FILMS

Film is a sheet of celluloid, used as a base for photographic sensitive material. Film
development is the chemical treatment process which creates a visual image.
Significance/Main purpose
The primary function of film is to record the image focused upon it by the lens of the camera.
Exposed film cannot be visually distinguished from the unexposed one. But the film has
changed physically during exposure and that change can be made visible if film is treated
chemically.
THE BASIC PARTS OF THE FILM
1. Base - Film base is a comparatively non-flammable film that meets the ANSI requirements
for a safety base. Cellulose acetate films are usually called safety bases since they have the
advantage of low flammability. NYI (1981) defines base as acetate base and defines it as a
transparent material used for making safety (slow burning) film.
2. Emulsion side- Photographic chemicals are used to develop a latent image that must be
developed through use of photographic chemicals. Films for photography are coated with a
number of very thin emulsion layers consisting of silver salts and/or dyes.
3. Film Sprocket- the film's edges have perforations or holes that are used to engage with the
camera's sprocket tooth to help the film advance or wind during exposure.
4. Film frame- Each image is segregated from the others in a film frame, which is a section
of a lengthy strip of film. The images are divided by one every time the film advance lever is
moved, which counts as one film frame.
5. Film Leader- The film leader, which is located at the end of the rolled film, is intended to
direct the photographer as they easily feed the film onto the camera's film take-up spool.
BASIC COMPONENTS OF FILM
Film is made up of several layers, including gelatine anti-halation layer, anti-curl backing,
film base, adhesion promotion layers and gelatine protective coating.

PROPERTIES OF THE FILM

Properties of the film are as follows:
1. Speed- the ISO number (International Standards Organization) assigned to each film
emulsion serves as a measure of the relative film speed. The amount of light required to
expose the film in a specific amount of time depends on the emulsion speed. The DIN system
employs a logarithmic scale, but the ASA number is directly proportional to film speed.
2. Emulsion- Emulsion of film is the emulsion of silver halides, which are suspended in a
thin layer of gelatine.
3. Base
4. Color sensitivity- The color tones in the film's emulsion that depict the subject's color and
allow for the acceptable portrayal of colors as shades of gray are known as color sensitivity.
HOW TO LOAD THE CAMERA WITH A FILM
- Hold the camera firmly on top of the table
-Open the back case of the camera by pushing the film rewind button then pull the rewind
crank
-Pull the film leader from the film cartridge and insert the film onto the film pick up spool
-Make sure that the film sprocket is engaged into the film sprocket tooth of the pickup spool
of the camera
-Move forward the film advance lever slowly to check film is clipped well in the film pick up
spool
-Close the back case, pressing it tightly to make the lock latch.
Move forward the film by advancing the advance lever, cock and fire the shutter. When
cocking the shutter for the second time the frame counter should be set at "1"

Now you are ready to shoot

UNLOADING CAMERA WITH FILM

When the exposure counter shows figure 36, the film should be rewound back into the
cassette and the camera unloaded. To do this:

1) Press film rewind button on the camera bottom.

2) Flip open film rewind crank and rotate it in the arrow direction till the film leader leaves
the take up spool.

3) Try to rotate the crank smoothly, without 'jerks and not too fast To avoid traces of static
electricity on film.

4) Pull film rewind knob all the way out;

5) Open the back of the camera. Remove the cassette, holding the film rewind knob.

6) Keep the exposed film by wrapping it with black-colored material, if it is not developed
immediately.
Films…what are films? Laman ng cameras, to record, or capture certain moments. Main
purpose of film is to record the image focused upon it by the lens of the camera. Which
means films are the main medium in photography.
Films also have parts like how cameras are broken down, may mga bahagi rin film. These
are:
1. Base.- Basically as shown in the illustration the base is tne black part at the end of a
film. Bases are also called “safe bases” since this part of the film is non-flammable or,
hindi madaling masunog.
2. Emulsion side- basing on the diagram the emulsion side is the part na merong parang
batik-batik, which are photographic chemicals.
3. Film sprocket- ito ung may mga butas-butas sa side ng film, these holes are present
because kapag umiikot ung machine or gumagana ung machine para continuous ang
capture or pag play ng images, dito kumakapt ung parang kadena para malipat.
4. Film Frame- This is the clear sections of the frame kung saan naka store or naka lagay
ang mga image. Each image is divided to fit sa isang film frame which also makes the
pictures look like it’s moving.
5. Film Leader- the end or tail of a film, ito ung mag iindicate ng connection to other
films para contoius or tulo tuloy ung daloy ng pagpplay ng pics.
Film is made up of several layers, including gelatine anti-halation layer, anti-curl backing,
film base, adhesion promotion layers and gelatine protective coating. These parts are
indicated in the illustration shown.
Moving on, since may parts ang film, it also have different properties,
1. Speed- in every film may assign amount ng emuilsion for the ISO or International
Standards Organization. So depending sa amount ng emulsion ng film, don
nakadepend ang speed ng playing or recording of images.
2. Emulsion- aforementioned, ung emulsion ung pinaka sensitive part ng film, dependent
on exposure is its resolution or ung quality ng image.
3. Base- tuald ng naipakita sa parts of the film, these parts may be transparent,
translucent or opaque. Pero generally or karaniwan na ung base is transparent whether
positive or negative, as in the ccase of motion pictures, color transparencies and
lantern slides.
4. Color Sensitivity- based on the name color sensitivity is the color tones in the
emulsion of films, meaning it represents the color of the subject or shades ng images.
LOADING AND UNLOADING OF FILMS
For this part, nagprepare ako ng vid para maidemo kung pano mag lagay at magtanggal ng
film sa isang cam