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  • Lect 2. Ethical Background

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    Jeremy Yohanes
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    The document discusses different ethical approaches that can be taken in environmental engineering. It outlines utilitarianism, which evaluates actions based on their consequences and whether they are useful or damaging. Utilitarianism was first proposed by Jeremy Bentham and later revised by John Stuart Mill. The document also discusses deontology, or duty ethics, which assesses the morality of actions based on whether they respect universal ethical principles like treating all humanity as ends in themselves. Engineers are encouraged to build sustainably rather than destroy and consider how their work affects all people.

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    The document discusses different ethical approaches that can be taken in environmental engineering. It outlines utilitarianism, which evaluates actions based on their consequences and whether they are useful or damaging. Utilitarianism was first proposed by Jeremy Bentham and later revised by John Stuart Mill. The document also discusses deontology, or duty ethics, which assesses the morality of actions based on whether they respect universal ethical principles like treating all humanity as ends in themselves. Engineers are encouraged to build sustainably rather than destroy and consider how their work affects all people.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    11 views24 pages

    Lect 2. Ethical Background

    Uploaded by

    Jeremy Yohanes
    The document discusses different ethical approaches that can be taken in environmental engineering. It outlines utilitarianism, which evaluates actions based on their consequences and whether they are useful or damaging. Utilitarianism was first proposed by Jeremy Bentham and later revised by John Stuart Mill. The document also discusses deontology, or duty ethics, which assesses the morality of actions based on whether they respect universal ethical principles like treating all humanity as ends in themselves. Engineers are encouraged to build sustainably rather than destroy and consider how their work affects all people.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 24

    Rekayasa Lingkungan

    1. Ethical Approach

    1
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    “Among the universal ethical values are honesty, integrity, promise-


    keeping, fidelity, fairness, respect for others, responsible citizenship,
    pursuit of excellence and accountability.”
    - Michael Josephson

    2
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    Engineers build, not destroy ?

    3
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    4
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    5
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    6
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    7
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    Utilitarianism
    • Action is good/bad depending on the result
    • Is it useful / damaging?
    Intrinsic value
    • Useful for whom?

    “Pleasure” is the only thing that is good in itself


    and for which everything else are instrumental

    Jeremy Bentham

    8
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    Utilitarianism
    • Action is good/bad depending on the result
    • Is it useful / damaging? Intrinsic value
    • Useful for whom?

    “Pleasure” is the only thing that is good in itself


    and for which everything else are instrumental

    Principle of majority
    Jeremy Bentham

    9
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    Utilitarianism

    Jeremy Bentham

    10
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    Utilitarianism - revised
    “Everybody may strive for his/her pleasure, so long as they do
    not deny or hinder the pleasure of others”
    Freedom Principle

    John Stuart Mill

    11
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    12
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    Deontology = Duty Ethics


    • Action is good/bad depending whether the action itself is according to the right values / norm
    • Independent of the result
    • Determined through a proper reasoning

    In everything, then, do to others as you would have them do to you.

    “Act as to treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of any


    other, in every case as an end, never as means only.”

    13
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    Deontology = Duty Ethics

    What do you think of this?

    14
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    15
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    Virtue ethics
    How
    Whatabout this
    do you person?
    think are his character traits?

    Cowardice Recklessness

    16
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    17
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    Passive (two categories) Active (3 key features)


    Mitigate disaster Prevent disaster: an ideal being
    Accountability: a person-in-charge Technological enthusiasm: desire to build
    new tech possibilities and overcome
    challenges – solve the what if’s
    Blameworthiness: could/or might be Effectiveness and efficiency
    charged for any mistake
    Judged based on 4 criteria: Wrong-doing, Human welfare
    causal contribution, foreseeability,
    freedom of action

    18
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    Problem
    statement & Conceptual
    Simulation Decision Prototype Execution
    design design
    requirement

    • Framework • Creativity • Computer • Trade off • Test • Post-


    • Technical • Bonded by simulation • Evaluation evaluation
    standard certain • Lab test
    restraints

    19
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    How to plan: Cost-benefit v Multiple criteria v Threshold Analysis


    Cost-benefit: everything is monetized

    Multiple criteria: create scales (ordinal, interval)

    Threshold: each criterion holds certain limit

    20
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    Environmental Ethics?

    Anthropocentrism: serves a value for humanity Biocentrism : possess value in itself

    21
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    Why?
    “We should not pass a poorer condition to the
    next generation” – stand still principle

    Notion of the environmental space

    Scientific disagreement about environmental effects should not


    be a reason to postpone measures against possible irreducible
    adverse effects, especially if those measures are cost- effective.

    22
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    Sustainable development is necessary

    What is “sustainable development”?

    Subject to next class

    23
    Water & Polution
    Preparatory Introduction Sustainability Civil and Environment Repair + Maintenance Eco-friendly approach Life Cycle Assessment
    Management

    24

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