Leadership

Development
 Legitimate Power
Legitimate Power is a formal type
of power derived from the position you hold
in an organization. Subordinates comply
because they believe in the legitimacy of
your position. With Legitimate Power it is
your position that gives you your power. The
higher up the organizational hierarchy you go
the more power you hold.
 Referent Power
Referent power is the ability of a leader to
influence followers because of their loyalty,
respect, friendship, admiration, affection, or
a desire to gain approval. Referent power is
gained by a leader who has strong
interpersonal relationship skills. Leadership
is increasingly about collaboration and
influence rather than command and control.
 Expert Power
Ability to influence other parties based on
expertise and knowledge. Expert power in an
organization is the ability to influence the
behavior of others in the organization based
solely on past experience and expertise in a
specific area. Possession of particular expertise,
skills and knowledge can give power.
 Coercive Power
Coercive power is based on the subordinates’
fear of the leader; maintained by the use of
threats and punishment. It’s often considered
the most extreme trait of autocratic leaders.
Staff are often scared of being shouted at or
being sacked. This fear empowers the leader.
 Reward Power
Reward power is based on the belief that a leader
controls important resources and rewards that the
followers want. Reward power not only depends on a
leader’s actual control over rewards, but also on the
followers’ perceived value of those rewards. Reward
power has been shown to be most effective when there
is a direct connection between performance and reward.
 Informational Power
Having control over information others need or
want puts you in a position of power. The power
derives not from the information itself but from
having access to it, and from being in a position to
share, withhold, manipulate, distort, or conceal it.
With this type of power, you can use information
to help others, or as a weapon or a bargaining tool
against them.
Critical
Thinking
 Critical Thinking
is the intellectually
disciplined process of
actively and skillfully
conceptualizing, applying,
analyzing, synthesizing,
and/or evaluating
information gathered from,
or generated by,
observation, experience,
reflection, reasoning, or
communication, as a guide
to belief and action.
Essential Intellectual
Standards

Universal Intellectual
Standards
are standards which when
applied to thinking provide a
means of checking the quality
of reasoning about a problem,
issue, situation, or question.