The Treaty of Versailles

theyre :

→ Leaders of the Allied Powers

↳ Woodrow Wilson ( POTUS]

↳ Clemenceau ( French
Georges Pm )

↳ C British Pm)
David Lloyd George
* Met at e- 1919 Paris Peace Conference
é terms of peace how to deal in
Germany
↳ to decide on e

Aims l Motives of é Big Three :

Leader Aims Motives

Woodrow Wilson ① To punish Germany but not too harshly

,
①To strengthen democracy e. self determination
-
in

( USA ) ② To promote his

'
Fourteen Points
'
defeated countries

secret treaties
↳included disarmament no ,

of conflict
,

↳ the idealist and e- Low ② To remove causes to prevent another

war
↳ forgiving towards

Germany
* move on e promote
peace

Lloyd George ① To punish Germany but ,

not too harshly ① To appease anti - German feelings at home

( Britain) BUT
② To make Britain
e Germany trading partners
↳ the realist lose its colonies ② To ensure Germany would not seek
revenge e start
③ To make Germany navy e
↳
forgiving e slightly another war or have a Communist Revolution
lenient towards Germany
↳ Did not want treaty to be too harsh .

① To cripple Germans +0 Protect France from future attacks ① To prevent Germany from building up its military e
Georges Clemenceau
blame for starting invading France again
(France) ② Demand that Germany takes e- war e
pay

↳ the uncompromising reparations

↳ France had
↳ harsh e
unforgiving major sufferings e losses from e- wa r

↳ wanted revenge on
↳ Lost many lives
Germany
↳ wanted
revenge

at the Paris Peace Conference had different airs motives → had to find common
ground
* The peacemakers e .
whydidtheBig-hreenotgetevfthngtheywan.ee? T.ms#teTreatyof-esaies :

① Military
* British French leaders influenced by Public opinion at home German
Army reduced to soldiers
•
too , ooo
e
•
No conscription s ; no tanks ; no air force ; only 6 battleships
é Rhineland to be demilitarised e west bank of Rhine occupied by Allied Army for 15 years
'

election by praising to Make Germany pay

' •

↳ Britain suffered hugely

: . Lloyd George won

↳ France people wanted é Treaty severely punish é Germans

② Financial
:
to

↳ over 3- of killed wounded

men who
fought were or

•
Reparations : £6.6 Billion (as agreed in 1921) →
paid to e- Allies
However America had suffered less Wilson
→ ,
→ was more
forgiving •
Coal in Saar Region → went to France for 15
years
$ The leaders had very big differences → could not be reconciled

③ League of Nations
•
Set up in 1920 to enforce é
Treaty and keep international peace
to compromise
* As a result each leader had
, •
Germany not allowed to join until 1926

④ Territory France)
•
All German colonies taken away → controlled by Low (run by Britain e

↳ blow to German pride

⑤ War Guilt
for starting
•
Stated that Germany had to accept e- blame e- war
 of Versailles consequenceseT-mpactsof-ne-reaty.im
①wGa%÷;reacti0nstotheTreaty-mm
:

Hated the war

guilt clause as they did not feel that they started e- war
① Political Instability
should share é blame é Weimar
↳ that countries nationalists hated 900-1
Believed other •
Right wing
- resented é
Treaty .

Bitter that Germany was expected to pay even though é Gena " eco -
0T was severely weakened
↳ Weimar govt allowed then to offer ( from Tov)
felt betrayed as
•

e-

Berlin
Revolution ( Kapp putsch ) launched took
→ over
•

② Disarmament ↳ followed by a general strike → paralysed essential

series

•
Felt that this was too harsh e unfair
•
Political assassinations
* Army was a symbol of German pride
↳ murdered é
Foreign Minister
* Left defenceless e surrounded by countries I stronger militaries

③ Territorial Losses e Reparations

10% of population ; 16% of coalfields
German land 112.5% of
↳ Lost all overseas colonies ,

Billion as reparations
f-

② Economic
↳ Had 6.6 ,
to pay
•

Major blow to German pride

industrial regions
e
economy
like e- Saar
→ Germans were bitter !
Instability
↳ Lost inept
French instead
losing its colonies the British e were
increasing
* As Germany was ,

their empires ( by taking over G-e - a n territory ) Conflict in the Ruhr :

1922 instalment of é
reparations
④ Non representation
→ Germany failed to
pay e-
goods
materials e as
payment
-

Ruhr to seize raw

invaded é
peace talks → France Belgium
Angry
at e
•
that they were not represented
then
(under Tov ) ; LON did not stop
↳ forced accept harsh treaty w/o ↳ Legal action
to a
any say
→ Disaster for Germany → workers went on strike so no
goods were produced
not lost e- war → should not be treated
•
Felt that they had
as a defeated country * Weimar govt .
printed more money ( no production of goods for trade)

Disruption of trade in an industrial heartland

of Nations Fourteen Points
•

⑤ League ,

not being invited to join e-

League •
Not enough money →
govt printed
extra money → caused hyperinflation
•
Insulted as they were

Wilson 's
Hyperinflation
received to :
•
Felt that é treatment they was not in keeping

Fourteen points wLesg→ shot up rapidly

•

Money became prices

↳ banknotes wallpaper burnt as fuel
used as ,

key Point : .

Trade was impossible ; wages paid daily ; people (middle class ) lost their
savings
towards e-
The treaty led to resentment hatred
was unpopular e e
extremists to blame e- Weimar govt
political Tove
.

extremism violence e Allowed citizens e

political
•

instability
,
to
Weimar Govt → led ,

huge economic problems .

 wasthe-reatyofvers-aiesfa.ir?
Some said harsh unfair !
é
Treaty was e

• The Germans resented e- Treaty as it greatly impacted its economy e military

↳ Instability nationalist uprisings
,

↳ Hated war
guilt clause

another war
may lead
e to
that it too harsh
Many felt
•
was

to be blind e selfish
↳ Big Three were seen

fair !
some said that the Treaty was

Britain e France
•
Celebrations in

Germany caused their sufferings losses

they believed
e
↳ Revengeful as

Viens that problems self-inflicted

•
Germany 's economic were