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Ullage

by Ship Inspection
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Ullage. This is a measurement of space between the surface of liquid in a tank and
the top of the tank inner surface.

Ship’s ullage tables are drawn up, based on the internal volume of a tank measured
from some reference point, e.g., the lip of an “ullage” hole. The reverse of ullage is
sounding. This is the depth of liquid in a tank measured from the liquid surface to
some reference point at the bottom of the tank “Sounding tables” may complement
or replace “ullage tables”. 

This expression covers the free space left in the tanks after loading liquids in bulk.
In oil tankers, ullage is left in order to leave room for expansion when the oil is
heated to a higher temperature before discharge. Oil can also expand with
atmospheric temperature changes so that oil tanks are customarily loaded to 98
per cent capacity.
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Written by Ship Inspection