LENGTH OF AN ARC
to Trigonometric functions.
- On a circle of radius r, a central angle of
teta radians intercepts an arc, whose
length is equal to the product of teta
and r, i.e.
- S=r θ , θ in radians
- s- arc length, r- radians, teta- central
angle
- θ = s/r and r= s/θ , in θ radians
Arc- is a portion of the circumference of a circle
Sector- is a part of a circle enclosed by two radii
and their intercepted arc.
The AREA OF A SECTOR of a circle of radius r
and angle teta is A= ½ r2 θ , θ in radians
FORMULAS:
A= ½ r2 teta
r= sq root of 2A/teta
θ = 2A/r2
PROPERTIES OF A UNIT CIRCLE
1. The domain is set of real numbers.
2. Range
R= {( x , y ) x 2+ y 2=1 }
3. P(θ )= P(2k π + θ ), for any integer k.
A CIRCLE is a set of points equidistant from a fix
point called the center.
The equation x2 + y2 = r2 represents a circle with
center at the origin and of radius r.
The circle intersects the x-axis at points (r,0) and
(-r,0), and the y-axis at points (0,r) and (0,-r)
BASIC CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS
Circle is a set of point equidistance from a fix
point called the center.
Circular Functions have domains that are sets of
numbers that correspond to the angles of the
trigonometric functions (in radians).
A Circular Functions are the other names given
There are two approaches in the
representations of the six trigonometric
functions.
1. Triangular Approach- uses the right
triangle
2. Circular Approach- employs the Unit
Circle
TWO BASIC CIRCULAR FUNSTIONS
Triangular Approach
SINE FUNCTION - defined as the reciprocal
of the opposite side of the hypotenuse.
o
sin θ=
h
COSINE FUNCTION- defined as the ratio of
the length of the side adjacent to an acute
angle to the length of the hypotenuse
a
cos θ=
h
Circular Approach
The sine and cosine functions are defined
by the use of the unit circle x2 + y2 = 1 by
means of correspondence from a real
number to a point on the circumference of
the circle.
The correspondence or function P on the
unit circle is defined as P(θ )= (x,y) = (cos θ ,
sine θ ) where θ , a real number, is the
length of the arc from A(1,0) to P, the
terminal point of the arc.
Cos θ = x abscissa
Sin θ = y ordinate
NOTE:
The familiar points of the unit circle are
those whose numbers range from 0 to 2 π .
 The third property of the unit circcle asserts
that once the number for the angle of the
function exceeds 2 π , then this multiple of 2
has to be deducted from the given angle.
The reduced number then will be
equivalent to one familiar value between 0
to 2 π .
SIX CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS
Six Trigonometric Function
QIII- tangent and cotangent (+)
QIV- cosine and secant (+)
NOTE:
To find the values of the six trigonometric
functions given a point or one of the function
and its quadrant, first determine the values of x,
y and r. Then, substitute the values to the
equation of the 6 trigonometric function.

SINE FUNCTION- is defined as the reciprocal

of the opposite side to the hypotenuse

COSINE FUNCTION- is defined as the ratio of

the length of the side adjacent to an acute
angle to the length of the hypotenuse.

TANGENT FUNCTION- is defined as the ratio

of the sine function to the cosine function.

COTANGENT FUNCTION- is defined as the

ratio of the cosine function to the sine
function.

SECANT FUNCTION- is defined as the

reciprocal of the cosine function.

TANGENT FUNCTION- is defined as the

reciprocal of the sine function.

THE SIX TRIGONOMETRIC/ CIRCULAR

FUNCTIONS

If θ is in standard position angle and if (x,y)

is any point other than the origin on the
terminal side of θ .

x y y
Cos θ = sin θ = tan θ =
r r x
r r x
Sec θ = csc θ = cot θ =
x y y
r= √ x 2+ y 2

QI- all functions are positive

QII- sine and cosecant (+)