Selecting Non-digital

Episode
or Conventional
Resources and
FIELD STUDY 2 Learning Episode 12
Instructional
Materials

To have a meaningful and successful accomplishment in this FS episode, be sure to read

through the whole episode before participating and assisting in your FS 2 Resource
Teacher's class. Note all the information you will need and tasks you will need to do before
working on this episode.

Target Your Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of this Learning Episode, I must be able to:

• show skills in the selection, development and use of a variety of teaching and learning
resources,to address learning goals. (PPST 4.5.1)
• show skills in the positive use of non-digital/conventional resources and
materials for student engagement in teaching and learning.
• demonstrate positive attitude towards the use of resources and instructional materials.
• use professional reflection and learning to improve practice. (PPST 7.4.1)

Clarify Your Task

We choose the most appropriate or suitable resources or instructional materials

based on our lesson objectives or learning outcomes. Even when technology-based
educational materials abound, the teacher still needs to be competent in selecting and
developing resources and materials that are not ICT-based. Teachers should know how to
be resourceful in tapping non-digital or conventional resources and materials available in the
area and situation.

Any book on educational technology or instructional materials would usually devote

some pages to Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience. It is a classic model articulating the
different types of audiovisual materials and how these audiovisual types relate to each
other. Seventy-five years ago, in 1946, Dale already identified ten classifications of
instructional materials, which remain to be relevant today, namely:(1) Direct, Purposeful
Experiences; (2) Contrived Experiences;(3)Dramatic Participation; (4) Demonstrations; (5)
Field Trips; (6) Exhibits;(7) Motion Pictures;(8)Radio/Recordings/Still Pictures; (9) Visual
Symbols and (10) Verbal Symbols. According to Dale,“The cone device is a visual metaphor
of learning experiences,
in which the various types of audiovisual materials are arranged in the order of increasing
abstractness as one proceeds from direct experiences.” As such,the Cone of Experience can
be seen more as a continuum, not just a hierarchy. It is a way to see instructional materials
in a continuum from increasing concreteness in one direction to increasing abstractness in
the other.

Jerome Bruner explained the three ways by which we can represent knowledge.
These representations are: 1. Enactive - which involves movement and physical
manipulation, 2. Iconic-which involves pictures and images; and 3. Symbolic, which involves
symbols like letters and numbers. Both the teachers and students make representations of
knowledge. The teachers, when they teach or impart knowledge, and by learners when they
show or demonstrate what they have learned. Ideally, the more direct and real the
experience given to students to learn something, the better is the opportunity for learning.
However, it is not always possible to do so. For instance, during the pandemic, all classes
switched to flexible learning utilizing online modalities,TV,Radio,and printed modules.
Situation and context challenge teachers to choose the best instructional materials
considering the limitations.

As you work on this episode, remember that you take the role of an FS student now
participating and assisting in the work of selecting non-digital or conventional resources and
instructional materials. You are not simply a detached observer, but you are now a
participantas well. You are more involved in the tasks, becoming more and more a teacher!

Be mindful that you are also developing yourself as a teacher-researcher. Always

use your capacity to notice what is going well? Or what can be missing; what can be
improved? What can be a new way of doing things? Then focus on finding out the answers
to these questions. That as a teacher, you .can always find ways to do things better and
more effectively. Also, aim to develop the confidence to try and initiate to continuously
improve your skills.

Revisit the infographics on the Dale Cone of experiences showing types of

audiovisual instructional materials and the selection criteria and steps in using instructional
materials. (Today, some of these materials can be described as multi-sensory, not just
audio-visual.) They will prepare you to perform well in this episode. Go FS student,go!
 THE DALE CONE OF EXPERIENCE AND EXAMPLES OF RESOURCES AND MATERIALS

Text/Verbal Symbols Picture/ Visual Symbols

Audio Recordings/Photos
• Usually written words that • charts
• Recorded lectures represent an object, an • graphs
• Audio books idea or a principle • aps
• Selected readings • drawings

Motion Pictures/TV
Exhibits • Biography Movies
• Painting exhibit • Greek Mythology
• Photo Gallery Movies
• Career Fair • Documentaries
• Educational TV

Demonstrations Field Trips

• How to cook bibingka • Zoo
• How to use the • Museum
Microsoft • Factory
• How to wash hands
properly

Contrived Experiences Direct-Purposeful Experiences Dramatized Experiences

• Model of the brain
• Mock-up of a car
• Simulation of a
courtroom session
• games
• Tree-planting
• Dramatic play
• Working with puzzles
• Pantomime
• Performing on experiment
• Puppet
• Running a fund drive
• Tableau
References: Instructional Media (Smith and Nagel) Educational Technology
(Corpuz and Lucido)
 Participate and Assist
1. Consult your FS Resource Teacher about this episode. Let your teacher know that the task for this
episode is for you to assist the teacher by providing suggestions on resources and materials that
the teacher can use in delivering a lesson on a specific topic.
2. Request your FS Resource Teacher for a topic/lesson he/she will be teaching soon. You will also
need the learning objectives/outcomes for this lesson. Some teachers may instruct you to write a
complete lesson plan.
3. Refer to these guide points. Consider which ones are applicable. The non-digital or conventional
resource or instructional material:

a. Has accurate and meaningful content

b. Aligns to the learning objectives/outcomes of the lesson
c. Elicits student interest and engagement
d. Is inclusive and free from cultural bias
e. Is developmentally appropriate
f. Fosters critical thinking/aesthetic appreciation
g. Allows collaboration among learners
h. Flexible for group or self-study
i. Time and cost-efficient
4. Fill out the table Below

Subject Grade Level:

Topic:
Learning Objectives/Outcome
Resources/ Instructional Materials
you plan to utilize in the lesson.
What is the use or purposes of
resource/ materials? Describe how
you will use the resources/
materials to attain the learning
objectives/ outcomes.
Explain why you selected the
resource/ material based on the
guide points mentioned above.
How are these criteria met?
Resources/ Instructional Materials
you plan to utilize in the lesson.
What is the use or purpose of
resource/ material? Describe how
you will use the
resources/materials to attain the
learning objectives/outcomes.
Explain why you selected the
resources/material based on the
guide points mentioned above.
How are these criteria met?

5. As the situation would permit, try out the resources/materials with the students. Be sure to
follow the steps on using instructional materials found in the Infographics section of this
Episode.
 NOTICE:

After you participated or assisted in using resources/instructional materials in teaching-

learning, described what you observed and experienced by answering the items below.

1. How did your prepare for this activity?

2. Described how you or the teacher utilized the resources/instructional materials. Narrate
your experience as you participated and assisted.

3. What were your feelings and thoughts while you were assisting with the use of the
resources/materials?

4. Described how the students responded and participated.

 ANALYZE:

What worked well during the activity using the resources/materials?

What part can be improved?

What would you have done differently? What would I change? What will make it better next
time?

How does this connect with what you know about selecting and using instructional
materials?

REFLECT:

1. How ready am I in selecting and developing resources/instructional materials in the

teaching-learning process?
2. What do I still need to learn to select and develop resources/instructional materials in
teaching effectively?

3. What can I do to learn more about and practice the use of resources and instructional
materials?

Write Action Research Prompts

This part allows you to synthesize or put together what you noticed, analyzed, and reflected
on to come up with possible topic to explore for an action research.

OBSERVE

1. Doing this episode on selecting and using resources/instructional materials, what

problematic situation/challenges/area of improvement did I find?

REFLECT

2. List at least three sources that you have read about this problem/challenges/area of
improvement

Resource or Reference about the Topic Key points/findings in what I read

On what theories/principles can this problem be anchored?

3. What do I hope to achieve to address the challenges/area of improvement? What change

do I want to achieve?

PLAN

4. What strategies/solutions/means can I employ to improve the situation/solve the

problem?

ACT

6. If you will conduct actual research, what will be the title (Base this on your answer in
nos. 1-3)
Works on my Artifacts:
Attach pieces of evidence of what you accomplished in this episode.