Week 1: SAP HANA Query Processing

Unit 5: SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview

 SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
SAP HANA SQL Optimizer

Application SAP HANA Query Processor

SELECT
A.COL1,
ABAP B.COL2
FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN TABLE2 B SQL Plan Check plan cache entry
ON A.COL3 = B.COL3;
JAVA Cache

SQL
Front End
Plan cache entry found

SQL Optimizer

Plan

Execution
Engines

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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
SAP HANA SQL optimization process

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
FROM TA BLE2 B
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache

SQL Front
End

SQL
Optimizer

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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
SAP HANA SQL optimization process

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
FROM TA BLE2 B
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache

SQL Front
End

SQL
Optimizer

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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
Rule-based optimization and cost-based optimization

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
▪ Predefined, mathematically proven rules are
FROM TA BLE2 B

applied, which by their nature would simplify

LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache the plan and lower the costs

Rule-Based ▪ Size estimation and cost comparison are not
Optimization
SQL Front required
End ▪ Filter push-down, join removal, simplify group
by
SQL
Optimizer

▪ Cost-based optimization finds candidates from

Cost-Based
the plan generated in rule-based optimization
Query
Optimization ▪ Cost of every alternative is calculated and one
with the best cost is chosen

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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
Rule-based optimization

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
FROM TA BLE2 B
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache
Rule-Based
Optimization
SQL Front
End

SQL
Optimizer

Cost-Based
Query
Optimization

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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
Rule-based optimization

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
FROM TA BLE2 B
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache
Rule-Based
Optimization
SQL Front
End

SQL
Optimizer

Cost-Based
Query
Optimization

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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
Rule-based optimization

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
FROM TA BLE2 B
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache
Rule-Based
Optimization
SQL Front
End

SQL
Optimizer

Cost-Based
Query
Optimization

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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
Rule-based optimization
J12

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
F J24
FROM TA BLE2 B
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache G T2 T4
Rule-Based
Optimization J13
SQL Front
End

G T3
SQL
Optimizer
T1

*Predefined rules are sequentially

Cost-Based
applied to the initial tree.
Query
Optimization

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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
Rule-based optimization
J12

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
J24
FROM TA BLE2 B
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache G T2 T4
Rule-Based
Optimization J13
SQL Front
End

G F Filter Pushdown
SQL
Optimizer
T1 T3

*Predefined rules are sequentially

Cost-Based
applied to the initial tree.
Query
Optimization

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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
Rule-based optimization
J12

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
J24
FROM TA BLE2 B
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache Simplify G T2 T4
Rule-Based Group By
Optimization J13
SQL Front
End

G F
SQL
Optimizer
T1 T3

*Predefined rules are sequentially

Cost-Based
applied to the initial tree.
Query
Optimization

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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
Rule-based optimization
J12
Remove
Unnecessary Join
SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2
FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
J24
FROM TA BLE2 B
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache JG
13 T2 T4
Rule-Based
Optimization
SQL Front G F
End

SQL T1 T3
Optimizer

*Predefined rules are sequentially

Cost-Based
applied to the initial tree.
Query
Optimization

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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
Rule-based optimization
J12

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
FROM TA BLE2 B
T2
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache JG
13

Rule-Based
Optimization
SQL G F
Frontend

SQL T1 T3
Optimizer
REWRITE TREE

Cost-Based
Query
Optimization

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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
Rule-based optimization

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
FROM TA BLE2 B
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache
Rule-Based
Optimization
SQL Front
End

SQL
Optimizer

Cost-Based
Query
Optimization

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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
Cost-based optimization

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
FROM TA BLE2 B
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache
Rule-Based
Optimization
SQL Front
End

SQL
Optimizer

Cost-Based
Query
Optimization

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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
Cost-based optimization

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
FROM TA BLE2 B
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache
Rule-Based
Optimization
SQL Front
End

SQL
*The tree from the rule-based
Optimizer
optimization is sent to cost-based
query optimization

Cost-Based
Query
Optimization

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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
Plan 1
Cost-based optimization

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
FROM TA BLE2 B
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache
Rule-Based
Optimization
SQL Front
End

SQL
Optimizer
_THRU_
&
PRE_BEFORE_
Cost-Based
Query
Optimization

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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
Plan 1
Cost-based optimization

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
FROM TA BLE2 B
Plan 2
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache
Rule-Based
Optimization
SQL Front
End

SQL
Optimizer

_THRU_
&
PRE_BEFORE_
Cost-Based
Query
Optimization

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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
Plan 1
Cost-based optimization

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
FROM TA BLE2 B
Plan 2
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache
Rule-Based
Optimization
SQL Front Plan 3
End

SQL
Optimizer

_THRU_
&
Cost-Based
Query PRE_BEFORE_
Optimization

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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
Plan 1
Cost-based optimization

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
FROM TA BLE2 B
Plan 2
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache
Rule-Based
Optimization
SQL Front Plan 3
End

SQL
Optimizer
Plan 4

_THRU_
Cost-Based
Query &
Optimization PRE_BEFORE_

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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
Plan 1
Cost-based optimization

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
FROM TA BLE2 B
Plan 2
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache
Rule-Based
Optimization
SQL Front Plan 3
End

SQL
Optimizer
Plan 4

Cost-Based
Query _THRU_ Plan 5
Optimization
&
PRE_BEFORE_

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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
Plan 1
Enumerators

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
FROM TA BLE2 B
Plan 2
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache
Rule-Based
A_THRU_B PREA_BEFORE_B
Optimization
SQL Plan 3
Frontend

SQL
Optimizer
Plan 4

▪ AGGR_THRU_JOIN ▪ PREAGGR_BEFORE_JOIN
▪ JOIN_THRU_JOIN ▪ PREAGGR_BEFORE_UNION
Cost-Based
▪ JOIN_THRU_AGGR …
Query Plan 5
Optimization _THRU_
&
PRE_BEFORE_
Plan 6
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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
Plan 1
Final plan selection among alternatives

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
FROM TA BLE2 B
Plan 2
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache
Rule-Based
Optimization
SQL Front Plan 3
End

SQL
Optimizer
Plan 4

Cost-Based
Query Plan 5
Optimization

Plan 6
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SQL Optimizer – Architectural Overview
Plan 1
Final plan selection among alternatives

SELECT /*lit eral*/ A .COL1, A .COL2

FROM TABLE1 A
INNER JOIN ( SELECT B.COL1, B.COL2
FROM TA BLE2 B
Plan 2
LEFT OU TER JOIN (SELECT E.COL1, E.COL2, G.COL2

SQL Plan
FROM TABLE3 E
INNE R JOIN ( SELECT F .COL1, F .COL2
FROM TAB LE4 F
GROUP BY F.COL1, F.COL2) G
ON E .COL2=G. COL2) H
ON B.CO L1 =H.CO L1) D ON A.COL2 = D.COL2
WHERE A.COL3 =20 WIT H HINT ( NO_USE_H EX_PLAN) ;

Cache
Rule-Based
Optimization
SQL Front
End

SQL
Optimizer
Plan 4

Cost-Based
Query Plan 5
Optimization

Plan 3 Plan 6
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