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Converting Wasted Sound Energy to Electricity by Using Condenser Microphone

and Power Amplifier

Research · December 2020

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.17688.83203

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Converting Wasted Sound Energy to Electricity by
Using Condenser Microphone and Power Amplifier
Donia Hany, Safaa Emad, Martha Atta, Habiba Ahmed, Toka Khaled
Obour STEM School, Giza, Egypt
Email: Donia.1518105@stemkalubua.moe.edu.eg
Safaa.2118130@stemkalubya.moe.edu.eg
ABSTRACT: One of the most vulnerable global
challenges that face the world is relying heavily on
oil, natural gas, and coal for energy needs, besides
increasing the dependence on fossil fuels. These
fuels draw on lots of resources that will eventually
diminish, making them too expensive or
environmentally damaging to recover. Wastes are
convertible to useful energy forms like polluted air
or even sound waves. This research's primary
investigation is to present using the sound waves
that come out from the factories' machines' and
converting it to electricity. The produced electricity
will return to the machine and operate it without
using an external source of electricity. The
experiment was done using a power amplifier,
capacitors, electric condenser microphone,
potentiometer, and ohms. The experiment results
fulfilled the design requirements as cost reduction,
high efficiency and quality, and long endurance. The
prototype output of electricity was 16V, and its
efficiency was 15%. One of the most vulnerable
global challenges that face the world is relying
heavily on oil, natural gas, and coal for energy
needs, besides increasing the dependence on fossil
fuels. These fuels draw on lots of resources that will
eventually diminish, making them too expensive or
environmentally damaging to recover. Wastes are
convertible to useful energy forms like polluted air
or even sound waves. This research's primary
investigation is to present the idea of using the sound
waves that comes out from the factories' machines
and converting them to electricity. The produced
electricity will return to the machine and operate it
without using an external source of electricity. The
experiment was done using a power amplifier,
capacitors, electric condenser microphone,
potentiometer, and ohms. The experiment results
fulfilled the design requirements as cost reduction,
high efficiency and quality, and long endurance. The
prototype output of electricity was 16V, and its
efficiency was 15%.
KEYWORDS: Potentiometer- Oscilloscope-
Function signal generator- Kaolin welding
INTRODUCTION
The need for energy is increasing with the rapid
development of technology. However, the lack of
energy resources is a wide-reaching problem, and it
influences the growth of the whole world.
Eventually, the world will run out of the non-
renewable sources that it relies on. The world
consumes 35,442,913,090 barrels of oil from 2016,
equivalent to 97,103,871 barrels per day. According
to some statistics, the world has about 47 years of
oil left, and it will end. Therefore, the focus should
go on renewable energy or new ways to form
energy. Consequently, the purpose of this research
is to investigate a new way to generate electricity
and address some experimental and tested
mythologies to solve this pandemic, in conjunction
with, how to apply them on a large scale. This will
be done by converting the sound waves using the
dynamic microphones to collect the noise and
passed it by some electronic devices and some
resistances to make the circuit more powerful and
generates high electricity. Some electronic devices
such as the “Power amplifier” convert the low-level
signal into a large-level signal. “Potentiometers” to
provide variable resistance. “Ohm” to increase the
ampere that gets out from the circuit. “Function
signal generators” to generates different types of
electrical waveforms over a wide range of
frequencies. “Power supply” to change the electrical
current from a source to the accurate voltage,
frequency, and current to supply the load. The
experiment was tested and prove to be applicable
and efficient. Ultimately, this research is organized
as follows: The first section introduced the
mythologies solution for the energy crisis issue. In
the second section, the methods to do this
experiment. Then, the results will be discussed and
analyzed for each material—lastly the
acknowledgment and references.
 III. The Experiment:

MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was made by the following steps:
1. First, the circuit was exposed to sound from a
I. The Materials: device called function signal generator or by using a
microphone. However, the signal generator was
LM 741 audio power Potentiometer used to calculate the input as it is easier to control
amplifier the amount of the sound that enters the circuit by it.
1 0hm Power supply 2. Then, the power supply was put with input.
3. After that, the oscilloscope was connected to the
Microphone oscilloscope output of the circuit to measure the output in
drawings to show the amplitude and the frequency
Function signal Electric wires like in figure (4).

Digital
Multi meter
II. The Methods:
Figure (4): Represent the Frequency of the Output of
1. First the 50K potentiometer was connected to pin the Circuit
(3) in the amplifier (which is the negative input)
4. Finally, the multimeter was used to determine the
according to LM 741 diagram as shown in figure (1)
output and it was 16 volts and 0.03 milliampere.
by using tin and kaolin welding to decrease the
melting point of tin as shown in figure (2).
ANALYSIS AND DISSCUSION

The cost of using the wasted energy to generate

Figure (2): Shows
Figure (1): Shows the
Connection of the Circuit the kaolin welding
2. Second the 1k ohm resistance was connected to
pin (2) (the negative input).
3. Then, connected the 1k ohm to the V- pin (4) (the
ground)
4. A 50k potentiometer was also put in pin (2) and
connected with pin (6) the output.
5. A mic or a (function signal generator) were put as
an input to pin (3) the positive input.
6. Finally, the V+ supply. A 5v is the maximum
input to this kind of amplifier and it was put with the
Power supply. The results have been checked by a
Digital oscilloscope that shown in figure (3)
Figure (3): Indicates the shape of the Digital
Oscilloscope
electricity is more economical than using the
traditional one. The idea is to solve the energy crisis
problem by generating electricity from the noise that
gets out of the machines in factories and that was a
new way to generate electricity.
I. The Scientific Reasons behind the Idea:
1- Electric Condenser Microphone: This type of
microphones works on the principle of capacitance.
The capacitors inside it consists of parallel
conducting plates that stores charges and are used to
smooth out signals like voltage vibration. In this
condenser microphone the incoming sound vibrates
one plate of the capacitors. The varying capacitance
is converted into a corresponding electrical signal.
2-A Power Amplifier: a power amplifier had been
used as it converts the low-level signal into large
level signal. The job of power amplifiers is the
producing of high voltage. The voltage amplifier
stage (VAS) is considered the core of the power
amplifier. Most VAS circuits work in class A mode
science they basically require only a small amount
of current. And therefore, a little power loses over
the active device.
3- Potentiometers: also known as POT, are variable
resistors. They provide a variable resistance by

2
simply varying the knob on top of its head. It can be
classified based on two main parameters. One is
their Resistance (R-ohms) itself and the other is its
Power (P-Watts) rating. The value or resistance
decides how much current will flow. The greater the
resistor value the smaller the current will flow. They
have inverse proportional to each other. it is used in
Voltage and Current Control Circuits, used as
volume control knobs in radios, it also used to
Tuning or controlling circuits and Analog input
control knobs.
4- Ohm: - An ohm is the resistance that occurs when
a current of one ampere passes through a resistor
with one volt across its terminals. The current is
inversely proportional to the voltage across the
terminal ends. The current also is inversely
proportional to the resistance. This ratio is
represented by Ohm’s law: R=V/I This is why we
used a 1-ohm resistance to increase the ampere that
get out from the circuit.
5- Power Supply: it is an electrical device used to
give electrical supply to electrical loads. The main
function of this device is to change the electrical
current from a source to the accurate voltage,
frequency and current to supply the load.
6- Oscilloscope: commonly used to display and
analyze the waveform of electronic signals. the
device draws a graph of the instantaneous signal
voltage as a function of time.
7-Function Signal Generators: it generates
different types of electrical waveforms over a wide
range of frequencies. Function generators are used
in the development, test and repair of electronic
equipment.
II. The Design Requirements
After doing the experiment, it was found that they
all met the design requirements and chosen solution
requirements that was put. which are: High
Efficiency: - The prototype meets this design
requirement as the power input (sound) was 0.32
watt and the output was 4.8*10^-4 watt so the
efficiency was 15% so, an assumption has been
made to predict the result if the input increases and
where each time the input increases the output
increases as shown in table (1) and graph (1).
Power 4.8 7.2 10 13.2
out
Power 0.32 0.48 0.64 0.8
in
Table (1): Shows the output and the input of
four trials.
3
Graph (1): Illustrates the relation between the
output and the input.
Endurance: - After searching, it was found that all
devices that have been used has high lifetime but,
the ohms has the shortest time as the life time of it
is 166 days, so the endurance of the circuit was 166
days and the prototype has low cost so the porotype
meets this design requirement as it has high
endurance.
Eco-friendly: -as all the devices that have been used
is completely safe as it doesn’t emit any heat energy
or harmful radiation.
Availability: - the devices are widely available in
Egypt and could easily bought.
Cost reduction: - as all the devices costs us only 15
pound and the output were 4.8*10^-4V. To get all
these results and to get this solution, we didn’t
depend only on research. some information was got
from the subjects that we had.
RESULTS
After testing on the sound the prototype using the
sound of the mobile phone as an input, the results
were perfect as the output was 6V. However, after
increasing the sound on the small prototype, the
amplifier damaged. As a result, some modifications
and persuasion was taken.
I. Calculations:
In order to measure the endurance of the circuit, the
life time of all the devices that had been used would
be measured and the shortest lifetime would be the
life time of all the circuit. Consequently, after
searching for the life time of all devices, it has been
found that the life time of the circuit is 166 days.
The Watt had been calculated, in order to know how
many watts that this project achieve in 166 days, by
multiplying the intensity (I) and the potential
difference (v) which is = 16*(3*10^-4) = 4.8*(10^-
4). It was multiplied by 2 to convert it to minutes as RECOMMENDATIONS
the prototype produce 4.8*10^-4 watt/2mins. The Based on the conclusions of the research, it was
result is 552. recommended that:
Converting the sound waves to radio waves by a
Then the cost of each watt has been calculated by transmitter then this radio waves will be received by
putting the cost/ no of watts 6/552= 0.0108 L.E. It the retina and finally, it will convert to electricity.
was concluded that each watt that the prototype Before applying this project on real-life
produces every two minutes’ equals 0.0108. applications. It should carefully consider the study
of the properties of each device on the large scale.
After testing the prototype many times, it was Furthermore, if you convert the sound waves to
noticed that when the voltage increases the current radio waves, make sure that these radio waves were
intensity decreases as shown in table (2) and received by retina and converted to electricity.
represented in the graph (2)
ACKNOWLEGMENTS
Volts 5 10 15 20 First, thank Allah for helping us to reach the target.
Then thank the managers and members of our
Ampere 0.56 0.49 0.32 0.24 school who assisted us with the project and support
us to complete it.

Table (2): Shows the values of Volts and Ampere REFRENCES

in four trials.
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4
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