Sample answers
• correction fluid (correction tape): an item you can use to correct something written on paper
5 Reading
A Sample answers
I know about the made-up language Quenya from The Lord of the Rings. It is the language spoken by elves.
J.R.R. Tolkien came up with it. He was an expert linguist as well as a fiction writer.
B Conlangs are constructed languages. The languages that we normally use evolved through generations of
speakers, but conlangs are created by a single person or a small group.
C 1. Klingon
2. Dothraki
3. Elvish
4. Elvish
5. Klingon
D 1. F
2. T
3. F
4. F
5. F
E Sample answers
I think conlangs are a great idea in theory. However, I don’t think many people will take the time to learn a
conlang when they can just learn a real language instead. Also, it could be difficult to find others to talk to in
a conlang. Unless there is some event or online community based around the use of a particular conlang, I
don’t think many people will be interested.
6 Listening
A Joshua
1. Esperanto / after discovering it in an online community
2. He practices speaking Esperanto with an Esperanto group in his neighborhood.
3. The language was easy for him to learn because it is similar to the European languages that he already
knows.
Garrett
1. Toki Pona / after hearing about it from a friend
2. He gathered a group of people who want to learn the language, and they practice together after school.
3. Toki Pona is easy to learn because it only has 123 root words.
Elissa
1. Klingon / because she has always been a fan of Star Trek and wants to speak Klingon at an upcoming Star
Trek convention
2. She is taking online Klingon lessons with the Klingon Language Institute.
3. The language is hard to learn because the grammar and pronunciation are different from English.
B Sample answers
I would like to learn the two elvish languages because I am a huge fan of The Lord of the Rings. I have read
all of the books, and I’ve seen all of the movies. So, I know the history of these languages. Plus, I already
know a few phrases.
Over to You
1 Sample answers
I think it is a good idea to change languages. Some languages are written using complicated characters and
alphabets. By simplifying them, it makes it easier to learn the languages. Therefore, more people can learn and
speak them.
2 Sample answers
I think that artistic languages will have more speakers in the future. There is no need to learn auxiliary
languages. People can just study an actual language instead. On the other hand, fans of certain movies or books
might be motivated to study those conlangs.
3 Sample answers
If I created my own language, I would prefer to use it privately with only a few people. That way, we can talk
about different subjects without other people finding out.
7B Stories to tell
1 Vocabulary
A a – unpredictable
b – surreal
c – inspirational
d – comforting
e – depressing
f – heartbreaking
g – entertaining
h – whimsical
i – haunting
j – thought-provoking
B Sample answers
My favorite book is Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. It is a whimsical story about a boy who
suddenly finds out that he is a wizard. The book’s characters are relatable and well developed, and the action
near the end is riveting.
2 Listening
A E – Classic English novel
J – Fantasy
C – Self-help
E – Pride and Prejudice
C – Who Moved My Cheese?
J – The Harry Potter Series
B 1. Juan: “The descriptions made me picture every scene in my head.” / “The story taught me a lot about
life.”
2. Ellen: “The characters are so well developed and real.”
3. Connor: “The book has changed the way I view challenges in life.”
3 Grammar
A 1. got hooked / had read
2. had read / became
3. had only thought / got interested
B 1. “I had read a few fantasy novels” happened first.
2. “I had read a lot of them” happened first.
3. “I had only thought of reading as a hobby” happened first.
C 1. arrived / had broken into
2. ran into / had not seen
3. found / had picked up
4. took / had broken down
D Sample answers
I returned the wallet I had found in the bathroom to its owner.
4 Writing & Speaking

A Sample answers
Yes, I have written a story. Once, when I was in high school, our teacher had us write a science-fiction story
about life 100 years in the future. I wrote about flying cars and tourist shuttles to the moon.
B Sample writing
Lisa turned her head and looked back as she heard a weird noise. She had been standing in the same spot of
the dark forest for the last 10 minutes. She looked over at Anne, but neither of them said a word. They were
too frightened for any noise to exit their mouths. Thunder clapped in the sky above the two girls as raindrops
began to land softly on their heads. Suddenly, a lightning flash illuminated the forest, and Lisa saw it. Their
eyes met for a moment, and the creature let out a terrifying howl that made Lisa’s hair stand on end. Both
Lisa and Anne quietly whispered to themselves “please don’t come closer, please don’t come closer.” At this
point, with no hope of outrunning the creature, hoping for it to go away was all they could do. Then, just like
that, the rain stopped. The forest became clear as day under the light of the full moon. Lisa and Anne looked
in every direction, but there was no trace of the creature. It had vanished along with the storm.
5 Listening
C 1. The king starts to distrust women after his queen betrays him.
2. The king calls for a different woman every day and executes her the next day.
3. Scheherazade tries to put off her death by telling the king a story that never ends.
6 Reading
A 1. The young man is the husband of the murdered woman, and the old man is her father.
2. the young man
B 1. The young man’s wife was sick and wanted to eat a very rare apple.
2. The slave said that his girlfriend had given him the apple.
3. The young man thought that his wife betrayed him, so he murdered her.
C 1. T
2. F
3. F
D Sample answers
I think Ja’far will somehow find the slave who stole the apple and be spared from execution.
D Sample answers
I think the real ending is unreasonable. The caliph is making judgements about very serious issues of
murder, life, and death. But he is choosing whether people live or die based on how entertaining their stories
are.
Over to You
1 Sample answers
I do think stories have the power to change people. Some stories, like parables, are told specifically for this
purpose. They teach people good values by contrasting them with bad values and comparing the
consequences. Also, stories have the power to convince people to think differently. This is why we say “The
pen is mightier than the sword.”
2 Sample answers
The story of the rabbit and the tortoise taught me the importance of working continuously toward a goal. Of
course, I like to enjoy my time and relax. However, waiting until the last minute to finish a task makes life
more stressful. Moreover, there is a risk of not being able to finish on time and having to face penalties. So I
try to be like the tortoise as much as possible.
7C Skills for Writing—Using descriptive language
1 Reading & Writing

A Sample answers
A creation story, or myth, is a fictional story that explains how the world came into existence.
B Sample answers
In the beginning the world was dark and cold. People and animals suffered from cold and darkness. Some
animals heard that the sun was in the east, so they decided to try and bring it over. The opossum tried to use
its tail, but it was burned. The buzzard tried to carry the sun on its head, but it was burned as well. Then, the
spider found a magic jar and brought the sun without getting burned. The people and animals celebrated and
thanked the spider.
C In my opinion, Text B is more interesting. The adjectives and adverbs make the descriptions more vivid and
easy to visualize. They help make the writing more dynamic as well.
D Sample answers
tail → soft, bushy tail
the sun → bright scorching sun
tail → long tail
hairless tail → long, hairless, gray tail
Buzzard → fearless Buzzard
wings → powerful wings
the sun → scorching sun
claws → sharp claws
bald head → bald burnt head
web → long sturdy web
a piece → a tiny glimmering piece
took out → proudly took out
the sun → the bright sun
celebrated → celebrated joyfully
2 Speaking & Writing

A human beings / fire / punished
B Sample answers
1. Zeus told them to go to Earth and create its living creatures. Before he sent them, Zeus gave them special
gifts for their creations.
2. Prometheus started making human beings like the gods because he hoped they would do great things one
day.
3. Epimetheus quickly finished making all the animals. Then he gave out the gifts from Zeus. Some were
given strength, a good sense of sight or smell, fur, wings, or claws. He had nothing left for his brother.
4. When Prometheus finished, he saw his creatures suffering from the fear of beasts, the cold, and the
darkness. He thought human beings would be safe with fire.
5. Prometheus went to Zeus and asked him to give fire to human beings. Zeus turned down his request.
Prometheus, however, stole some fire and brought it to the people.
6. When Zeus found out what Prometheus had done, he punished him. Prometheus was chained to a
mountain. Every day an eagle flew to him and tore out his liver. Then every night, his liver grew back.
C Sample writing
Zeus requested that they go to Earth and create its living creatures. Before he sent them, Zeus gave them
special gifts for their creations. Prometheus started molding and shaping human beings like the gods because
he hoped they would do great things one day.
Epimetheus quickly finished making all the animals. Then he foolishly gave out the gifts from Zeus without
much thought. Some animals were given strength, a good sense of sight or smell, fur, wings, or claws.
Eventually, he had nothing left for his brother.
When Prometheus finished, he saw his creatures suffering from the fear of beasts, the cold, and the darkness.
He thought human beings would be safe with fire. Prometheus went to Zeus and asked to give fire to human
beings, but Zeus refused to grant his request.
Prometheus, however, deliberately defied Zeus. He secretly stole some fire and brought it to the people.
When Zeus found out what Prometheus had done, he punished him. Prometheus was cruelly chained to a
mountain. Every day an eagle flew to him and tore out his liver. Then every night, his liver grew back.
D Sample writing
Long ago, the god Zeus gave a task to two brothers, Prometheus and Epimetheus. He ordered them to go to
Earth and create its living creatures. Before he sent them, Zeus gave them special gifts to grant to their
creations. The brothers traveled to Earth and started shaping their creations.
Thoughtful Prometheus spent a good deal of time carefully crafting human beings to resemble the gods
because he hoped they would do great things one day.
However, foolish Epimetheus quickly finished molding all the animals without much thought. Then he
irresponsibly gave out the powerful gifts from Zeus. Some animals were given amazing strength, a keen
sense of sight and smell, warm and protective fur, strong wings, and sharp claws. When Epimetheus finished
his task, he realized he had given away all the gifts and had nothing left for his poor brother.
When Prometheus finally finished creating man, he saw his weak creatures suffering from the fear of
powerful beasts, biting cold, and the dark night. Prometheus anxiously tried to find a solution, and he
eventually came up with one conclusion: With fire, man could keep warm, see in the dark, and scare away
the beasts.
He immediately went to Zeus and humbly asked if he could give fire to the human beings. But Zeus became
furious, turned down his bold request, and sent him away. Prometheus, however, secretly stole some fire and
brought it to mankind. With fire, people were no longer afraid of the cold, darkness, or beasts.
When Zeus found out what Prometheus had done, he gave him a cruel punishment. He chained Prometheus
to a mountain. Every day an eagle flew to him and brutally tore out his liver, and every night his immortal
liver grew back.
Unit 8
8A We are in danger
1 Vocabulary
A 1. climate change
2. smog
3. endangered species
4. Extinction
5. Deforestation
6. plastic debris
7. Rising Sea Levels
8. Heat Waves
9. chemical waste
10. Fossil Fuel
B Sample answers
Air pollution and heat waves have been affecting me recently.
2 Listening
A Bonnie
1. climate change
2. She became concerned about this issue because she hears more news on this issue, and also because of her
neighbors’ complaints. She has also noticed strange weather.
August
1. smog
2. He became concerned about the smog in his city after his daughter was born. He began to worry about her
health.
Carol
1. littering
2. She became concerned about this issue after seeing a picture of a dead bird filled with plastic debris.
B 1. August; He believes changes can be made if everyone becomes aware of environmental issues. (He also
hopes that his daughter can live in a better environment.)
2. Bonnie; She lives in a small town, and streets are clean and quiet in her neighborhood.
3. Carol; She says that living a green life is more meaningful and responsible.
3 Grammar
A 1. have been damaged
2. is trapped
3. should be started
4. are being killed
B Be + past participle
1. have + been + past participle.
2. be + past participle
3. modal + be + past participle
4. be + being + past participle
C 1. be removed / stay / damage
2. is considered / is used
3. have been caused
4 Speaking
A Sample answers
I care about the environment tremendously. Every day, I research little changes I can make to my lifestyle in
order to be more ecofriendly. For instance, I never use disposable cups or plates when I eat. I also make sure
to conserve water and electricity at home. Even in summer, I mostly use a fan rather than the air conditioner.
B Sample answers
• I have eight checks. I don’t read environmental news because it doesn’t seem real to me.
• I don’t use facial scrubs that contain microbeads because I heard that they destroy the environment.
Overall, I think I’m pretty environmentally conscious.
5 Reading
A Sample answers
I have not heard of the term, but I think climate refugees are people who escape deadly climate changes, just
like those who escape war.
B 1–c
2–a
3–e
4–d
5–b
C 1. Ioane Teitiota now lives on an island named Kiribati.
2. Kiribati is located in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
3. The people of Kiribati are in danger due to strong storms, floods, and high tides.
4. The Teitiotas get drinking water by collecting rain in a tank.
5. It is difficult to get enough because the tank is too small.
6. The water they use for washing is polluted by salt and waste.
7. He thinks that being a refugee is the best way for him to protect himself.
8. They haven’t done anything yet.
D Sample answers
I would try earning as much money as possible to build a stronger home that was higher in elevation. Even if
it were very small, it would keep my family safe. I would also find or make a bigger tank to collect
rainwater.
6 Listening
A 1. Kiribati
2. The family’s house began to flood and was soon carried away by the sea.
3. The only option would be to relocate her family. 4. She is worried that future generations may not
remember their culture or identity.
B Sample answers
• They may not speak the local language of their adopted country.
• They may also face discrimination from the citizens of that country and grow up not knowing who they
are.
• Organizations can be created to educate and preserve the culture and traditions of Kiribati. Additionally,
host countries could set up centers to educate the Kiribati islanders on the traditions of their new home.
Over to You
1 Sample answers
People would need temporary shelters, food, and clean water. Eventually, they would need a new place to
settle permanently. I think non-profit organizations should collect donations and create shelters for those
fleeing climate change.
2 Sample answers
Drought and storms are two other natural disasters caused by climate change. These changes cause the prices
of crops to rise, destroy other natural resources, and eventually make it hard for us to survive.
8B A greener future
1 Vocabulary
A 1. reduce – g) to make less in amount, degree, or size
2. recycle – i) to turn waste into useful materials again
3. consume – b) to use something, especially fuel or energy
4. preserve – c) to keep something as it is
5. reusable – e) able to be used multiple times
6. conserve – h) to prevent from being wasted or damaged, especially by limiting usage
7. renewable – d) not disappearing when used
8. sustainable – j) able to be continued for a long time
9. eco-friendly – f ) not harmful to the environment
10. protect – a) to keep alive and safe
B Sample answers
eco-friendly living sustainable living sustainable energy renewable resources
conserve resources consume resources conserve water eco-friendly materials
sustainable materials renewable energy consume energy conserve energy
recycle plastic bottles consume fuel conserve fuel reduce waste endangered species
preserve forests reusable products recycle products eco-friendly products
consume products environmental products reduce carbon emissions preserve an ecosystem
protect wildlife protect endangered species protect forests
C Sample answers
• Renewable energy is energy that comes from a source that does not disappear when you use it. We can get
it from sunlight, wind, waves, tides, rain, etc.
• Eco-friendly chemicals are chemicals that don’t harm the environment.
2 Listening
A They all have eco-friendly features.
B 1. Its steel was made from recycled materials. / It collects rainwater on the roof and cleans the building’s air
with a filter.
2. It cleans the water of the inner harbor. / It uses sustainable energy.
3. They use the sun instead of fossil fuels as their energy source.
C Sample answers
My bedroom lamp is eco-friendly. The lamp is connected to a solar panel outside of my window. The panel
collects solar energy during the day and uses that energy to power the lightbulb at night.
3 Grammar
A 1. which
2. that
3. whose
4. that
5. who
6. where
B • The relative pronoun is not necessary in sentence 2.
• You could leave out the relative clause in sentences 1 and 3.
C 1. that [which]
2. where
3. who
4. that [which]
5. which
6. whose
4 Speaking
A Sample answers
I think I create about a handful of trash a day, less than one 5-liter waste bag of waste every week, and about
a 20-liter bag of waste a month.
B Sample answers
1. I think I can try swapping plastic bags for a reusable bag. I can also buy bamboo toilet paper.
2. I can ask for no straw when I order drinks.
C Sample answers
I would like to try zero-waste living. It is good for the environment, and I think I can save a lot of money
too.
5 Reading
A Sample answers
In my country, air pollution seems to be the most serious issue. To reduce carbon emissions, the government
is investing money in renewable energy.
B 1.
• Water pollution is a problem because microbeads are washing into waterways and contaminating the water.
• Loss of biodiversity is a problem because it is causing the extinction of many species.
• Air pollution is a problem because many large cities are polluted by smog.
• Improper waste disposal is a problem because plastics are filling up landfills.
• Deforestation is a problem because it creates erosion and speeds up the effects of climate change.
2.
• The US passed a law banning microbeads to prevent water pollution.
• Iceland has set fishing quotas to prevent the loss of biodiversity.
• Uruguay creates 95% of its energy with renewable sources to prevent air pollution.
• Germany created a recycling program to prevent improper waste disposal.
• Norway has tried to stop deforestation by passing laws that prevent the government from buying products
that contribute to deforestation.
C 1. F
2. F
3. T
4. F
5. F
6. T
6 Listening
A Sample answers
I think that the limitations of some of the policies would be that they could cause harm to some
communities. For example, it would be hard to prevent deforestation if logging was the only source of
income for a community.
B 1. Darrell chose to write about the Pfand system in Germany. Farah is writing about the Microbead-Free
Waters Act in the United States.
2. Darrell found that the Pfand system in Germany could be inconvenient for some people. Farah found that
the law passed in the US does not eliminate microbeads from all products.
Over to You
1 Sample answers
My country has implemented a recycling policy, but I don’t think it’s working well. I think the Pfand system
would work better in my country. People do not like to waste money. If they pay a deposit, they will take the
time to return each bottle and get the deposit back.
2 Sample answers
My city needs a policy that would prevent water from being wasted. People use too much water in the summer
and we often face water shortages.
3 Sample answers
I joined a group that used donated money to purchase young trees. We then volunteered to help plant the trees to
regrow forests.
8C Skills for Writing—A report
1 Reading & Writing

B Sample answers
• Copenhagen is the capital of Denmark.
• It is famous for being extremely bicycle friendly.
• It is in northern Europe.
• It is near the sea.
C 1. Copenhagen is the capital of Denmark, which is located in northern Europe, north of Germany and west
of Sweden.
2. It became an influential city after 1160 thanks to Bishop Absalon, who built a fort to protect it from
pirates.
3. It continued to grow, especially in the early 1600s, when the king of Denmark built a stock exchange and
founded an international trading company.
4. Copenhagen has been following an ambitious sustainability strategy, which has earned the city a lot of
praise.
5. Many of the wind turbines used around the world are made in Denmark, where 30% of electricity comes
from wind.
6. Copenhagen uses biomass waste as a fuel, which can be burned instead of coal.
D 1. Copenhagen is located in Denmark.
2. Bishop Absalon made Copenhagen an influential city by building a fort there.
3. It became the capital of Denmark in 1443.
4. It was attacked by the British in 1807. It was invaded by the Nazis in 1940.
5. It plans to be carbon neutral by 2025, and it plans to transition to clean energy sources by 2050.
6. The city has a popular bicycle culture. The wind makes 30% of the electricity. Homes are cooled with
seawater. Homes are heated by burning biomass waste.
E Sample answers
I would love to live in Copenhagen. It is a clean, modern, and lively city. One of the most appealing aspects
of the city is its bikefriendliness. I enjoy riding my bicycle very much, and I would appreciate living in a city
that is so welcoming to cyclists.
Additionally, I consider myself to be an environmentally conscious person. So I like Copenhagen’s strategy
for reducing carbon emissions and promoting clean energy. If only I could speak Danish.
2 Writing
A Sample answers
San Francisco has programs focusing on waste reduction and zeroemission public transportation.
C Sample writing
The Geography of San Francisco
San Francisco is a city in the US state of California. It is located in the northern part of the state, between the
Pacific Ocean and the San Francisco Bay. The city has a population of over 884,000, which makes it the
13th largest city in America and the 4th largest city in California. San Francisco was founded in 1776 by the
Spanish and was incorporated into the United States in 1850.
Why San Francisco is famous
One of the main reasons that San Francisco is famous is that it has beautiful architecture. The Golden Gate
Bridge is one of the most iconic bridges in the world. The city has a warm climate and it is often covered
with a thick, heavy fog that tourists all want to see for themselves. The city is also home to many of the
world’s largest internet companies.
Why San Francisco is a green city
Moreover, San Francisco is home to some of the most forwardthinking and environmentally-conscious
people in America. The city has implemented ambitious recycling programs that have greatly reduced the
amount of waste that would normally end up in landfills. For example, San Francisco became the first city in
the US to ban plastic bags. Some stores even offer biodegradable bags as an option. San Francisco has
already reduced waste by 78%, and the city plans for residents to live completely waste-free by 2020.
Listening
A 1. c
2. a
3. b
4. c
B 1. b
2. e
3. d
C 1. c
2. b
3. b
Grammar
A 1. environmental
2. recently
3. has been polluted
4. watering
5. is being done
6. be taken
B 1. It had changed a lot.
2. The party had already started.
3. You had not seen her for many years.
4. He had just had lunch.
5. They had never flown before.
6. It had never been cleaned for many years.
7. You had not locked the door.
C 1. where
2. who
3. who
4. that [which]
5. that [which]
Vocabulary
A 1. (e)ndangered species
2. (S)mog
3. (r)ecycle
4. (d)eforestation
5. (s)ustainable
6. (r)eusable
7. (p)rotect
8. (r)enewable
B 1. bilingual
2. exception
3. simplify
4. fluently
C 1. b
2. a
3. c
4. a
Unit 9
9A Technology everywhere!
1 Vocabulary
A 1. furious – h) very angry
2. frustrating – b) very annoying
3. spectacular – j) very good
4. delighted – e) very happy
5. terrified – i) very scared
6. disgusting – f ) very unpleasant
7. bizarre – c) very strange
8. exhausted – d) very tired
9. astonished – a) very surprised
10. hilarious – g) very funny
B Sample answers
very cold – freezing
very small – tiny
very hungry – starving
very big – enormous
very hot – boiling
very tasty – delicious
very pretty – gorgeous
C Sample answers
This is unbelievable! The power went out just as I was putting my food in the microwave oven. I’m starving.
#powerout
2 Listening
A Adrianna and Timothy used a machine at a café to order food and a machine to check in at the airport.
Adrianna had trouble using the machines, but Timothy didn’t.
B 1. Both Adrianna and Timothy dropped by a café.
2. Both Adrianna and Timothy hoped that using the machine at the airport would be more convenient.
3. Adrianna felt the machines were confusing and it took her longer to complete her tasks. Timothy found
the machines helpful because he was able to complete his tasks quickly.
C Sample answers
I recently used a machine to book a ticket to see a movie. The machine was very convenient. I didn’t feel
rushed, and I could take my time choosing where I wanted to sit in the theater. I prefer using machines when
I can.
3 Grammar
A 1. Several
2. a few
3. a lot of
4. plenty of
B • A few activities – A few is used with countable nouns.
• A little free time – A little is used with uncountable nouns.
• A large number of activities – A number of is used with countable nouns.
• A large amount of free time – An amount of is used with uncountable nouns.
• Plenty of activities/free time – Plenty of can take both uncountable and plural countable nouns.
B Sample answers
I have a little time, so I can help you.
In this sentence, little has a negative meaning and a little has a positive meaning. We also have so in the
sentence, which means “I do have some time, so I can help you.”
C 1. lots of
2. few
3. a few
4. B
5. B
6. many
7. B
D Sample answers
• I send few emails, but I receive many.
• I enjoy playing very few online games.
• I found plenty of job openings online.
• I have many friends on Facebook and followers on Instagram.
4 Speaking
B • I chose option c for number 1 because I honestly think that I would be miserable without my smartphone. I
use it all the time and it is my greatest source of entertainment.
• If my laptop stopped working and I had lots of work to finish, I’d write the assignment by hand. I usually
prefer taking notes by hand anyway, so I don’t think it would be too difficult.
• I think I’d be fine driving without a GPS. In the past, I used to write down the directions on a piece of
paper and refer to them throughout my trip. Although I am used to using the GPS, I think I could adjust
fairly quickly if I weren’t able to use it.
5 Reading
A Researchers at Cambridge University came up with the idea of streaming live video over the internet. They
wanted to let their teammates know when coffee was ready.
B The researchers at Cambridge worked on several different floors but shared the same coffee pot. When some
of the workers came to get coffee, the pot was often empty. Dr. Quentin Stafford-Fraser and Dr. Paul
Jardetzky used a camera to upload pictures of the coffee pot to their internal network so that their coworkers
could see if the coffee pot was empty or full.
C 1. In 1993, the coffee pot camera was connected to the internet.
2. The video displayed one image per second.
3. The coffee camera became an icon of the early internet.
D 1. The camera was turned off in August of 2001.
2. The last image that the camera showed was a picture of a hand switching off part of the video-streaming
equipment.
3. The media gave the end of the coffee pot video stream a hilarious amount of news coverage.
4. The latest coffee pot was purchased by the German news magazine Der Spiegel and is now in the Heinz
Nixdorf computer museum.
E – Video Communication
– Motion-Sensing Input
– Facial Recognition
E Sample answers
I use video communication to talk with my family when I am traveling overseas. In the past, it was much
more difficult to communicate. Long-distance phone calls were expensive, and buying calling cards all the
time was inconvenient. I used to travel often, so I had to deal with these inconveniences on many occasions.
So I was thrilled when video chatting finally came along.
6 Listening
A 1. They are talking about the first webcam and other accidental inventions such as the microwave oven and
potato chips.
2. A radar engineer discovered that microwaves could heat food quickly.
3. He discovered this when he was standing in front of radar equipment. The microwaves from the radar
equipment melted a candy bar in his pocket.
4. A chef in the nineteenth century is thought to have invented potato chips when he was trying to make
French fries.
5. The customer liked the potato chips.
B Sample answers
Velcro was invented by a man who noticed that the burrs would stick to his dog’s fur when he walked
outside. He examined the burrs under a microscope and saw tiny hooks. As a result, he used that same
pattern of hooks to make Velcro.
Over to You
1 Sample answers
I think that smart phones have made our lives happier and more comfortable because we can use them to do
practically anything without much effort.
2 Sample answers
I feel that weapons technology has gone too far now that there are weapons of mass destruction, which cause
much more harm than good.
3 Sample answers
I feel that advancements in medicine and medical devices are the most valuable, because they are directly
related to survival.
9B Everything high-tech
1 Vocabulary
A Sample answers
Yes, I do. The most recent technology news I saw was that SpaceX launched a very large rocket into space
which will eventually make the cost of spaceflight much lower.
B 1. virtual reality
2. breakthrough
3. AI (Artificial Intelligence)
4. controversy
5. automated vehicles
6. organ transplant
7. gene editing
8. revolutionary
9. voice recognition
10. gadgets
2 Listening
A 1. Moses wants a new payment system that doesn’t require cash or credit card.
2. Paula did not like online translators because they did not translate documents well.
B 1. T
2. F
3. F
4. F
3 Grammar
A 1. would invent
2. didn’t have to
3. had known
B 1. c
2. b
3. a
C 1. I had one
2. I could use it
3. I had not done it
4. it would come out
5. I had known
D Sample answers
• I wish someone would explain the rules to me before the game starts.
• I wish I didn’t have to commute so far every morning.
• I wish I hadn’t said such rude things to Allen.
4 Speaking & Writing

A Sample answers
I have a smart television at home. It knows what shows I like to watch at each time of the day. It will even
connect to the internet and download new content as soon as it is available.
B Sample answers
I wish my closet could check the weather forecast and tell me which clothes I should wear each day.
C Sample answers
Have you ever wished your closet could keep an inventory of all of your clothes? Look no further! With
Acme’s Smart Closet, you can be sure to look your best. Each morning the Smart Closet will connect to the
internet and check the weather forecast in your city. The Smart Closet will then show you a picture of which
of your outfits would be most appropriate for you to wear that day. You can also program it to mix and
match without repeating outfits.
5 Reading
A Sample answers
I think that readers will ask questions about what AI robots will be able to do in the future.
B Sample answers
I don’t think the fear of AI programs becoming conscious by accident is realistic. It is just something made
up for movies. Even if a computer becomes conscious, I think it is highly unlikely that it would become
dangerous to humans.
C 1. F
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. F
6. T
D Sample answers
I feel very comfortable with AI robots. I think that AI will be an extremely powerful tool in the future, but it
will still be a tool. Humans will determine how we use that tool. This article has not changed how I feel
about AI or AI robots.
6 Listening
A Sample answers
I saw an AI robot in the movie AI. It was depicted as a small boy with deep love for his family and a deep
desire to be human.
B 1. She played the role of an AI robot.
2. She got help for her role from Jim Carr, a well-known ballet dancer.
3. She had a hard time understanding her role and controlling her emotions.
4. The script didn’t make sense to her at first. Because robots think and act differently, many parts seemed
out of context.
Over to You
1 Sample answers
I think the company that created the self-driving car should take responsibility.
2 Sample answers
I will take the advice from the AI doctor. Modern AI machines can evaluate massive amounts of data. A human
doctor has higher chances of relying on limited knowledge and experience.
3 Sample answers
I would prefer to learn both subjects from a human teacher. A human would be much better at understanding the
human mind and the personal aspects of learning.
9C Skills for Speaking—A debate
1 Listening & Speaking

A Is social media good for society?
1. yes
2. no
3. yes
4. no
5. no
6. yes
A Sample answers
I would argue that social media is harmful to society. I found Max’s opinion the most convincing. I agree
that personal information and privacy cannot be guaranteed on social media.
B Yes
1st argument
Social media is good for society because it allows people to connect with each other.
• Supporting ideas
1. It helps people share their thoughts.
2. It also allows people to work together for good causes such as raising funds for charities.
No
Counterargument
But connectivity makes things easy for criminals to find victims for scams.
1st argument
Social media is harmful to society because it has major security flaws.
1. Social media has many privacy setting issues, and people could accidently reveal personal information to
the public.
2. Your account can be hacked and this may result in the leaking and misuse of your personal information.
Yes
Counterargument
But social media can help solve crimes because it allows people to share important information about crimes
quickly.
2nd argument
Through social media, people can share information.
1. Social media helps people decide which sources to trust.
2. People can improve their personal lives by reading others’ ideas about hobbies and specialized topics and
by learning new things.
No
Counterargument
But people cannot trust the news on social media.
2nd argument
Social media is addictive.
1. Because of social media, people do not have real conversations, and that weakens their social skills.
2. They waste time that could be used for productive activities, and it can make people depressed.
C 1. to state an opinion
2. to add more information about an opinion
3. to express certainty
4. to refer back to a point made earlier
5. to make contrasting points
6. to express disagreement
2 Reading & Speaking

A Sample answers
1. I have used Facebook to share pictures with my friends and family and to keep in touch with my friends.
2. I think that it does help me maintain relationships. I have many friends all over the world, and Facebook
makes it easy for me to stay in contact with all of them.
3. I don’t think that social media is making face-to-face relationships worse. Social media helps us connect
with people we wouldn’t be able to see otherwise, and we still enjoy being together in person.
B Sample answers
I think that new communication technology is making people more social. We get to make new friends who
share similar interests, and keep in touch with existing friends whom we don’t meet often.
C Sample answers
Opinion
New communication technology is making people more social.
1st argument
New communication technology is making people more social because it allows people to connect more
easily.
1. It helps people find friends who share their interests.
2. It also allows people to keep in touch with friends and family who live in other parts of the world.
Predictable Counterarguments
1. People start to lose the enjoyment of meeting face to face.
2. People find their real life more dissatisfying due to constantly seeing the lives of others online.
D Sample answers
Speaker 1 – benefits of new communication technology
Technology has created new communication technology that is changing the way that people interact with
each other. Although some people may feel that this makes our society more vulnerable, I strongly believe
that the new communication technology is making people more social. First, I believe that the new
communication technology will make it easier for people to find friends who share their interests. This will
allow people to more easily create clubs and activities where like-minded people can interact. In addition to
helping make new friends, the new communication technology makes it easier for people to keep in touch
with their existing friends and family. For example, many people have friends or family members who have
relocated to new cities and even new countries. Communication technology makes it easy for people to
share their lives and stay connected to each other even when they are physically far apart.
Unit 10
10A In the news
1 Vocabulary
A 1. reported
2. warned
3. advised
4. agreed
5. announced
6. demanded
7. explained
8. promised
9. insisted
10. denied
11. ordered
12. admitted
B 1. order
2. advise
3. deny
4. promise
5. report
6. demand
7. explain
8. agree
9. admit
10. announce
11. insist
12. warn
2 Listening
A 1.
• The first person is Robyn Burnette’s coworker. She’s saying that she actually works with Robyn.
• The second speaker is the bank teller who was threatened by Julian Powell. She’s saying that she gave all
her money to him.
• The third person is a cop who arrested Minnie Vega. He’s talking about the drunk driver Minnie Vega and
describing the moment when he caught her.
2.
• The first speaker thinks Robyn Burnette is great, and she hopes to be a lifelong flight attendant just like
her.
• The second speaker felt bad for Julian Powell, but still thinks it was wrong of him to commit such a crime.
• The third speaker thinks that Minnie Vega is lucky that she didn’t hurt herself.
B 1. The speaker thinks that Robyn Burnette should keep working because she truly loves her job.
2. The speaker thinks that Julian Powell’s behavior was wrong.
3. The speaker thinks that Minnie Vega was lucky because she did not hurt herself.
C Sample answers
I recently read a news story about a man who ran inside of a burning building to rescue a child that was
trapped inside. It was a positive story because the man risked his own life to save a helpless child.
3 Grammar
A 1. reported that
2. announced that
3. ordered her to
B Sample answers
• 1–c; The sentence c is a fact, so when it was changed to reported speech, the subject and the tense stayed
the same.
• 2–a; The subject of the sentence a changed from “We” to “They”, and the tense changed from the present
perfect to the past perfect.
• 3–b; The sentence is a command. So the speaking verb order was used in the reported speech, and the
command part became a “to+infinitive” phrase.

C 1. He said that his father had been kidnapped.
2. He said that he didn’t know anything.
3. She had told him to call the police.
4. They warned her not to call the police.
5. The officer asked her if they had demanded a ransom.
6. Her son advised her to go back home and wait for the police to find him.
7. He had promised his wife that he would not go out drinking again.
8. He told his friends to come and kidnap him.
D Sample answers
Last night, a boy called the police. He told them that his mother saw two men kidnap his father. The police
came to the boy’s home and asked the boy’s mother what had happened. She said that two men wearing
masks had pointed a gun at her husband and made him leave with them. They had told her not to call the
police and then driven off. The husband was later found. His friends had just taken him away because he had
asked them to kidnap him. He just wanted to go out to drink.
4 Speaking
B Sample answers
1. Answers will vary.
2. It is good to be interested in the news because it helps you stay aware of the events happening around you.
3. Many announcements made in the news affect our daily lives, so it is important to read and watch the
news often.
5 Reading
A Sample answers
I know that a group of terrorists hijacked several planes and flew them into buildings in New York City and
Washington, D.C.
B 1. Three plane crashes are mentioned. The first plane crashed into the North Tower at around 8:46 a.m. 18
minutes after that, the second plane crashed into the South Tower. The third plane crashed into the Pentagon
in Washington, D.C., at 9:37 a.m.
2. At first, people did not know the cause of the crashes. It turned out that the plane crashes were acts of
terrorism.
3. The planes had been hijacked by terrorists before they crashed.
4. The South Tower collapsed about an hour after it was struck by a plane.
5. The president was in Florida at the time of the attack. He then headed back to Washington, D.C.
C 1. F
2. T
3. F
4. T
D Sample answers
In my country, there was a huge earthquake near our capital city. Many buildings collapsed and thousands of
people died. There is a large monument in the center of the city that lists the names of the people who died in
the earthquake. Each year people gather there and place flowers on the monument to remember the people
who died.
6 Listening
A Sample answers
• A moment of silence seems like it could mean time taken without saying anything.
• Ground Zero seems like an area where there is nothing around.
• The Tribute in Light seems like it could be an event using lights.
B 1. It is about an event commemorating the victims of the September 11 attacks.
2. family, survivors, rescuers, and the president with the first lady
3. They had a moment of silence and read the names of the victims of the attacks.
4. The names of the victims are inscribed on the walls.
5. It consists of two vertical columns of light which represent the Twin Towers that collapsed during the
attacks.
Over to You
1 Sample answers
Donating blood to those who are injured could be helpful. Also, forming groups of volunteer workers to help
take care of the victims’ families could be helpful.
2 Sample answers
I think it is important to remember and commemorate tragic events in history. It gives us a chance to show
respect to those who have either given their lives or become victims. It also gives us a chance to remind
ourselves that strong actions should be taken to prevent further loss of life or property.
10B Moments and memories
1 Vocabulary
A Sample answers
I am familiar with eight of the events below. I would add the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. It was one of the
deadliest natural disasters in history.
B 1. console
2. produce
3. increase
4. progress
5. entrance
6. impact
7. conduct
8. project
9. attribute
10. record
C Sample answers
As a noun, the word stress is usually placed on the first syllable. As a verb, the word stress is placed on the
second syllable. Words such as console, conduct, entrance, and record take a completely different meaning
from nouns to verbs.
2 Listening
A The first news story is about Brexit. The second is about Michael Jackson’s death.
B The first news story
1. T
2. F
3. F
4. F
The second news story
1. T
2. F
3. T
4. F
3 Grammar
A 1. the / the
2. - / a
3. an
4. the
B Sample answers
We often use a or an when we are talking about singular nouns or when we mention a person, animal, or
thing for the first time. We use the when we are talking about something that there is only one of. We use no
article when we are talking about general ideas or mentioning proper names.
C 1. –
2. the
3. the
4. –
5. the
D 1. The first Jurassic Park was released in 1993.
2. Dolly
3. The first Harry Potter book was published in 1997 in the UK.
4. Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006.
5. The saying comes from a commencement address Steve Jobs gave at Stanford University in 2005.
4 Speaking
A Sample answers
Yes, I often wonder what happened on specific days in the past. I once found out that Abraham Lincoln was
born on the same day as me but many years ago.
B Sample answers
1. On this day (Feb. 13) in 1633, Galileo Galilei arrived in Rome to potentially face punishment for claiming
that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
2. This event happened nearly 400 years ago.
3. It is important to record day-to-day events because they help us understand why major events and changes
happen.
5 Reading
A Sample answers
I’m guessing that this documentary is about exploring the ocean.
B 1. The documentary is about haenyeo, women divers who collect seafood to support their families.
2. They collect shellfish, octopuses, and seaweed to support their families.
3. Haenyeo are from Udo, an island off the southern coast of South Korea.
C 1. They wear wetsuits, masks, fins, and weight belts. They also use spears, floats, and nets.
2. The best haenyeo [Level A haenyeo] can dive 15 to 20 meters below the surface.
3. Sumbi is a technique that helps the women recover their breath quickly.
4. The dangers they face are fishing boats that might hit them, seaweed that can trap them, and waves that
can carry them away. But the biggest danger is breathing underwater.
5. Their greed causes them to “breathe underwater,” trying to grab one more sea creature.
D Sample answers
I find a bindery workers [bookbinders] unique. They combine printed sheets of paper to make books,
magazines, and so on. Despite technological advancements, a bindery worker is a professional job in my
country.
6 Listening
A 1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. F
B Sample answers
• I do agree with their reason for refusing to use oxygen tanks. If they used oxygen tanks, it would destroy
their local ecosystem which has been their source of living for a long time.
• I don’t agree with their reason. Their reason is not sensible enough to risk their lives. I think haenyeo
would be safer if they used oxygen tanks when working in the ocean. They could decide beforehand on
limits to the amount of sea life they collect.
Over to You
1 Sample answers
Yes, I do. The most memorable documentary that I ever saw was called King of Kong. This documentary
was not only about a small subculture in America, but it also gave viewers insight into how people react to
change.
2 Sample answers
I would like to film a documentary about people who depend on rainforests to survive. I think it would teach
people why we must preserve nature.
10C Skills for Writing—A newspaper article
1 Reading & Writing

A a – headline
b – byline
c – lead
d – body
B 1. Stolen Van Gogh paintings were found during a raid on Mafia.
2. Who: Italian police
What: two stolen Van Gogh paintings
Where: a house owned by the Naples Mafia
When: Friday
3. Members of the Naples Mafia used ladders and sledge hammers to break into the Van Gogh museum in
Amsterdam and stole two paintings.
A drug trafficker who was arrested told the police where they could find the paintings.
The paintings are important because one shows Van Gogh’s early style and the other relates to his father’s
death.
C 1. Kidnapped Boy Found in Mountains
2. The first option is better because the story is about a boy who was found after being kidnapped. It is not
about the man who is suspected of kidnapping him.
3. Jimmy was found with scratches but wasn’t seriously hurt. He had been locked up in a room inside of a
cottage for a week before he was found. Jimmy’s parents arrived at the scene and hugged him. They later
told reporters, “We’re just so happy he’s okay.”
2 Writing
A Sample answers
• Train Crash in America
• Canadian Snowboarder Wins 3 Gold Medals in Winter Olympics
• SpaceX Launches Sports Car into Space
• Two Men Rob Market
B Sample writing
On Saturday, February 17, two masked men robbed the Williams Family Market. Police are now searching
for the men, who fled the scene in a blue car.
Employee Ruth Weinberg was sweeping the floor of the market when the two masked men rushed into the
store. One man pointed a gun at Weinberg while the other pulled out a brown canvas bag.
The men forced Weinberg to open the safe and the register, and take out whatever cash was inside. They kept
the gun pointed at her head as she filled the canvas bag with all of the money the store had made that
weekend. The men then took Weinberg’s cellphone and locked her in a closet so that she could not call the
police. Another witness saw the two men get into a blue four-door sedan and speed toward the westbound
highway. Police are asking anyone with information about these two criminals to speak with a detective
immediately.
E Sample answers
1. No. Both articles were different. One was about sports, another about technology, and the last was about
politics.
2. I like our front page the best because we included an interesting illustration that accompanied our front-
page story.
3. I like the article about the two men robbing the market the best. It was an exciting and scary story at the
same time.
Listening
A 1. b
2. c
3. a
4. b
B 1. b
2. a
C 1. sea creatures
2. oxygen tanks
3. most skilled and experienced
4. fifty
5. greed
6. deaths
Grammar
A 1. b
2. b
3. a
4. c
5. c
6. b
B 1. that she was living in Hong Kong
2. if my friend Mike was a lawyer
3. insisted that she didn't do it
4. where I was
5. persuaded me that it would be really fun / persuaded me to come with him
C 1. a
2. c
3. b
4. a
5. b
Vocabulary
A 1. controversy
2. automated vehicles
B 1. (e)xhausted
2. (s)pectacular
3. (h)ilarious
4. (t)errified
C 1. entrance
2. project
3. increase
4. produce
D 1. b
2. c
3. a
4. a

SURPASS 4 - Student Book Answer Key

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

SURPASS 4 - Student Book Answer Key

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

[Answer Keys] SURPASS Student Book 4

her own songs. She likes it a lot.

1C Skills for Writing—Introducing your culture

2 Reading & Writing

sink should start to bubble up.

2C Skills for Writing—Using formal expressions

1 Reading & Speaking

Units 1&2 Review Test 1

2. She is talking about the musical performers at the festival.

3C Skills for Writing—A movie review

2 Reading & Writing

Let’s postpone our trip until later.

• stereotypes – assumptions about people

4C Skills for Writing—A biography

Units 3&4 Review Test 2

5C Skills for Writing & Speaking—A cover letter / A job interview

1 Reading & Writing

2 Listening & Speaking

very lazy way of spending my time.

6B A better place to live

6C Skills for Writing—An opinion essay

1 Reading & Writing

1 Reading & Writing

Units 5&6 Review Test 3

4 Writing & Speaking

7C Skills for Writing—Using descriptive language

1 Reading & Writing

2 Speaking & Writing

8C Skills for Writing—A report

1 Reading & Writing

Units 7&8 Review Test 4

4 Speaking & Writing

9C Skills for Speaking—A debate

1 Listening & Speaking

2 Reading & Speaking

command part became a “to+infinitive” phrase.

10B Moments and memories

10C Skills for Writing—A newspaper article

1 Reading & Writing

Units 9&10 Review Test 5

You might also like