Summative Test 1

General Chemistry 1

Kemist want to determine the identity of a liquid compound (compound X)

due to its pungent smell and relatively high boiling point (>100°). However, it is
in a mixture along with ethanol, sodium chloride, and isopropanol. Kemist seeks
help to you to isolate compound X. What would be your procedure in isolating
compound X? Write a step by step procedure to isolate compound X using
physical separation techniques (see Appendix A for the properties of the chemical
species in the mixture)

Using the Physical Seperation tehcnique of gdebrhb to know which is compound

X and isolate it from the other mixtures. If the mixtures are boiled, the first
one to evaporate is Ethan with a boiling point of 78.2 C°. The second one
to evaporate is Isopropanol which boils at 82.5 C°. the last one two boil is the
Sodium chloride with a boiling point of 1465 C°.

Ethane's boiling point is at 78.2 C° and Isopropanol is at 82.5 C°, which

is less than 100° meaning the compound X is neither these two.
However, Sodium chloride mostly known as Salt, boils at 1465 C° which is
relatively high and meets the requirements of being more than 100° and if
not taken care of properly, it makes a pungent smell.

Its physical state might not be originally in liquid form but its solid form
turns to one when melted or boiled. The identity of compound X is the
compound Sodium Chloride also known as "salt".

After successful isolation of compound X, Kemist can only to perform

elemental analysis and Molar mass determination due to the small amount of
isolated compound X. The elemental analysis procedure requires 1.0 mL of
sample. Kemist recovered 2.1 mL that weighs around 2.01 grams. Kemist
performs the elemental analysis with the results: 9.15% H, 54.53% C, and
36.32% O. Kemist used the remaining compound X sample to determine its
molar mass. The molar mass of compound X was determined to be 88.01 g/mol.
What will be the chemical formula of compound X? Show your complete solution.
 After determining the chemical formula, Kemist realized that compound X
has isomers, compounds that has the same chemical formula but differ in
arrangement of atoms in space (different identity). Help Kemist identify the
identity of compound X using Appendix A. What is the identity of compound X?
Rationalize your answer in terms of chemical formula and using the data in
Appendix A.
 Appendix A
Chemical Compound Properties
Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Physical State: solid
Melting Point: 801°C
Boiling Point: 1465 °C
Density: 2.17 g/mL
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) Physical State: liquid
Melting Point: -114.1°C
Boiling Point: 78.2 °C
Density: 0.789 g/mL
Isopropanol (CH3COHCH3) Physical State: liquid
Melting Point: -89°C
Boiling Point: 82.5 °C
Density: 0.786 g/mL
1,4-dioxane(C4H8O2) Physical State: liquid
Melting Point: 12 °C
Boiling Point: 101 °C
Density: 1.03 g/mL
Butyric Acid (CH3CH2CH2COOH) Physical State: liquid
Melting Point: -5.7 °C
Boiling Point: 163.7 °C
Density: 0.959 g/mL
Cis-2-butene-1,4-diol Physical State: liquid
(HOCH2CHCHCH2OH) Melting Point: 7 °C
Boiling Point: 141-149 °C
Density: 1.067 g/mL
Acetoin(CH3COCH2OHCH3) Physical State: liquid
Melting Point: 15 °C
Boiling Point: 143 °C
Density: 0.9972 g/mL