VACCINATION ROUTE: group 5

garcia
gedi
gelizon
graciano
guillema

Subcutaneous
hadirun
ibeji
ibrahim
jalac
Contents:

Introduction Preparation
01 02

Equipment Procedure
03 04
01
Introduction

Vaccination route:
SUBCUTANEOUS
Introduction

Drugs administered by
the subcutaneous route
are deposited into
subcutaneous tissue
(Fig 1)
 Route of vaccination:
Introduction Subcutaneous

Advantages Disadvantages

➔ Relatively pain free ➔ Slower absorption of drugs

➔ Good route for skin infection ➔ Complications:
➔ Safer ◆ Abscesses
➔ Slower absorption of drugs ◆ Lipohypertrophy
➔ Self administration possible
Lipohypertrophy of skin develops
from repeated subcutaneous
injections.
• Do not use this site for future
injections.
• Instruct patient not to use site
for 6 months.

Insulin-mediated lipohypertrophy
02
Preparation

Vaccination route:
SUBCUTANEOUS
 Preparation
1. Site selection (Fig 2)
Injection sites should be:
➔ Clean
➔ Free of:
◆ Infection
◆ Skin lesions
◆ Scars
◆ Birthmarks
◆ Bony prominences
◆ Large underlying muscles
◆ Blood vessels or nerves
 Preparation

A lifted skinfold
technique (pinching
or bunching the skin)
can be used to lift the
subcutaneous layer
away from the
underlying muscle
(Fig 3).
 Preparation
➔ Needle size is measured in gauges – a
1. Site selection 25G is commonly used for SQ
2. Needles injections
◆ 27G-25G (⅜ - ⅝ in)

➔ Rule: if you can pinch the skin

◆ > 2 in - 90 degree angle
◆ < 1 in - 45 degree angle
 Preparation
➔ If a patient is physically clean and generally
1. Site selection in good health, swabbing of the skin before
2. Needles
injection is not required.
3. Skin
preparation ➔ In older patients and those who are
immunocompromised, skin preparation
using an alcohol-impregnated swab (70%
isopropyl alcohol) may be recommended.
 Preparation
➔ Aspiration - not recommended
1. Site selection
2.
3.
Needles
Skin preparation
➔ Gloves need not be worn for this
4. Aspiration procedure if the skin of both health
5. Gloves worker and patient is intact.
◆ Gloves do not protect against
needlestick injury.
 Preparation
➔ Factors:
1. Site selection ◆ Weight of patient
2. Needles
3. Skin preparation
◆ Estimated amount of subcutaneous tissue
4. Aspiration
5. Gloves
6. Angle of
injection
03
Equipment

Vaccination route:
SUBCUTANEOUS
Equipments
04
Procedure

Vaccination route:
SUBCUTANEOUS
 5 Rights of Medicine
Procedure Administration
Right patient
Right drug
Right time
1. Explain the procedure and gain consent. Right dose
Right route
2. Provide privacy
3. Check whether the patient has any allergies.
4. Check the prescription is correct and follow the
‘five rights’ of medicines administration
5. Wash and dry hands to reduce the risk of
infection.
6. Assemble the syringe and needle and then draw
the required amount of drug from the ampule.
Remove air bubbles.
 Procedure
7. Position the patient comfortably. Ensure
good access to the injection site.

8. Inspect injection site for signs of edema,

inflammation, bruises. If any of these are
present, select a different site.

9. Wash and dry hands. Don gloves.

10. Cleanse the injection site.

 Procedure
11. Hold the syringe and needle in your dominant hand and pinch
the skin together using the non-dominant hand to lift the
tissue away from underlying muscle.
12. Insert the needle using a dart-like action (90 degree angle).
13. Depress the plunger and inject the drug slowly over 10-30
seconds.
14. Wait 10 seconds before withdrawing the needle. Do not
massage the area, apply gentle pressure only.
15. Release the lifted skinfold.
16. Dispose of sharps accordingly.
a. Uncapped needles to puncture-proof containers
17. Ensure patient comfort and wash hands.
 Procedure

18. Record administration

19. Monitor the patient for any adverse effects and
manage accordingly.
 Thanks!
Do you have any questions?

Group 5

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