Science Project : Infectious Diseases in Malaysia

What is infectious disease?

• Infectious disease is disease caused by infection of pathogens directly
through mediums and vectors.
• Infectious disease is able to be transmitted from one individual to
another individual.
• Examples of infectious diseases : Tuberculosis(TB), flu, ringworm,
tinea, leptospirosis, dengue fever, malaria fever and Zika fever.
Top 5 infectious diseases in Malaysia

1. Dengue fever
2. Tuberculosis(TB)
3. Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)
4. Viral hepatitis
5. Covid-19 (Coronavirus)
Dengue Fever
 Mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by dengue virus
 Spread by Aedes mosquito
 Infection through mosquito bite
 Begin after 3 to 4 days of infection
 Recovery takes 2 to 7 days

Dengue Virus Aedes mosquito Mosquito bite

Symptoms of Dengue Fever
High Fever Headache Vomiting

Joint Pains Skin Rash

How to prevent Dengue Fever?
Dengue fever vaccine should be taken
Remove stagnant water
Use mosquito repellents
Wear clothes which cover the whole body
Sleep under mosquito net

Stagnant water Mosquito repellents Protective clothing

*not an advertisement *just an example,do not wear this
 Tuberculosis (TB)
 Bacterial incfection disease
 Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria (MTB)
 Spread through inhale tiny droplets from coughs and
sneezes of infected person
 Attack lung and affect other part of body such as kidney
and brain

Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria Coughing Sneezing

Symptoms of Tuberculosis

Prolonged coughing Cough with blood in sputum Fever

Pain in chest Loss of appetite

How to prevent Tuberculosis?
 Take bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine (used to prevent TB)
 Wear mask
 Keep away from the infected person
 Quarantine the infected person
 Wash hands and sanitize regularly
 Keep the house sufficiently ventilated

BCG vaccine Ventilate the house Wear mask

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)
Caused due to viral infection
Caused by enteroviruses
Mainly spread by saliva, respiratory droplets sprayed into
the air after coughing and sneezing
Transmitted through direct contact with unwashed hands or
a surface containing traces of the virus

Enterovirus Droplets in the air

Symptoms of HFMD

Red rash Feeling unwell

Poor appetite Sore throat

How to prevent HFMD?
Practice good hygiene
Wash the hands regularly
Avoid sharing the cups and plates
Disinfecting the common areas

Wash hands Disinfecting

Viral Hepatitis
8 types of hepatitis viruses
Hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatits D, hepatitis E,
hepatitis F, GB virus C, 2022 hepatitis of unknown origin
Mainly spread through:
Contaminated food and water, Close contact with infected person,
sexual contact

Hepatitis virus Contaminated water

 Symptoms of Viral Hepatitis

Yellowing of eyes Joint pains Fatigue

Nausea and vomiting

Dark urine, pale stools and diarrhea
How to prevent Viral Hepatitis?
Hepatitis vaccine is the best preventive method
Avoid direct contact with an infected person
Avoid sexual contact with the infected person
Wash hands regularly
Follow safety precautions when travelling to places with viral
hepatitis outbreaks
Covid-19 (Coronavirus)
Caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus
First Covid-19 cases were discovered in Wuhan,China on December
2019
Often found in bats
Live in animals but doesn’t affect them
Change and mutate as they transfer to other species
Airborne disease
Transmit through droplets transmission
Usually recover within one to two weeks
Symptoms of Covid-19

Fever Runny nose Shortness of breath

Chills
Sore throat
How to prevent Covid-19?
Get vaccinated and stay up to date on the vaccine
-Increase immunity againts Covid-19
Wear a mask
-Prevent droplets from entering the nose and mouth
Stay at least one meter from others
- To avoid close contact with all people
Keep away from crowds
- Reduce the rate of getting infected
How to prevent Covid-19?
Wash hands regularly
-Use soap and water, or alcohol-based hand rub.
Take a bath instantly after returning home
Sanitize certain things that go out with you every day
Quarenteen at home if infected or having symptoms
-Prevent it from spreading to others
Statistics graph:Cases of Covid-19 in
Malaysia

Daily Covid-19 Cases

Statistics graph:Deaths of Covid-19 in
Malaysia

Daily Covid-19 death

Prediction
Based on the statistics of Covid-19,cases and death of Covid-19
in Malaysia may increases because the virus of Covid-19 which
is SARS-CoV-2 mutate.The variant of Covid-19 such as Delta
and Omicron are more stronger and spread more easily between
people.Besides that,vaccines in our body have no longer
protection as it only lasts for 3 months.Some of us are not
obeying on Standard Operating Procedure(SOP) of Covid-
19.But after few months,it may decreases as all of us obey on
SOP of Covid-19 that set by government.
Suggestion
 Getting booster dose of vaccines of Covid-19
-Body immune system increase more immunity against SARS-CoV-2
 Obey on SOP
 Quaranteen at home if infected or having symptoms
-Prevent virus from spreading to others
 Wear face mask
-N95 mask and KN95 mask have several layers that have more protection
 Stay at home
-Best way to decrease the rate of being infected