AH1 GREAT BOOKS

Literature
in Different
Periods
Ma. Cristine R. Sosa
 Learning Agenda
What is literature? Genres of literature
01 A brief introduction to the 03 A discussion of the
characteristics and definition of characteristics and definition of
literature the literary genres

Flowchart of genres Prose and Poetry

02 An examination of main types 04 A discussion of the genres that
and sub-types of the literary fall under the categories of
genres prose and poetry
What is?
literature
 What is Literature?
Literature is a broad term used to refer
to written works, such as books,
magazines, short stories, plays, and
poems. Literature can provide insight
into the human experience and can be
used as a way to explore ideas, express
emotions, and tell stories.
It has been a powerful tool for
expressing and exploring our humanity.
When discussing literature, one can
talk about the author's style, the
themes explored in the work, the
characters and their motivations, and
the historical context in which the
work was written.
 Why is it Important?

Literature helps to develop Literature teaches us about Literature provides a form of

language and history and culture. Reading escapism. Reading literature
communication skills. literature from different can be a great way to escape
Reading and understanding times and places can give us from the stresses of daily life
literature helps to build an insight into the history, and open up a world of
vocabulary, encourages culture, and beliefs of the possibility.
imagination, and helps to people who wrote them.
develop critical thinking.
 Why is it Important?

Literature can inspire and Literature encourages Literature helps to build

motivate. Reading literature
can help to inspire and
motivate us in our own lives,
allowing us to learn from the
experiences of the
characters.
empathy. Reading literature
can help us to understand
the thoughts and feelings of
others, and to develop a
greater understanding and
appreciation of different
cultures.
connections. Literature can
help to build connections
between people, creating a
sense of shared
understanding and
appreciation.
 Literary Periods

Pre-colonial
Spanish
American
Japanese
Contemporary
 Pre-Colonial
Our ancestors developed the earliest forms of literature in folk songs,
speeches, narratives, epics, myths, legends, and indigenous rituals.

Riddles (bugtong) Folk Songs

are questions or phrases with a double or
hidden meaning, where the power of one’s
observations and wit are tested.
Proverbs (salawikain)
are questions or phrases with a double or
hidden meaning, where the power of one’s
observations and wit are tested.
Tanaga
is a mono-riming heptasyllabic quatrain
indigenous type of Filipino poem expressing
insights and lessons on life
are forms of folk lyrics, often repetitive and
sonorous, didactic and naive.
Folk Narratives
are stories from the past, reflecting people’s
traditions, feelings, and beliefs.
Epics (epiko)
are long poems, typically derived from
ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds
and adventures of heroic or legendary figures
or the history of a nation
 Spanish
Literature in this period is generally religious and secular in nature. the
Ideals of colonial history, justice, and religious faith left a mark on
our time.

Doctrina Christiana Spanish for “Christian Doctrine” or “The Teachings of Christianity” is believed to be
the first book to be printed in the Philippines in 1593.
Pasyon highlights the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ
Senakulo is a play depicting the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ
Panunuluyan is a traditional Filipino reenactment of Joseph and Mary’s search for a suitable place for Mary
to give birth to Jesus.
Salubong refers to the popular religious celebration reenacting the meeting between Jesus and Mary, his mother.
Sarzuela is a Spanish lyric-dramatic genre that alternates between spoken and sung scenes, the latter
incorporating operatic and popular songs, as well as dance.
Awit is a colorful tale of chivalry made for singing and chanting.
Korido is a metrical tale written in octosyllabic quatrains.
 American
The characteristic journey is identified with the access of Filipinos to
public instruction and the use of English as a medium of writing. Our
literature was heavily influenced by western styles and methods of
writings.

We Filipinos are Mild Drinkers by Alejandro Roces

How my Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife by Manuel Arguilla
Footnote to the Youth by Jose Garcia Villa
A Child of Sorrow by Zoilo Galang
The Filipino Rebel by Maximo Kalaw
 Japanese
The use of the English language is prohibited. This period welcomes the
domination of the National language and favors a positive effect on
Tagalog literature.

Filipino writers are encouraged to produce vernacular short stories and

Tagalog dramas. Considerably, the introduction of haiku writing is traced
to this period.
 Post-war and
Contemporary
Most of the themes during this period reflect people’s socio-political views,
real-life scenarios, and socioeconomic advancements. Literary pieces
produced during this period established a reputation for independent and
free expressions of imagination. Much of this writing mirror countless
advocacies for both commercial and literary forms.
Luha ng Buwaya by Amado V. Hernandez
To be Free by Edilberto Tiempo
Who Spoke of Courage in His Sleep by N.V.M Gonzales
Bataan Harvest by Amador Daguio
May Day Eve by Nick Joaquin
 Literature
Prose Poetry

Fiction Non-Fiction Narrative Lyric Dramatic

Novel History Epic Song Tragedy

Short Story News Ballad Ode Comedy

Novella Biography Metrical Tale Sonnet Melodrama

Fable Diary Elegy Farce

Parable Anecdote Idyll Social Tale

Legend Essay
 Literature

Prose
Fiction Non-Fiction
Novel History

Short Story News

Novella Biography

Fable Diary

Parable Anecdote

Legend Essay
 Prose
Prose is a form of literature that uses
ordinary language and has a natural flow
of speech. It is distinguished from poetry,
which uses a formal meter and rhyme.
Prose typically consists of sentences and
paragraphs and is used for a variety of
genres, including novels, essays, short
stories, and newspaper articles.
Poetry
Poetry is a genre of literature that uses
imaginative and often rhythmic language
to express an idea, evoke emotion, or tell a
story. It is often used to convey complex
emotions and ideas in an accessible and
creative way.
Poetry can take many different forms, from
traditional rhyme schemes to free verse.
 Prose
Fiction
Fiction in literature is any
story or novel that is created
from the author's
imagination, as opposed to
being based on facts or real
events.
Non-Fiction
Non-fiction in literature is a
genre which encompasses
essays, biographies, memoirs,
and other written works that
are based on facts and real
events.
Fiction
A novel is a work of long prose fiction, which is usually centered

Novel around characters, events and settings. Novels usually have multiple
chapters, with a larger plot and focus on character development.

A short story is a work of fiction that is usually shorter in length

Short Story than a novel. Short stories often have less developed characters and
settings than longer works, but can still explore complex themes.

A novella is a work of narrative fiction, longer than a short story but

Novella shorter than a novel. Generally, novellas are between 20,000 and
40,000 words in length.
Fiction
A fable is a short story, typically with animals as characters, that

Fable teaches a moral lesson. Fables often have an element of humor and
are an enduring form of folk literature.

A parable is a short story or brief tale that is used to illustrate a

Parable moral lesson or religious principle. It typically features characters

and events that are symbolic of larger truths or ideas.

A legend is a traditional story that has been passed down through

Legend generations and is typically based on historical events. Legends

often include elements of mythology and folklore.
Non-Fiction
History is the study of past events, particularly human activity and

History its impact on people and societies. It is a term that relates to past
events as well as interpretation of information about these events.

A news is a piece of information about a current event or situation.

News It may be reported in a variety of media, including newspapers,

television, radio, and the Internet.

A biography is a detailed description or account of a person's life. It

Biography includes facts and information about the person's childhood,

education, family, work, and death.
Non-Fiction
A diary is a personal record of experiences, thoughts, and/or

Diary reflections kept regularly and often privately. It can be a physical

book or an electronic document.

An anecdote is a brief, often amusing story about a real incident or

Anecdote person. Anecdotes are usually related as a way to support an

argument or point in a speech or essay.

An essay is a short piece of writing that focuses on a particular

Essay topic or argument. Essays are used to express ideas, explain a point,
or discuss a topic in a structured and organized way.
 Literature

Poetry

Narrative Lyric Dramatic

Epic Song Tragedy

Ballad Ode Comedy

Metrical Tale Sonnet Melodrama

Elegy Farce

Idyll Social Tale


Narrative
Narrative poetry is a form of
poetry that tells a story. It
usually follows a plot with
characters, a setting, and a
climax.
Poetry
Lyric Dramatic
Lyric poetry is a type of Dramatic poetry is a type of
poetry that expresses poetry that is meant to be
personal emotions or performed in a play or
thoughts. It often includes theatrical setting. It often
rhyme and meter and can be includes elements of
sung as a song. dialogue, monologue, and
characterization.
Narrative
An epic is a long narrative poem that celebrates the deeds of a

Epic legendary hero. It features a hero who represents the values of a

particular society, and who goes on an epic journey or quest.

A ballad is a type of song that tells a story and often has a repeated

Ballad chorus or refrain. Ballads typically have a slow, rhythmic structure

and use simple and emotional language.

A metric tale is a story told in verse, usually composed of stanzas or

Metric Tale lines of poetry. Metric tales are an ancient form of storytelling, often
used in traditional folklore, fables, and myths.
Literary works have the power to
transport us to worlds far beyond
our own and to open our eyes to
new perspectives.
They can inspire us to take stands, to take action, and to think
differently. In short, they are essential to our individual growth
and to the health of our society.