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Article Critique
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Article Critique
Foundation of Human Development in Terms of Psychoanalytical Theories and Prenatal
Development
Introduction
The psychoanalytical community faces many pressing needs to efficiently enhance
research on psychoanalytical application, techniques, and theory. Challenge posed by these
theories is based on understanding the feeling of a child and the means of understanding the
mind of adults. As a result, it has proposed the different unconscious and conscious mental
functioning theories. Psychoanalytical theories state that human developments depend on how
well individuals resolve conflicts they face at different ages. It describes the behavior and
development resulting from the conflict, memories, and the interplay of inner drives that people
are unaware of and have no power to control. According to Orenste and Lewis (2020), the
reflection and experience reveal the explicatory shortcoming and failure of the psychoanalytical
theories, as they can be replaced or modified and cycle to begin again.
Summary
Classic psychoanalytic theories concerning early psychological development are partially
by other researchers. The two main development theories are pointed out by Freud's
psychosexual model and the psychoanalytical theories that are Erikson's concept (Orenste
&Lewis, 2020). The human internal forces affect a person's life behavior. However, the
traditional theories tend to differ from these growth and behavioral analytic approaches.
Development is seen as moving through a fixed stage, unlike the dynamic interaction between a
person's environment and individuals. Erikson and Freud are the psychoanalytic theorists whose
findings remain influential in today's world.
Infants judged to be muddled with their caregivers in the Strange Situation display
different behaviors. The human internal forces affect a person's life behavior. However, the
traditional theories tend to differ from these growth and behavioral analytic approaches.
Development is seen as moving through a fixed stage, unlike the dynamic interaction between a
person's environment and individuals. Erikson and Freud are the psychoanalytic theorists whose
findings remain influential in today's world. Erickson, who came up with the psychosocial
theory, believes that personality development is determined through external societal demands
and internal maturational plans.
Critique
The concept f human development should rely on the question of health states in of the
parents. Therefore, the aspect of personality functioning must be considered when concluding
these theories. Based on the eight stages that make up a life cycle, all aspects of other fear, such
as loss of control, castration, and annihilation, are significant. According to the Orenste and
Lewis (2020), the extent of loss of control, castration, and annihilation that occupy adults' or
child's minds are often regarded as secondary to attachment-related fears. According to Kail &
Cavanaugh (2019,p.13), the main challenge at this stage is developing the sense that the
surrounding is a safe place. For instance, when a child is anxious concerning the fear of being
abandoned, it implies that the child has been endangered with abandonment.
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However, the weakness of these theories does not distinguish the difference between
development and growth. Erickson's concepts of the human development theory have
characterized the development as growth. Yet, the two are very distinct stages regardless of
being moral, cognitive, psychosocial, or physical through age-specific states. Development and
growth do not imply the same thing as Erickson's theory.
Conclusion
The psychoanalytic community faces many pressing needs to efficiently enhance the
research on the aspect of psychoanalytical application, techniques, and theory. The challenge
posed by these theories is based on how to understand a child's feelings and means of
understanding the mind of adults. Classic psychoanalytic theories concerning early psychological
development are partially by other researchers. The two main development theories are pointed
out by Freud's psychosexual model and the psychoanalytical theories that are Erikson's concept.
The weakness of these theories does not distinguish the difference between development and
growth. Erickson's concepts of the human development theory have characterized the
development as growth.
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Reference
Kail, R. V., & Cavanaugh, J. C. (2019). Human development: A lifespan view. Cengage
Learning.
Orenstein, G. A., & Lewis, L. (2020). Eriksons stages of psychosocial development. StatPearls.