GONADAL HORMONES QUESTIONS ANSWERS GONADAL HORMONES QUESTIONS ANSWERS

1. It is a reproductive gland that produces the 1. Gonad 16. In the circulation of testosterone, ___ is 16. 50%, 45%
gametes (reproductive cells) and sex hormones bound to albumin while ____ is bound to Sex
of an organism. Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG).
2. Male gonads 2. Testes/Testicles 17. Testosterone concentration fluctuates in a 17. 6 am, 12 am
3. Female gonads 3. Ovaries circadian pattern (Highest at __am, lowest at
4. The primary sex hormone in males that is __ am).
secreted by the testes and the principal 4. Testosterone 18. 18. Secondary sex hair (Face, Chest, Axilla,
circulating androgen in men. 19. Pubis)
5. It refers to a male sex hormone which 5. Androgen 20. 19. Enhanced linear growth
promotes the development and maintenance of 21. Testosterone Effect 20. Development of internal and external
male sex characteristics. 22. genitalia
6. Production and secretion of testosterone is 6. FSH and LH (Alpha Subunit same as TSG 23. 21. Increased in upper body musculature
primarily controlled by _______________. and hCG) 24. 22. Development of larynx and vocal cords w/
7. These are interstitial cells present outside of deepening of the voice
the seminiferous tubules in the testicle and 7. Leydig cells 23. Mood changes and aggression
their main function is they produce 24. Promotes spermatogenesis
testosterone in the presence of LH.
8. These are somatic cells present inside of 8. Sertoli cells (nurse cell) 25. This is an objective classification system 25. Tanner Staging (aka Tanner Scale or
seminiferous tubules in testicle and are that providers use to document and track the Sexual Maturity Rating (SMR))
essential for testes formation and development and sequence of secondary sex
spermatogenesis (production of sperm). characteristics of children during puberty.
9. Sertoli cells synthesize _______________. 9. Inhibin and Androgen Binding Protein 26. 26. Pre-pubertal
10. It is a protein secreted by the Sertoli cells (ABP) 27. 27. Enlargement of the scrotum and testes
in men and by the granulosa cells in women 28. Stages of Genital Development 28. Increased length of the penis, further
that acts primarily to inhibit the synthesis and 10. Inhibin 29. in Males (Tanner Staging) enlargement of the testes
release of the FSH. 30. 29. Enlargement of the testes, scrotum, and
11. It is a protein secreted by the Sertoli cells 11. Androgen Binding Protein (ABP) penis with growth of glans; darkening of
and this protein keeps testosterone scrotal skin
concentrations at an elevated level within the 30. Mature genitalia
tubule.
12. What hormone acts on Sertoli cells? 12. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) 31. 31. Lanugo-type hair (pre-pubertal)
13. What hormone acts on Leydig cells? 13. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) 32. 32. Dark terminal hair at the base of the penis
14. The first limiting step in testosterone 14. The conversion of cholesterol to 33. Stages of Pubic Hair Development 33. Darker terminal hair spreading over
synthesis is ______________________. pregnenolone 34. in Males (Tanner Staging) junction of pubes
15. The enzyme that converts testosterone into 35. 34. Terminal hair covering pubic region, no
dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is called what? 15. 5-alpha reductase spread to medial thighs
35. Mature stage with horizontal distribution
of terminal hair to inner thighs
 GONADAL HORMONES QUESTIONS ANSWERS GONADAL HORMONES QUESTIONS ANSWERS

36. This condition occurs when gonads 36. Hypogonadism 58. (continuation) 58. Pituitary Disease
produce little or no sex hormones. It is 59. Causes of Hypogonadotropic 59. Opioid use
sometimes called gonad deficiency. 60. Hypogonadism 60. Obstructive sleep apnea
37. Types of Hypogonadism 37. Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism 61. It is a genetic condition characterized by
38. (Primary Hypogonadism) delayed or absence of signs of puberty along 61. Kallmann syndrome
38. Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism with an absent (anosmia) or impaired
(Secondary Hypogonadism) (hyposmia) sense of smell. 62. KAL1
39. This type of hypogonadism results from a 62. Kallmann Syndrome is due to ______ gene
problem within the sex glandsslows or stops 39. Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism mutation in the X chromosome.
hormone production. 63. This hormone is secreted by the 63. GnRH
40. This type of hypogonadism results from a 40. Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism hypothalamus and this triggers the pituitary
problem with the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland to produce hormones that prompt the
that affects hormone production. release of sex hormones by the gonads and the
41. 41. Klinefelter Syndrome development of sperm and egg cells. 64. Hypothalamus
42. 42. Testicular Feminization Syndrome 64. In Kallmann Syndrome, it is due to failed
43. Causes of Hypergonadotropic 43. 5-alpha Reductase Syndrome migration of GnRH neurons to the
44. Hypogonadism 44. Myotonic Dystrophy ___________ thus, it fails to secrete GnRH in
45. 45. Testicular Injury and Infection utero during infancy and at puberty.
46. 46. Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome 65. 65. Undescended or partially descended testes
66. Signs and symptoms in Kallmann 66. Small penile size
47. It is a genetic condition where a male is 47. Klinefelter Syndrome 67. Syndrome 67. Development of only one kidney
born with an extra X chromosome resulting in
the karyotype 47, XXY and the most common Diagnosis of Hypogonadism, Treatment,
sex chromosome abnormality. and Monitoring
48. 48. Small testes 68. _____________ are recommended to
49. Klinefelter Syndrome Abnormalities 49. Gynecomastia match values for reference intervals. 68. Morning samples
50. 50. Azoospermia 69. Multiple estimation of _________
51. 51. Elevated estrogen levels testosterone should be done on different ____
52. In men, this type of hypogonadism is before diagnosis of deficiency is confirmed. 69. Free and bound, days
characterized by low testosterone, elevated 52. Primary hypogonadism 70. ________________ is the treatment of
FSH & LH, and impaired sperm production. choice. 70. Testosterone Replacement
53. In men, this type of hypogonadism is 53. Secondary hypogonadism 71. _____________________ are checked
characterized by Low testosterone and Low to every _________ months and at least yearly 71. PSA, CBC and Lipid Levels; 3 to 6 months
Normal FSH and LH. after upon initiation of Therapy.
54. 54. Kallmann Syndrome 72. This hormone plays an important role in 72. Estrogen
55. Causes of Hypogonadotropic 55. Hyperprolactinemia the sexual and reproductive development in
56. Hypogonadism 56. Type 2 Diabetes women. It leads to development of secondary
57. 57. Old age female characteristics.
 GONADAL HORMONES QUESTIONS
73.
74. Types of Estrogen
75.
76. T or F: Estrogens are naturally produced
15 carbon compounds.
77. Estrogen mainly takes part on the
___________ phase of the menstrual cycle.
78. This is the weakest type of estrogen made
in the ovaries, and it is typically higher after
menopause.
79. This is the main estrogen produced in the
ovaries and it is the most prevalent estrogen in
the body during the reproductive years.
80. This is the main estrogen produced during
pregnancy and is secreted mainly by the
placenta.
81. T or F: Estrone and Estriol are intraovarian
and extraglandular conversion product.
82. It is a hormone that is produced by the
corpus luteum in the ovary. It is the main
hormone for pregnancy preparation and
continuation.
83. T or F: Progesterone is 19 carbon
compound.
84. T or F: Progesterone prepares the
endometrium for embryo implantation.
85. Progesterone is the ________ hormone in
the _______ phase of the menstrual cycle.
86.
87.
88. Stages of Breast Development
89. in Females (Tanner Staging)
90.
ANSWERS GONADAL HORMONES QUESTIONS ANSWERS
73. Estrone (E1) 91. 91. Lanugo-type hair (pre-pubertal)
74. Estradiol (E2) 92. 92. Dark terminal hair on labia majora
75. Estriol (E3) 93. Stages of Pubic Hair Development 93. Terminal hair covering labia majora and
76. False (18 carbon compound) 94. in Females (Tanner Staging) spreading to the mons pubis
95. 94. Terminal hair fully covering the labia
77. Follicular phase majora and mons pubis
95. Terminal hair covering the labia majora,
78. Estrone (E1) mons pubis, and inner thighs
96. This term refers to the absence of a
woman’s monthly period. 96. Amenorrhea
79. Estradiol (E2) 97. 97. Primary amenorrhea
98. Two Types of Amenorrhea 98. Secondary amenorrhea
99. In this type of amenorrhea, menstrual
80. Estriol (E3) periods have never begun (by age 16). 99. Primary amenorrhea
100. This type of amenorrhea is defined as the
absence of menstrual periods for 3 consecutive 100. Secondary amenorrhea
81. True cycles or a time period of more than 6 months
in a woman who was previously menstruating.
82. Progesterone 101. This term refers to infrequent irregular
menstrual periods (excess of 35-40 days). 101. Oligomenorrhea
102. This term refers to excessive menstrual
periods of more than 7 days or prolonged 102. Menorrhagia
83. False (21 carbon compound) menstrual bleeding.
103. It is a condition in women that results in 103. Hirsutism
84. True excessive hair growth of dark or coarse hair in
a male-like pattern (face, chest, back). This
85. Dominant, Luteal phase may be caused by high levels of androgen.
104. It is a condition in which a female 104. Virilization
86. Pre-pubertal develops characteristics associated with male
87. Elevation of breast bud and papilla, areolar hormones (androgens), or when a newborn has
enlargement characteristics of male hormone exposure at
88. Elevation of breast tissue and papilla birth.
89. Elevation of areola and papilla in 105. In women, this type of hypogonadism is 105. Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism
secondary mound above the level of the breast characterized by ovarian failure (naturally
90. Mature stage: recession of areola into the occurs by the age of 45).
breast with projection of papilla only
 GONADAL HORMONES QUESTIONS
106. This term refers to the absence of
menstrual periods for 12 consecutive months.
It is defined as the depletion of oocytes and
follicles at the expected time.
107. This term is defined as a premature
ovarian failure at the age of 40 below.
108.
109. Causes of Hypogonadotropic
110. Hypogonadism
111. This is an interrelationship of menstrual
dysfunction, low energy availability (with or
without an eating disorder), and decreased
bone mineral density; it is relatively common
among young women participating in sports.
112.
113. Female Athlete’s Triad
114.
115. This hormone is naturally produced in the
body by the adrenal gland and is also made
from cholesterol, and is the starting material in
the production of testosterone, progesterone,
cortisol, estrogen and other hormones.
116. It is a glycoprotein that binds to
androgens and estrogens.
117. It is a condition of overdevelopment or
enlargement of the breast tissue in men or
boys.
118. It is a condition in which there's no
measurable sperm in a man's ejaculate
(semen).
119. It is a condition of too much prolactin in
the blood of women who are not pregnant and
in men.
120. It is a disorder caused by the repetitive
collapse of the upper airway during sleep.
ANSWERS GONADAL HORMONES QUESTIONS ANSWERS
106. Menopause 121. A syndrome when a male, genetically 121. Testicular Feminization Syndrome
XY, because of various abnormalities of the X
chromosome, is resistant to the actions of the
androgen hormones, which in turn stops the
107. Premature menopause forming of the male genitalia and gives a
female phenotype.
108. Weight loss (due to anorexia nervosa, 122. This condition is characterized by 122. Myotonic Dystrophy
diseases processes, intense physical exercise – progressive muscle wasting and weakness.
runner’s amenorrhea) People with this disorder often have prolonged
109. Pituitary tumors muscle contractions (myotonia) and are not
110. Prolactinoma able to relax certain muscles after use.
123. This syndrome describes a condition of 123. Sertoli-Cell Only Syndrome
111. Female Athlete’s Triad the testes in which only Sertoli cells line is
present in seminiferous tubules. It is
characterized by male sterility without sexual
abnormality.
112. Amenorrhea 124. It is a congenital condition that affects 124. 5-alpha Reductase Syndrome
113. Eating disorder male sexual development in XY individuals. It
114. Osteoporosis is considered a disorder of sexual
differentiation, also described as an intersex
115. Pregnenolone condition. Children born with this condition
may appear to be female at birth but will
develop male genitalia during puberty.
116. Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) 125. Causes of delayed puberty. (Pls. see PPT) 125. PPT
126. It is the series of changes that occur in the
ovary during the menstrual cycle that cause 126. Ovarian Cycle
117. Gynecomastia maturation of a follicle, ovulation, and
development of the corpus luteum.
118. Azoospermia 127. Phases of Ovarian Cycle 127. (1) Follicular phase, (2) Luteal phase
128. This cycle governs the preparation and
maintenance of the lining of the uterus (womb) 128. Uterine Cycle
119. Hyperprolactinemia to receive a fertilized egg.
129. Phases of Uterine Cycle 129. (1) menses, (2) proliferative phase, (3)
secretory phase
120. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) 130. Ovarian cycle 130. PPT naa sa picture
PS. (Tan-awa ang mga tables or pics nga naa
sa PPT)