21st CENTURY

LITERATURE FROM THE

PHILIPPINES AND THE
WORLD

MARIELOU B. BULUSAN
Subject Teacher
LESSON OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:

a. define literature
b.differentiate traditional and 21st century literature
c. identify different genres of literature
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
LITERATURE is a body of written work. The name has traditionally
been applied to those imaginative works of poetry and prose
distinguished by the intention of their authors and that perceived
aesthetic excellence of their execution. Literature may be classified
according to a variety of systems, including language, national origin,
historical period, genre and subject matter.

LITERATURE refers to a society’s collected oral and written works that

reflect the views, ideals, mores, ambitions, and challenges of people
in life
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

21st CENTURY LITERATURE refers to the new literary work created

within 2001 onwards. These are the works created by contemporary
authors which deals with current themes and issues, reflecting
technological culture, and which often breaks traditional writing rules

21st CENTURY READER grew up using technology as their primary reading

tool. They are capable of navigating and interpreting digital formats and
media messages. They possess literacy skills which include technological
abilities such as keyboarding, internet navigation, interpretation of
technological speak, ability to communicate and interpret coded
language and decipher graphics
DEFINITION OF TERMS

LITERARY GENRE refers to the classification and organization of

literary works based on the type of writing the piece exemplifies
through its content, form or style

LITERARY THEME is the main idea or underlying meaning a writer

explores in any literary work. The theme could be conveyed using
characters, setting, dialogue, plot or a combination of all these
elements
TRADITIONAL LITERATURE vs 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE

TRADITIONAL 21ST CENTURY

Literary genres, customs and forms from various Comprises a wide variety of authors from varying
national literatures and cultures, namely- Asian, Anglo- socio-economic backgrounds
American, European, Latin-American seem appears to
be written by individuals or elites in high society

Follows a rigid set of rules and guidelines More in lines of free verse, no fixed rhyme scheme
or style

Mainly oral, didactic and mythical, full of romanticism Freer and often incorporates various attributes of
and idealism literary work to form a more artistic and
imaginative piece; experimental and have this
genre to print
 TYPES OF LITERARY GENRE

POETRY is a major literary genre that can take many forms.

Some common characteristics of that poetry shares is that it
is written in lines that have meter and rhythm. These lines
are put together to form a stanza in contrast to other
writings that utilize sentences that are divided into
paragraphs. Poetry often relies heavily on figurative language
in order to convey meanings and create images for the
readers
 EXAMPLES
Traditional
Venus and Adonis
by William Shakespeare
(1593)
 EXAMPLES

21ST Century Literature

Text
by CAROL Ann Duffy
(2005)
 TYPES OF LITERARY GENRE

DRAMA is often referred to as a play and is performed in front of an

audience. Dramas are written through dialogue and include stage
directions for the actors to follow.

DRAMA in literature refers to the performance of written dialogue and

stage action. It’s a literary genre that allows actors to act out a
writer’s words directly to an audience.
 TYPES OF DRAMA

1. COMEDY. Comedies are usually humorous plays. But being funny isn’t the
only way to define a comedy. The elements of a comedy include: lighthearted
tone, clever wordplay or turns of phrase, serious topics addressed in a
humorous way, comical misunderstandings, happy ending, offbeat characters,
often ends with a wedding, especially in romantic comedies

2. FARCE. Farce is a type of broad comedy. It depends less on a narrative

storyline and more on physical humor, sight gags, silly jokes.
 TYPES OF DRAMA

3. OPERAS. Operas are dramas in which the characters sing each line rather than
speaking. The entire production is set to a musical score. You can tell you’re
watching an opera if it includes these attributes:
• Musical soliloquies known as arias
• Plot-driving passages that can be non-melodic
• A libretto (text) set to a musical score
• Subject matter that is tragic, comic, or melodramatic
• Can incorporate an element of dance, but typically relies on singing performances
• Elaborate sets, costume design, and production
TYPES OF DRAMA

4. MELODRAMAS. Melodramas tell a serious story in serious ways.

• Character tropes such as heroes, heroines, villains, mentors, etc.
• Sweeping stories of romance or serious topics
• Larger-than-life plots and circumstances (or very small stories told in big ways)
• Exaggerated character reactions
• Clear literary themes
• Flawed characters who must overcome their faults in order to reach their
resolution
• Ending that is sometimes happy, sometimes unhappy
TYPES OF DRAMA

5. MUSICAL DRAMA
• Periods of standard storyline interrupted by songs
• Characters often singing in unison to express feelings
• Songs as plot-changing devices
• Dramatic or comedic storylines
• Catchy, distinctive musical score
• Often lots of singing and dancing
TYPES OF DRAMA

6. TRAGEDY
• A protagonist with a tragic flaw
• Circumstances that quickly get out of control – and not in a funny way
• Darker themes than a melodrama, such as human suffering, hatred, or
poverty
• Features the downfall of a previously heroic or well-liked character
• An irredeemable ending that results in one or more characters’ deaths
• Reaches a tragic catharsis
 TYPES OF DRAMA

7. TRAGIC COMEDY
• A serious storyline told in a humorous, sardonic, or snide
way
• Tragically flawed characters whose actions don’t result in
death
• An ambiguous theme
• Broad characters who act in classically comical ways
• Neither a happy nor a comic ending
 TYPES OF LITERARY GENRE

PROSE is a type of writing that is written through the use of sentences. These
sentences are combined to form paragraphs. This type of writing is broad and
includes both fiction and non-fiction.

FICTION is a type of prose that is not real. Authors have to freedom to create a
story based on characters or events that are products of their imaginations. While
fictions can be based on true events, the stories they tell are imaginative in nature.
FICTION also uses figurative language, however it is more structural in nature and
more closely follows grammatical conventions. It often follows Freytag’s plot
pyramid that includes exposition, inciting incident, rising action, climax, falling
action, resolution, and denouement.
NONFICTION is another type of prose that is factual rather than imaginative in
nature. Because it is more factual and less imaginative, it may use less figurative
language. Nonfiction varies from piece to piece. It may tell a story through a
memoir or it could be strictly factual in nature like a history books
 GENRES IN 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE
MANGA is an umbrella term for a wide variety of comic books originally produced
and published in Japan. Manga is often printed or illustrated with almost black and
white. Japanese manga is read from right to left. The term “mangaka” is used to
describe the author/person who creates a manga
 GENRES IN 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE

DOODLE FICTION is a literary presentation where the author incorporates

doodle drawings and hand written graphics in place of traditional font.
Drawings enhance the story, often adding humorous elements that would be
missing if the illustrations were omitted
GENRES IN 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE

GRAPHIC NOVEL features the use of graphic art, but in a narrative

form, using the pictures to tell as story in much the same way as
does a film.
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/different-types-of-drama-in-
literature.html

https://medium.com/@mrrtdn/21st-century-literary-genres-doodle-
fiction-graphic-novel-and-manga-similarities-and-8789741110