ECBC 2017

SHGC

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC): It is the fraction of

incident solar radiation admitted through a window, directly
transmitted, absorbed and subsequently released inward.

SHGC is expressed as a number between 0 and 1

Higher the SHGC, higher is the heat transmittance from the

glass
RECOMMENDED SHGC
VERTICAL FENESTRATION ASSEMBLY VERTICAL FENESTRATION
Maximum U-factor (W/m².K) Maximum U-factor (W/m².K)
Composite 3 Composite 2.2
Hot and dr 3 Hot and dr 2.2
Warm and humid 3 Warm and humid 2.2
Temperate 3 Temperate 3
Cold 3 Cold 1.8
Maximum SHGC Non-North Maximum SHGC Non-North
Composite 0.27 Composite 0.25
Hot and dry 0.27 Hot and dry 0.25
Warm and humid 0.27 Warm and humid 0.25
Temperate 0.27 Temperate 0.25
Cold 0.62 Cold 0.62
Maximum SHGC North for latitude ≥ 15°N Maximum SHGC North for latitude ≥ 15°N
Composite 0.5 Composite 0.5
Hot and dr 0.5 Hot and dr 0.5
Warm and humid 0.5 Warm and humid 0.5
Temperate 0.5 Temperate 0.5
Cold 0.62 Cold 0.62
Maximum SHGC North for latitude < 15°N Maximum SHGC North for latitude < 15°N
Composite 0.27 Composite 0.25
Hot and dr 0.27 Hot and dr 0.25
Warm and humid 0.27 Warm and humid 0.25
Temperate 0.27 Temperate 0.25
Cold 0.62 Cold 0.62
ENVELOPE PERFORMANCE FACTOR

Envelope Performance Factor (EPF): It is the summation of energy performance of all

components of building which is calculated by assessing the thermal transmittance of a
surface area

EPF ROOF = C (U1A1 x U2A2 x U3A3)

Where,
C = thermal coefficient of roof
U = The U-factor for the envelope component
A = The area of a specific envelope component
FACTORS AFFECTING EPF:
Material
Orientation
Surface Area
WINDOW WALL RATIO

WINDOW WALL RATIO: It is the measure of the percentage area determined by dividing the
building's total glazed area by its exterior envelope wall area.

Maximum allowable Window Wall Ratio (WWR) is 40% of window area.

EFFECTIVE APERTURE: A measure of the amount of daylight that enters a space through
horizontal fenestration
Given by formula, Visible Light Transmittance x window-to-wall Ratio. (EA = VLT x WWR)
VLT
VISUAL LIGHT TRANSMISSION OR VLT, IS THE AMOUNT OF VISIBLE LIGHT THAT PASSES
THROUGH A GLASS
FOR GLASS WITH A VLT OF 12%, IT ALLOWS 12% OF LIGHT TO SHINE THROUGH AND
BLOCKS 88% OF IT.
PROJECTION FACTOR

Equivalent SHGC: SHGC for a fenestration with a permanent external shading projection

Shading Equivalent Factor (SEF) It is the coefficient for calculating effective SHGC of
fenestrations shaded by overhangs or side fins.

Projection Factor (PF) overhang: It is the ratio of the

horizontal depth of the external shading projection to the
sum of the height of the fenestration and the distance from
the top of the fenestration to the bottom of the farthest
point of the external shading projection,
PROJECTION FACTOR

PROJECTION FACTOR, SIDE FIN: It is the ratio of the horizontal depth of the external
shading projection to the distance from the window jamb to the farthest point of the external
shading projection,
DAYLIGHT FACTOR
Daylight factor (DF) - It is the ratio of the light level inside a structure to the light level outside
the structure
DF = (Ei / Eo) x 100%

Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) is defined

percentage of annual daytime hours that
a given point on a work plane height of
0.8m above finished floor level receives
daylight between 100 lux to 2,000 lux.
ILLUMINATION
Luminous Efficacy (LE): It is the ratio of total luminous flux (visible light) emitted from a
source to the input power.

Coefficient of utilization (CU) It is a measure of the efficiency of a luminaire in transferring

luminous energy to the working plane in a particular area

LLF (Light Loss Factor) is the depreciating light output at certain point in time in the future
compared to initial light output

Lighting Power Density (LPD): It is the maximum lighting power per unit area of a space
Given by watts of lighting per square foot of room floor area
ILLUMINATION
Illumination can be calculated as
I = Ll Cu LLF / Al
where
I = illumination (lux, lumen/m2)
Ll = luminance per lamp (lumen referred as amount of light emitted per second)
Cu = coefficient of utilization
LLF = light loss factor
Al = total area (m2)

Example - Illumination
10 CFL lights of 40 W (1500 lumens per lamp) are used in an area of 50 m2. With Cu =
0.6 and LLF = 0.8 illumination can be calculated as
I = 10 (1500 lumens) (0.6) (0.8) / (50 m2)

I = 144 lux
DEFINITIONS
Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) It is the ratio of net cooling capacity of an equipment to the
total electrical input in watts under designated conditions.

Example, a cooling capacity of air condition system of 12000 Btu (1 ton unit) requires 800
watts of electrical input, then EER is 15

Cooling capacity (HVAC) - It is the measure of a cooling system's ability to remove heat.
DEFINITIONS
Coefficient of Performance COP (cooling): It is the ratio of the rate of heat removal to the rate
of energy input.

Coefficient of Performance (COP) heating: It is the ratio of the rate of heat delivered to the
rate of energy input.
Calculated by dividing sensible cooling capacity in watt to total energy input.

Higher coefficient means higher is the efficiency of that system

ENERGY PERFORMANCE INDEX
Energy performance index (EPI) is total energy consumed in a building over a year divided by
total built up area in kWh/sq m/year

It is considered as the simplest and most relevant indicator for qualifying a building
as energy efficient or not.

Two ways to calculate EPI is,

1. Prescriptive method (Building complies to prescribed values for envelope, comfort control,
lighting control
2. Whole building performance method (annual energy consumption of proposed building is
less than standard design)

Area of unconditioned basements is not included

ADAPTIVE THERMAL COMFORT
Human body has the ability to adapt to environmental conditions and become accustomed to
them over time.
People accustomed to the variable environmental parameters in non-air-conditioned
buildings can live and work through a larger temperature range without experiencing thermal
discomfort.
ENERGY CALCULATIONS