CONTENTS:

• What is Paint?
• Objectives of Paint.
• Characteristics of good Paint.
• Ingredients of Paint
• Types of Paint
• Application on different surfaces
• Defects in Painting
Paint is the general term for a product used to
preserve, protect and decorate surfaces and enable
them to be cleaned easily.
WHY IS PAINT NEEDED ?

• To protect the surface from weathering effects of Sun,

wind,
rain, moisture, cold, heat, etc.

• To create a clean, colorful and pleasing atmosphere.

• To simplify the cleaning process.

• To protect the material from decay & effects of

processes
like rusting, insects and termite attacks etc.
 Characteristics of good Paint.

The characteristics of good Paint should be judged at all the three

stages, i.e., before, during and after the application.

• Paint should posses good spreading or covering power.

• It should adhere well to the surface to which it is applied.

• The paint film on drying should be impervious, smooth and

uniform in thickness.

• The paint film should be thick enough to restrict the action of

weathering agencies.

• The color should not fade due to atmospheric effects.

• It should not have any injurious effect to the surface or on the

workman.
Ingredients of Paint
PAINT

Base Vehicle

Binder Thinner Drier

Base or Pigment:
• Pigment is a component of paint. It is a coloring material
usually a finely ground powder which does not dissolve.

• Pigments, usually insoluble powders, are used both to provide

color, and to make paint opaque, thus protecting the substrate from the
harmful effects of ultraviolet light while also increasing a paint's hiding power.

•It reinforces the film on drying.

•The ‘base’ reduces the shrinkage effects and

prevents the paint from getting penetrated in
the surfaces.
• Basically, pigments can be broadly divided in two parts :
- Natural pigments and
- Chemically manufactured pigments.

Limonite Malachite

Azurite Hematite
Vehicle or Carrier:

• This is in liquid form and helps in spreading the base material & other
constituents of the paint evenly on the surface.
• Vehicle is mainly composed of binder and thinner.

Binder:
• Binder helps in fixing the pigment to the surface and also imparts gloss and
waterproofing characteristics.
• The binder is the part which eventually solidifies to form the
dried paint film.
• Paints that dry contain a solid binder dissolved in a solvent; this
forms a solid film when the solvent evaporates.
• Normal vehicles used are Linseed oil, nut oil, Poppy oil or
water.
Thinner :
• Thinner is a volatile substance and is added in the paint to make the application
smooth and easy. Also the addition of thinner, gives a better covering power.
• Turpentine and water are common thinners.

Drier:
• Driers accelerates the drying of the paint after it is applied.
Also the drier makes the paint hard.
• Common driers are compounds of Manganese, Cobalt,
Vanadium and Lead.
Types of Paint:

1. Oil paint:
• These paints have linseed oil medium.
• Oil paints dry by evaporation of the solvent and by oxidation.
• These are generally used for all types of surfaces such as
woodwork, walls, ceilings, metal work, etc.

2. Cement based paint:

• This consists of boiled linseed oil in which dry good cement is added to an
amount that a paint of workable consistency is obtained.
These have better waterproofing qualities.
•

• These are used for painting plastered brickwork, stone

masonry, corrugated iron sheets, etc.
3. Emulsion Paints:
• These contain synthetic resins as vehicle.
• The vehicle imparts a good alkali resistance quality.
• They have the quality of quick drying, good workability and
high durability.
• The painted surface can be washed with water.
• This paint can be used on bricks and masonry surfaces.

4. Enamel Paint:
• It dries slowly but imparts a hard, impervious, glossy and
durable film over the surface.
• The enamel painted surface is not affected by water, acids, or
fumes of gas.
• The enamel painted surface can be washed easily.
• These can be used for both internal and external works,
porches, concrete surfaces, etc.
Texture paint
This is widely done for concept walls
It is a good substitute for wallpaper
You can create your own textures or select ones
from the shade cards
Painting in textures requires more drying time

PLAY VIDEO
12.2 & 12.3
Application on different surfaces:

• Painting on new woodwork

• Repainting on old woodwork
• Painting on new iron and steel work
• Repainting on old iron and steel work
• Painting on plastered surface
Painting on new woodwork:

• The wood to be painted should not contain too much moisture.

• The surface is dusted off thoroughly.
• Knots should not be there on the surface to be painted.
• A good quality primer is applied.
• Cracks and nail holes are filled with putty.
• Two under coats are applied giving enough time for each
undercoat to dry thoroughly.
• After the undercoats are dry, the final finishing coat is applied.

PLAY VIDEO 12.1

Repainting on old woodwork:
• The old paint, having cracks and blisters should be removed.
• After that, the surface is properly cleaned and rubbed.
• The rubbed surface is given 2-3 oats to get the desired effect.

Painting on new iron and steel work:

• The surface should be free from grease, rust, dirt etc. Wire brushes, scrapers
etc are used for this. Water with caustic soda is used to remove grease.
Large holes are filled with M Seal.
• Red oxide is used as primer in case of steel or iron work. These
• primers are thinned with turpentine.
Then again the surface is sanded.
• undercoat of paint is applied with the help of brush or by spray
• gun.
After the undercoats are dried, the finishing coat is applied.
•
Repainting on old iron and steel work:

• The old surface is thoroughly cleaned by application of soap

water.
• Grease should be removed with the help of lime and water.
• The surface is then scraped with wire brush and washed with
solution of caustic soda and fresh slaked lime.
• After the surface is prepared, paining is carried out as in new surface.
Painting on plastered surfaces (walls):

• Cleaning and Sanding.

• Filling the large holes
• Primer coat
• Stopping or Putty - filling
• or Filler - paste filling
• 1’st coat of paint Filler paste
• touch - ups
2nd coat of paint
Defects in painting:
• Blistering - It is caused because of poor adhesion or formation of
bubbles under the paint film.
• Blooming – It is caused because of presence of moisture. Dull
patches are formed on the painted surface.
• Brush marks – It is caused because of poor workmanship or by
brushing over a partially set painted surface.
• Flaking or Peeling – It is caused due to poor adhesion or presence
of moisture while painting.
• Pin holes – this is caused due to the air bubbles when a paint covers small
cavities. The bubbles burst and leave small craters.
• Slow drying – This may be the result of painting in a damp
weather or on a greasy surface or on a unhardened undercoat.
THE END