• Paint is a colored liquid mixture to coat surfaces

by a brush or other means where it solidifies into

an impermeable film.
 To protect the surfaces from the aggressive effects
of the surroundings
 To provide pleasing and colorful appearance
 To prevent decay of wooden members
 To prevent corrosion of metallic surfaces
 To provide a smooth surface for easy cleaning
• Base: White lead, red lead, aluminium powder to
give durability and protection to painted surface
• Vehicle or binder: Facilitate the spread of paint
and bind the paint and the surface
• Solvent or thinner: Adjust the viscosity of the
paint, Oil is thinner in oil paint and water is
thinner in emulsions
• Drier: Accelerate the drying like Pb or Co
• Coloring pigments
1. Oil Paint
2. Aluminium paint
3. Enamel Paint
4. Emulsion Paint
5. Anti-corrosive paint
6. Distempers
7. Plastic Paint
8. Synthetic rubber paint
1. White lead, zinc white with pigment is
ground together with a binder, usually
linseed oil, although other oils are used.
Wax can be added, also driers and
stabilizers.
2. The film produced by the paint is glossy
and washable.
3. It is generally applied in three coats.
4. Oil paints resist corrosion of a metal.
5. Resist aggressive elements in
atmosphere
1. Aluminium paint consists
aluminium powder in oil varnish.
2. Paint is heat resisting
3. Paint is also visible in darkness
4. Paint is impervious to moisture
5. Paint is highly anti-corrosion
6. Aluminium paints are used for hot
water pipes, marine piers, oil
storage tanks.
• Aluminium is a silvery white member of the
boron group of chemical elements. It has the
symbol Al and its atomic number is 13. It is
not soluble in water under normal
circumstances. Aluminium is the most
abundant metal in the Earth's crust, and the
third most abundant element, after oxygen
and silicon. It makes up about 8% by weight
of the Earth's solid surface. Aluminium is too
reactive chemically to occur in nature as a
free metal. Instead, it is found combined in
over 270 different minerals. The chief source
of aluminium is bauxite ore.
1. Aluminium paint consists
aluminium powder in oil varnish.
2. Paint is heat resisting
3. Paint is also visible in darkness
4. Paint is impervious to moisture
5. Paint is highly anti-corrosion
6. Aluminium paints are used for hot
water pipes, marine piers, oil
storage tanks.
1. Emulsion is defined as a mixture of one
liquid with another with which it cannot
normally combine smoothly — oil and
water being the classic example.
2. Modern emulsion paints have water as
base along with vinyl or acrylic resins
added to make them hard wearing.
3. Emulsions give various degrees of sheen.
4. Paint dry quickly (in about 2 hours).
5. Paints are washable
6. The color is retained for a long duration.
7. Paint is mostly employed for walls, steel
and woodwork.
1. Enamel paint consists of white lead or zinc
white ground in oil and mixed with a resinous
matter
2. It dries slowly
3. It is resistant to steam, fumes, acids and
alkalis.
4. It is durable and forms a tough, elastic and
highly glossy film.
5. It is employed for painting door and window
frames and protecting timber .
6. Paint is used both for external and internal
works.
• Since paints are devised for
protecting metal surfaces, it
is broadly believed that all
paints are anti-corrosion
paints. But it is not a correct
version. All oil-based
paints, for example, are not
anti-corrosion paints. They
are merely decorative paints
which protect the metal
surface partially against the
climatic corrosion but fail to
stand against the drastic
corrosion caused by various
industrial chemicals & gases.
• A paint formulated with a corrosive-resistant
pigment (such as lead chromate, zinc
chromate, or red lead) and a chemical- and
moisture-resistant binder used to protect iron
and steel surfaces.
• Paint should have a high temperature
tolerance.
 Contain white cement,
coloring pigments,
accelerators, all ground
together in fine powder.
Powder is further mixed with
water to make liquid paint
Do mixing thoroughly
 Cement paints can be used Step1: Mix cement paint and water in
proper ratio
Take 2 parts of cement paint and one part
for damp walls of water and stir thoroughly. Take care to
add cement paint gradually to the water

 Cement paints require curing and not vice versa.

Step 2: Add remaining water
Add remaining one part of water to the
mixture 
Step 3: Shake the solution
Stir the solution thoroughly to obtain
uniform finish. 
Apply first coat of cement paint
Apply the solution.
Apply prepared solution with brushes or spray
machine after cleaning and wetting cement or
concrete surface. Shake the solution during
application and use it within one hour after
mixing otherwise it would be thicken and affect
the finish. 
Getting good finish
Take care that the thickness of paint is
uniform. Brush out the laps well and dampen the
surface after days work.  
 Apply second coat of cement paint
After the first coat is set at least for 24 hours,
apply second coat by repeating application
process of the first coat. 
Do proper curing
Cement paints need curing. Water should be
sprinkled for at least two days.
 All paints are comprised of powdered pigments, dissolved
in either water or oil, and some kind of binding agent.
 In a distemper paint, the powdered pigment is chalk, the
binding agent is glue -- typically from a mammal skin and
water as vehicle or carrier or thinner.
 Most often when a paint expert refers to distemper paint
they mean one bound with animal glues, vegetable-based
glue or even a glue derived from eggs or milk.
 Distemper are cheap water paints
 They are applied to plastered surfaces
 Coloring pigments are also added
 Distempers are easy to apply
 Chalk is a soft, white, porous
sedimentary rock, a form of limestone
composed of the mineral calcite.
Calcite is calcium carbonate or
CaCO3.
 Chalk is composed mostly of calcium
carbonate with minor amounts of silt
and clay. It is normally formed
underwater, commonly on the sea
bed, then consolidated and
compressed during diagenesis into
the form commonly seen today.
A mixture of ground limestone and water.
Pigments may also be added for coloring
Whitewash is a cheap paint and is used
for low cost houses in rural areas
Generally three coats are applied to get a
good looking surface
Solution of resins in alcohol
A solid or semisolid viscous substances
obtained either from certain plants or
prepared by polymerization of simple
molecules. Resins are binding agent and
alcohol is thinner or solvent.
Varnishes also include driers
• Protection of surface from weathering.
• Provision of brilliance to the coated surface
• Brightening of appearance of grains in wood
• Varnish is usually applied to wood and the
process is called varnishing.
• Special brushes (fine haired), called
varnishing brushes are used for
varnishing.
• Varnish can also be done with woolen
cloth.
• Varnish is applied in several coats till a
polished surface is obtained.
• Before painting, a primer is applied.
• Purpose of primer is to fill minute pores of
surface and present a smooth surface
• Alkali-resistant primer is applied for lime
plastered paints
• Separate primers for wood and steel are
also available
1. Nature of the surface
2. Moisture in the material/surface
3. Alkalinity of the surface
4. Humidity in air
5. Purpose of paint
6. Cost of paint
7. Color of paint
1. Nature of the surface
Different types of paints are suitable for different
types of surfaces e.g.
a. Oil paints being corrosion resistant are
applied for metallic surfaces
b. Water based
2. Moisture in the material/surfaces
a. Oil paints should not be used for freshly
plastered surfaces
b. Microporous paints are recommended for
moist walls
3. Alkalinity in the surface
a. Paints on a lime plastered surface should be
resistant to alkalis otherwise it will react with
lime
b. Lime plastered surfaces should be treated
with a suitable alkali-removing primer before
painting
4. Relative humidity in air
a. Oil paints do not stick to surface in humid
conditions
b. Also drying of paints is very slow in humid air
5. Purpose of paint
a. Oil paints are preferred in kitchen
b. Lime plastered surfaces should be treated with a
suitable alkali-removing primer before painting
6. Cost of paint
a. Low cost rural houses do not need expensive paints
b. Expensive paints are used for showcases of large
departmental stores
7. Color of paint
a. Color of paint should be stable in its environment
b. Bright colors are not recommended for exterior as
they fade very quickly