INFO MAP #1 LESSON 1 LITERATURE

A. Deffinition
1. written works of a language, period, or culture especially those considered of superior or
lasting artistic merit
2. the term applied to those imaginative works of poetry and prose characterized by the
intentions of the authors
3. written works used to transmit culture
4. it is an artistic and intellectual work of writing

21st CENTURY LITERATURE

1. is still in the act of being created
2. refers to world literature produced during the 21st century, roughly the year 2001 to the
present
3. characterized by lines of free verse, no set rhyme scheme, or format
4. encompasses variious dimensions, genres, elemnts, structure, contexts, and traditions
5. deals with current themes and reflects technological culture
6. often breaks traditional writing
7. traces artistic representation of shared and familiar experience

IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE
o Reflects human nature; it’s a way we can learn and relate to others.
o Acts as a form of expression for each individual author.
o One learns to appreciate words and their power.
o Makes one a better thinker.
o Students develop a sense of individuality and creativity.
o Develops in students enduring values, such as integrity, compassion, loyalty,
responsibility, and more.
o Allows a person to step back in time and learn about life on Earth from the ones who
walked before us.
o Allows us to interpret our own life and emotions and find ways to relate to the story so in
turn we can reflect.
o Influences us and makes us understand the ‘every walk of life’.
o Preserves entire cultures and creates an imprint of the people’s way of living for others
to read, hear, and learn

KINDS OF LITERATURE

o nonfiction, which describes writing based on facts

 o fiction, which is fabricated to some degree

Literature can be classified into different forms or types. Each form shares organizational
characteristics and conventions. Several commonly recognized different types of literature are:

o nonfiction prose
o fiction prose
o poetry
o drama

The literary classifications of form, genre, and meaning help readers anticipate the
content of a text. The table displays specific definitions for each term.

Classification Definition Examples

fiction prose, nonfiction
a classification of writing based on the
Form prose, poetry, drama,
organization and structure of the text
folktale
a subcategory of form; a classification of
mystery, fantasy, biography,
Genre writings with similar style, topics, and
science fiction
characteristics
synonymous with theme; the message an Love conquers fear;
Meaning
author intends to deliver to an audience friendship requires loyalty

Nonfiction Prose

Nonfiction prose is factual writing written in non-metrical language. The style and prose
indicate language that would be like spoken or conversational language, rather than language
that relies on rhythm, meter, or other poetic devices. The nonfiction form can include opinion-
based writing that deals with real-life issues. Some genres within nonfiction prose include:

o Biography: The true story of an individual's life, written by another person.

o Autobiography: An individual's recount of their own life.
o Memoir: A text in which an individual recounts their own experiences to share a
message or theme.
o Academic texts: School textbooks, such as science, history, math, and philosophy.
o Journalism: Event reporting, such as newspapers, periodicals, and online news
platforms.
 o Self-help: Texts intended to explain ways to improve one's life.
o How-to/Instructional: Any text that explains how to perform an action, from
instructional pamphlets to full-length books.
o Travel Writing: Travel guides, pamphlets, and guidebooks.
o Philosophy/Religion: Writing discussing people's thoughts, beliefs, and philosophies.
o Narratives: Factual accounts of real events intended to preserve information.
o Persuasive Writing: Editorials, essays, articles, and other works intended to convince
the audience of an opinion or course of action.
o Children's picture books: Books written for children using simple language and pictures
to teach basic concepts.

Fiction Prose

Fiction prose is a style of writing that consists of non-metrical language. Unlike nonfiction
prose, however, fiction prose is invented by the author rather than reflecting factual events,
people, or circumstances. Fiction is most found in either short stories or novel lengths.

o Mystery: A crime occurs, and a detective solves the crime.

o Romance: A story focused on a love connection.
o Science fiction: A story based on futuristic technology, science, societal structures,
space travel, or alternate realities.
o Fantasy: A story centered in an imagined world, often including magical events,
creatures, and places.
o Fables: A story intended to teach a lesson, often employing talking animals.
o Fairy tales: A children's story related to fantasy.
o Historical fiction: An invented story set in an identifiable historical time and place
intended to portray historical details accurately.
o Horror: A story written to frighten the reader, sometimes involving a mystery.
o Realistic fiction: A story with characters, places, and events that could occur in
everyday life but not based on actual occurrences.
o Adventure: Characters embark on a quest, overcome challenges, and perform daring
acts.
o Classics: Books that have been read and loved for many years and are still
considered essential reading.
o Children's picture books: Stories for children accompanied by pictures on every
page.
o Graphic novels: Longer stories presented in comic-book format with drawings and
visual dialogue.

Fiction prose represents a large portion of entertainment reading material available in

libraries and bookstores.
Drama
Drama is a play in literature, and a playwright composes it. It portrays fictional or non-fictional
stories. To explain away certain events, characters, or stories, a drama is produced, using
dialogues or actions. It can be performed on stage, radio or on big screens as in films. Conflicts,
emotions, and impressive characters are required to produce a high-quality drama. There are
many forms of drama but some of the most common are: comedy, tragedy, musical
drama, and melodrama.

1. Comedy: Comedy is a type of drama, which is lighter in tone. Its purpose is to make the
audience laugh and amuse them. It has a happy ending. Very unusual circumstances are there
coupled with quick and witty remarks. People consider it as the most entertaining and fun form
of drama and literature.

2. Tragedy: Tragedy is the type of drama that has a dark theme. It portrays suffering, pain,
longing, and often death. An example of a tragedy drama is the famous ‘Romeo and Juliet’ by
William Shakespeare.

3. Musical Drama: A musical drama tells a story with dialogues, songs, music, and dance. These
things convey the emotions in the drama. An example of a musical drama is ‘Les Misérables’
which starred Lea Salonga, based on the 1862 novel by Victor Hugo.

4. Melodrama: Melodrama is a kind of drama that portrays exaggerated emotions like tension

or excitement. It arouses the same emotions in the audience and makes them indulged in it.
The situation and the dialogues are more important in a melodrama than action.