Science Project : Infectious Diseases in Malaysia

Presentators : Low Yih Hern A5406

Tee Han Lin A5414
Woo Swee Thong A5418

Teacher : Encik Muhamad Rodzi Bin Md. Salin

Class : 2AK2
What is infectious disease?
• Infectious disease is disease caused by infection of pathogens directly
through mediums and vectors.
• Infectious disease is able to be transmitted from one individual to
another individual.
• Examples of infectious diseases : Tuberculosis(TB), flu, ringworm,
tinea, leptospirosis, dengue fever, malaria fever and Zika fever.
Top 5 infectious diseases in Malaysia

1. Dengue fever
2. Tuberculosis(TB)
3. Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)
4. Viral hepatitis
5. Covid-19 (Coronavirus)
Dengue Fever
Mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by dengue virus
Spread by Aedes mosquito
Infection through mosquito bite
Begin after 3 to 4 days of infection
Recovery takes 2 to 7 days

Dengue Virus Aedes mosquito Mosquito bite

Symptoms of Dengue Fever
High Fever Headache Vomiting

Joint Pains Skin Rash

How to prevent Dengue Fever?
Dengue fever vaccine should be taken
Remove stagnant water
Use mosquito repellents
Wear clothes which cover the whole body
Sleep under mosquito net

Stagnant water Mosquito repellents Protective clothing

*not an advertisement *just an example,do not wear this
 Tuberculosis (TB)
Bacterial incfection disease
Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria (MTB)
Spread through inhale tiny droplets from coughs and
sneezes of infected person
Attack lung and affect other part of body such as kidney
and brain

Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria Coughing Sneezing

Symptoms of Tuberculosis

Prolonged coughing Cough with blood in sputum Fever

Pain in chest Loss of appetite

How to prevent Tuberculosis?
Take bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine (used to prevent TB)
Wear mask
Keep away from the infected person
Quarantine the infected person
Wash hands and sanitize regularly
Keep the house sufficiently ventilated

BCG vaccine Ventilate the house Wear mask

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)
Caused due to viral infection
Caused by enteroviruses
Mainly spread by saliva, respiratory droplets sprayed into
the air after coughing and sneezing
Transmitted through direct contact with unwashed hands or
a surface containing traces of the virus

Enterovirus Droplets in the air

Symptoms of HFMD

Red rash Feeling unwell

Poor appetite Sore throat

How to prevent HFMD?
Practice good hygiene
Wash the hands regularly
Avoid sharing the cups and plates
Disinfecting the common areas

Wash hands Disinfecting

Viral Hepatitis
8 types of hepatitis viruses
Hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatits D, hepatitis E,
hepatitis F, GB virus C, 2022 hepatitis of unknown origin
Mainly spread through:
Contaminated food and water, Close contact with infected person,
sexual contact

Hepatitis virus Contaminated water

 Symptoms of Viral Hepatitis

Yellowing of eyes Joint pains Fatigue

Nausea and vomiting

Dark urine, pale stools and diarrhea
How to prevent Viral Hepatitis?
Hepatitis vaccine is the best preventive method
Avoid direct contact with an infected person
Avoid sexual contact with the infected person
Wash hands regularly
Follow safety precautions when travelling to places with viral
hepatitis outbreaks
Covid-19 (Coronavirus)
Caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus
First Covid-19 cases were discovered in Wuhan,China on
December 2019
Often found in bats
Live in animals but doesn’t affect them
Change and mutate as they transfer to other species
Airborne disease
Transmit through droplets transmission
Usually recover within one to two weeks

SARS-CoV-2 virus
Symptoms of Covid-19

Fever Runny nose Shortness of breath

Chills
Sore throat
How to prevent Covid-19?
Get vaccinated and stay up to date on the vaccine
-Increase immunity againts Covid-19
Wear a mask
-Prevent droplets from entering the nose and mouth
Stay at least one meter from others
- To avoid close contact with all people
Keep away from crowds
- Reduce the rate of getting infected
How to prevent Covid-19?
Wash hands regularly
-Use soap and water, or alcohol-based hand rub.
Take a bath instantly after returning home
Sanitize certain things that go out with you every day
Statistics graph:Cases of Covid-19 in Malaysia

Daily Covid-19 Cases

Statistics graph:Deaths of Covid-19 in Malaysia

Daily Covid-19 death

Prediction
Based on the statistics of Covid-19,cases and death of Covid-19
in Malaysia may increases because the virus of Covid-19 which
is SARS-CoV-2 mutate.The variant of Covid-19 such as Delta
and Omicron are more stronger and spread more easily between
people.Besides that,vaccines in our body have no longer
protection as it only lasts for 3 months.Some of us are not
obeying on Standard Operating Procedure(SOP) of
Covid-19.But after few months,it may decreases as all of us
obey on SOP of Covid-19 that set by government.
Suggestion
Getting booster dose of vaccines of Covid-19
-Body immune system increase more immunity against SARS-CoV-2
Obey on SOP
Quarenteen at home if infected or having symptoms
-Prevent virus from spreading to others
Wear face mask
-N95 mask and KN95 mask have several layer that have more protection
Stay at home
-Best way to decrease the rate of being infected