Interior Landscaping

Unit-1
of Landscape Design Module, MSc ID 3rd semester.
Introduction
• Define Landscape – A scenery that can be seen in a single viewpoint.
• Land which is perceived around together, without looking closely at single components & looks familiar.
• Provides the total character of a region & interacting ecosystems.
• What is design? - process of creation of Object/ Space/ System/ Policy
• For a predetermined purpose / Objective
• To solve one or more specified problems
• To enhance the quality of environment of the delineated space
• Landscape design carefully uses color and shape in relation to the architecture, also considers environmental
factors to create the most natural-looking landscape.
• Landscape Architects are well positioned to provide holistic approaches to the planning and management of
the built environment and natural environment.
• A garden is an excellent way of preserving the natural feel in and around the enclosed habitat boxes
• As spending even a few minutes in these greenery can help in getting rid of stress & get relaxed.
• To improve and conserve natural resources by reducing soil erosion, climate change, carbon emission.
• To reduce noise and environmental pollution and help to connect with other living creatures.
What is Landscape Architecture?
• Studies have shown that landscaping has a direct effect on not only the building outfit but also the
functionality, performance and aesthetics.

1. Master planning and design for residences, resorts, farmhouses, communities and estates are examples of
site planning landscape architecture.
2. Urban Design is to plan cities and towns and their infrastructures and growth patterns, taking into
consideration the natural geographic features and limitations.
Include residential layout, streetscapes, public squares and spaces, transportation corridors and facilities,
security, academic campuses, institutions, interior landscaping (apartments, cafes, retails, restaurant), office,
and urban plazas.
3. Parks and Recreation- This type of landscape architecture designs open spaces and recreational areas for
public use. Examples of these types of landscape architecture can include public gardens, therapeutic gardens,
arboretums, public parks, playgrounds, golf courses, sports facilities, monuments, landscape art, zoos, and
resorts.
4. Ecological and Environmental Planning - This is designing public areas using existing, natural spaces and
elements with the least modification to them.
• Landscape architecture is the design of outdoor areas, landmarks and structures to achieve environmental,
social-behavioral, or aesthetic outcomes, encompassing both hardscapes and softscapes
Urban Design
Parks and Recreation
Natural Landscapes and Landforms
• Natural landscapes are the original landscapes existing without the influence of human culture.
• The term landscape is used to describe the visible features of an area of land, the landforms that are in it,
and how these landforms characterize the geography of that particular area.
• Landforms have relationships with each other, meaning that they form distinctive groupings in different
landscapes.
• There are many different types of landscapes, including:
• Arid landscape
• Plains landscape
• Mountain landscape
• Valley landscape
• Coastal landscape
• Riverine landscape
• Rainforest landscape
Arid Landscape
• Deserts (arid lands/ drylands)
constitute about 35% of the
land areas of the world
• Rainfall scarcity, higher
temperatures and
evapotranspiration, lower
humidity
• Rarely some vegetation cover
• Due to Lack of moisture, soil is
dry, and air is dry.
Plains Landscape
• Plains are flat, sweeping
landscapes existing as
lowlands along the bottoms
of valleys or on the doorsteps
of mountains
• Plains are present on all
continents and cover more
than one-third of the world’s
land area.
Mountain Landscape
• A mountain is a large
landform that stretches
above the surrounding land
in a limited area, usually in
the form of a peak.
• A few mountains are
isolated summits, but most
occur in huge mountain
ranges.
• Colder climates strongly
affect the ecosystems of
mountains: different
elevations have different
plants and animals
Valley Landscape
• The definition of a valley is a
stretch of low land between
two mountain or hill ranges
and usually having a river or
stream flowing through it
• They all take the form of a
"U" or "V." It also can be a
long depression, or ditch, in
Earth's surface
• A vale is a valley, it is a long
depression in the land,
usually between two hills and
containing a river.
Coastal Landscape
• The coast, also known as the
coastline or seashore, is the
area where land meets the
sea or ocean, or a line that
forms the boundary between
the land and the ocean or a
lake.
• Tides often determine the
range over which sediment is
deposited or eroded.
Riverine Landscape
• A riverine landscape is formed
from the natural movement of
a water system like a river or
stream.
• Ecosystems in and around the
area of the river or rivers and
are suitable for agricultural
uses as the land is rich and
fertile.
• The basin also is a significant
wetlands
• Provide habitats for plants
endangered species and
different species of water
birds.
Rainforest Landscape
• Rainforests are forests
characterized by high and
continuous rainfall
• 40% to 75% of all biotic
species are indigenous to the
rainforests.
• There may be many millions
of species of plants, insects,
and microorganisms still
undiscovered in tropical
rainforests.
• Tropical rainforests have
been called the “jewels of
the Earth” and the “world’s
largest pharmacy”
Interior Landscaping
• Interior landscaping is the practice of designing, arranging, and caring for living plants in enclosed
environments.
• Plant-scaping and interior-scaping softened the angles, edges and horizons in the interiors

Advantages-
• Experience less stress when there are plants around. Buildings are quieter and more relaxed but, at the same
time, more stimulating and interesting.
• There is general agreement amongst scientists that plants improve the indoor environment and are useful in
fighting the modern phenomenon of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS).
• No specific cause of SBS has been identified but poor air quality, excessive background noise and inadequate
control of light and humidity are all thought to be important factors.
• Indoor landscaping provides physical and mental health benefits.
• The reason plants and trees are important to our ecosystem is because they remove carbon dioxide and
produce oxygen rich air in the enclosed spaces.
• Additionally, plants can save energy by increasing humidity and keeping the air temperature down.
Factor to be considered for interior landscaping

• Scale: scale of a plant is large or small, is determined by the relation with the part of the building.
• Concept: The Landscape designer should select the hardscapes and softscapes used in interior or exterior
designs in sync with the theme selected.
• Harmony: Any landscape design must have integrity, and the different parts of the design must be united
and should express their purpose in a single harmonious composition
• Contrast: Contrast in landscape design means variety in design. It should not be so apparent as to produce
inharmonious results or to affect the unity of the design. Contrast may occur in form, size, colour, or texture.
• Emphasis: The users should be in leisure or in pauses to notice and appreciate the landscape provided.
Interior Landscaping
Interior Landscaping
• The Chinese - First evidence for interior use of plants 3,000 years ago.
• The Egyptians and the Babylonians - The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, built around 605B.C.
• The Greeks - Origin of true pot gardening.
• The Romans - The first use of plants in architecturally confined spaces;
• Mica or talc - covered hothouse (greenhouse) for the cultivation of exotic plants,
• Dark Ages - After the invasion of Rome (476 A.D) Horticultural knowledge kept alive in monasteries.
• The Crusades (1100- 1300 A.D.) introduced new species.
• Renaissance Development - Revival of pot gardening; Orangeries and greenhouses for the wealthy estates.
• Discovery of America (1492), India (1498) and Java (1511)- introduction of new plants into Southern Europe.
• First botanical garden - Padua, 1545.
• 18th Century - Over 5,000 species were introduced; Glass house, transmitting better light for inside plant.
• The first American hothouse was built in New England in 1737 by Andrew Faneuil.
• Victorian Pursuits – English interest in exotic plants; by 1820 the Kew Botanic Garden had 8,000 species.
• N.B. Ward (1831) introduced Wardian Cases (terrariums).
• Indoor gardening is becoming popular in America.
 History of Landscape Design as Gardens

• study some of the achievements of the past in this field, they accompanied the development of architecture
through the ages
• In the ancient era, they came up with different gardening concepts, as per their lifestyle requirements,
country’s climatic conditions,
• Availability of local plants, materials and mainly the influences and their share of knowledge about
landscape.
• The word gardening refers to enclosure.
• A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation and enjoyment of plants
and other forms of nature.
• A garden was mainly used for aesthetics, functional, recreational & religious purposes
• Tending to a single plant to an entire garden with a variety of plants. It involves growing and caring for plants
either in pots or on the ground directly.
• The design and construction of gardens and outdoor areas is required to achieve the desired aesthetics and
purpose.
Gardens of ancient Egypt
• Reflected climatic, physical, and religious
influences.
• The gardens of a high official - usually occupied a
square of land and were surrounded by lofty walls.
• The dwelling houses within the walls were hidden
away and shaded by trees,
• The grounds were enlivened by ponds, waterfalls,
and green borders.
• In the middle, were vineyards and rows of trees.
Gardens of the Persians

• The gardens of the Persians were

rectangular and enclosed by high mud walls.
• They are divided by interesting, raised paths
and low fences and embellished with little
tunnels and blue tiled pools, pavilions,
kiosks, and canopied summer houses
• The Persian garden is a manifestation of
supreme values and concepts and is well-
known as a bridge connecting the two
worlds of matter and meaning.
• The philosophical design concept of Persian
gardens is believed to be rooted in the four
sacred elements of water, wind, fire and soil.
Renaissance Italian Gardens
• Manu villas of renaissance Italy were
distinguished for their beauty.
• They were built upon and were closely
adapted to the Italian hillside.
• The major lines of the plans of those villas
followed the slopes, with three or four
terraces faced with stone and equipped
with balustrades and steps.
• The lower level contained the flower
garden and the principal Entrance
• The second levels contained the house,
and the upper levels included the
woodland.
• Water was used to achieve spectacular
effects, and many of human figure
sculptor are seen.
Spanish gardens of the Renaissance

• The Spanish gardens of the Renaissance were

also notable.
• They occupied lofty sites and had arcaded
courts.
• They made use of channels, fountains, and jets
of water, rows of potted plants and tile
decorations.
• Palms and orange trees framed more distant
vistas.
Renaissance gardens of France

• They were developed in the grand manner,

with no stinting of money, labor, or talent.
• Among their most outstanding features were
an intricate pattern of cross-connecting
avenues, an amazing display of statues,
cascades, and fountains, and a canal a mile
or more in length.
• The basic characteristic of the Renaissance
Garden was its formality; it was balanced
and orderly.
• Its planes, patterns, and shapes were those
of geometry, not of nature.
Chinese gardens
• To the Chinese, the untouched landscape is
the noblest subject matter.
• Thus, man-made forms are abandoned in
favor of naturalistic ones.
• Chinese gardens represented as actual
scenes, hills, and streams.
• Paths ran through the gardens in pebbled
patterns; doors were often circular, or
octagonal.
• Weird, contorted, water-worn rocks and
petrified plant forms were used as
sculpture, along with guardian dogs and
other features of stone.
• Water flowed quietly or lay calmly in lakes
or ponds.
Japanese Gardens

• The Japanese derived their landscape

inspiration from the Chinese
• Included meaningful stones and stone
lanterns, trees, pagodas, arched bridges,
and characteristic fences and gates.
• The use of glass, is great interest in
Japanese gardens,
• Japanese sliding walls with the ironclad
division between the indoors and the
outdoors got famous for centuries.
Formal tradition

• The formal tradition has elements of order,

proportion, rational planning, and beauty.
• It revealed an intimate formality in the earlier
English gardens

• A garden with geometric shapes and mostly

symmetrical layout, protected by walls.
• Trimmed formal hedges and lawns, edges, cypress,
and topiary or sculptors.
• Hardscape dominates with terraces, columns and
pathways and gateways.
• Informal landscape design is the
exact opposite of the formal style.
• A more relaxed feel is achieved by
using curved lines and irregular
shapes.
• The plantings are massed in a more
informal manner creating a
naturalistic appearance.
• The informal design reached its
lowest status, as a careless scattering
of plants and meaningless
irregularity.
 Contemporary house garden

• New concept of landscape design in which not just views • The garden was designed to walk in or through.
but also the use of space, space relations, and new • Today the garden is designed to live in, and the use of glass
materials, as well as freedom of form, are important walls has made the garden a part of the living area of the
considerations. house.
• The design may be formal or informal, or a combination of
the two.
Question Bank